Dendrosenecio adnivalis

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Dendrosenecio adnivalis
Mt.Speke2008.jpg
Near Mount Speke
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Dendrosenecio
Species:
D. adnivalis
Binomial name
Dendrosenecio adnivalis
Synonyms

Senecio adnivalisStapf
Senecio erioneuronCotton
Senecio refractisquamatusDe Wild.
Source: [1]

Contents

D. adnivalis (left) and lobelia on Rwenzori Ruwenpflanzen.jpg
D. adnivalis (left) and lobelia on Rwenzori

Dendrosenecio adnivalis (synonym Senecio adnivalis) is one of the giant groundsels of the mountains of Eastern Africa. D. adnivalis grows on the Rwenzori Mountains [2] and on the Virunga Mountains [3] in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Description

Dendrosenecio adnivalis attains heights of 6–10 m (20–33 ft) tall, trunk can be 40 centimeters diameter and the pith 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) diameter. [2] [4] The stems have 25 to 60 leaves densely packed in a rosette shape at the top. Old leaves are persistent, [2] withered leaf-bases covering the stalk for 1 to 3 meters below the leaf-rosettes. Leaf surfaces are elliptic to heart shaped and can be 96 cm (38 in) long and 26 cm (10 in) wide, hairy on the top and not hairy on the bottom. Branched clusters of flowers to 160 cm (63 in) tall and 60 cm (24 in) wide. The droopy flower heads have 9 to 20 ray florets, 16 millimeters long or no ray florets at all and 90 to 250 disc florets. [4]

Distribution

The Congo Basin is very wet; humid air is trapped by the mountains and rain falls on most days even in the drier months. Above 2500 meters (8,200 ft) clouds can persist for several days making the Rwenzori and the Virunga a wetter environment than the other East African mountains. [5] Dendrosenecio adnivalis lives at altitudes of 3,000 to 3,800 meters (9,800 to 12,000 feet) on the Rwenzori Mountains with another giant groundsel, Dendrosenecio johnstonii . D. adnivalis more common on the wetter soils. [2]

On the Virunga Mountains groves of Senecio stanleyi (Dendrosenecio adnivalis) grow after the tree heaths ( Erica sp.) in clearings along with Lobelia wollastonii until the altitude of 4,300 meters (14,000 feet) when vegetation becomes sparse. [6]

Synonyms

The herbarium has all of the Dendrosenecio adnivalis specimens filed under Senecio johnstonii [7] and indeed, one is probably a variety or subspecies of the other that adapted to live closer to water and on damper ground. [8] [9]

A synonym for Senecio stanleyi is Dendrosenecio adnivalis (Stapf) E.B.Knox var. petiolatus (Hedberg) E.B.Knox; for this article, Senecio stanleyi was considered to be a synonym of Dendrosenecio adnivalis. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Dendrosenecio keniodendron</i> Species of flowering plant

Dendrosenecio keniodendron or giant groundsel is a species of the genus Dendrosenecio of the large family Asteraceae and is one of the several species of giant groundsels endemic to the high altitudes of the Afrotropic, including Dendrosenecio johnstonii (Senecio battiscombei) occurring on Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and the Aberdare Mountains, Dendrosenecio keniensis occurring the lower alpine zone of Mount Kenya and D. keniodendron occurring in higher and drier sites on Mount Kenya. The giant rosette plants, sometimes 6 metres (20 ft) tall, often grow in even-sized stands, with different understory communities under different-aged stands.

<i>Senecio keniophytum</i> Species of flowering plant

Atop of Mount Kenya Senecio keniophytum is one of the endemic groundsel (Senecio) found at high altitudes in Kenya, such as the Afro-alpine zone of Mount Kenya, but not one of the giant Dendrosenecio that also live there.

<i>Dendrosenecio battiscombei</i> Species of flowering plant

Dendrosenecio battiscombei is one of the giant groundsels that lives on the slopes of Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Range. Like Dendrosenecio adnivalis on the Ruwenzori Mountains and the Virunga Mountains, Dendrosenecio battiscombei grows in the lower wetter areas of the Afro-Alpine zone.

<i>Dendrosenecio</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dendrosenecio is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is a segregate of Senecio, in which it formed the subgenus Dendrosenecio. Its members, the giant groundsels, are native to the higher altitude zones of ten mountain groups in equatorial East Africa, where they form a conspicuous element of the flora.

Mimulopsis arborescens is a tree from the family Acanthaceae and a species of the genus Mimulopsis. This tree is one of the species that can be found at Rwenzori Mountains.

Mimulopsis elliotii is a flowering shrub from the family Acanthaceae and a species of the genus Mimulopsis. This flowering shrub is one of the species that can be found at Rwenzori Mountains.

Senecio transmarinus is a sometimes straggling member of the flowering plants Asteraceae and species of the genus Senecio a perennial herb that grows on the higher elevations of the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda. It is also found in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The inflorescences consist of several flowerheads with large yellow ray florets.

Senecio maranguensis a 2-meter (6 foot) woody shrub or 6 meter (20 feet) climbing shrub from the family Asteraceae and species of the genus Senecio which makes its home at the same altitudes as the bamboo on the slopes of the mountains in East Africa.

Senecio mattirolii is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae endemic to altitudes between 3600–4500 meters on the slopes of the mountains of the Ruwenzori Mountains in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and an atypical species of the genus Senecio because it has purple flowers.

Dendrosenecio meruensis is one of the East African giant groundsel, this one is endemic to the slopes of Mount Meru. Once they were considered to be of the genus Senecio but since then have been reclassified into their own genus Dendrosenecio.

Dendrosenecio cheranganiensis is one of the East African giant groundsel, this one endemic to the Cherangani Hills. Once it was a genus of Senecio but has recently been reclassified as a Dendrosenecio.

Dendrosenecio elgonensis is one of the giant groundsel of East Africa; this one is endemic to Mount Elgon. They used to be considered part of the genus Senecio but recently have been reclassified to their own genus, Dendrosenecio.

Dendrosenecio erici-rosenii one of the East African giant groundsel and this one can be found on the Rwenzori Mountains, Virunga Mountains and the Mitumba Mountains. It is a species of the genus Dendrosenecio and is also a collection of reclassified Senecio species.

<i>Dendrosenecio kilimanjari</i> Species of flowering plant

Dendrosenecio kilimanjari is a giant groundsel found on Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa, below 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).

Dendrosenecio johnstonii, formerly Senecio johnstonii, is a species of giant groundsel found in the middle altitudes of Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. A recent botanical reclassification split off some species formerly in Senecio, putting the giant groundsels in the new genus Dendrosenecio. It also redefined the former species Senecio cottonii, as a subspecies of Dendrosenecio johnstonii. Both genera are in the family Asteraceae. The giant grounsels of the genus Dendrosenecio evolved, about a million years ago, from a Senecio that established itself on Mount Kilimanjaro, with those that survived adapting into Dendrosenecio kilimanjari. As it moved down the mountain, the adaptations necessary for the new environment created the new species, Dendrosenecio johnstonii. Various subspecies are found on other mountains.

Dendrosenecio brassiciformis is one of the East African giant groundsel, this one is endemic to the slopes of Aberdare Range and bearing fruit but once, and dying after. Once considered to be of the genus Senecio but since have been reclassified into their own genus Dendrosenecio.

<i>Cineraria deltoidea</i> Species of flowering plant

Cineraria deltoidea is a perennial flowering plant of the family Asteraceae and the genus Cineraria which is also the closest known relative of the giant Dendrosenecio of East Africa.

<i>Curio ficoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Curio ficoides, syn. Senecio ficoides, also known as skyscraper Senecio and Mount Everest Senecio, is a species of succulent plant, in the genus Curio (Asteraceae), indigenous to South Africa.

<i>Senecio madagascariensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Senecio madagascariensis, also known as Madagascar ragwort, is a species of the genus Senecio and family Asteraceae that is native to Southern Africa. Other common names include Madagascar groundsel and fireweed. It has been included on the noxious weeds list for Hawaii and the reject list for Australia. S.madagascariensis is the diploid cytotype of S.inaequidens.

<i>Senecio nevadensis</i> species of plant in the family Asteraceae

Senecio nevadensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.

References

  1. ↑ "Dendrosenecio adnivalis (Stapf) E.B.Knox record n° 183009". African Plants Database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  2. 1 2 3 4 H. Peter Linder; Berit Gehrke (2 March 2006). "Common plants of the Rwenzori, particularly the upper zones" (PDF). Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  3. ↑ I.Owiunji; D. Nkuutu; D. Kujirakwinja; I. Liengola; A. Plumptre; A.Nsanzurwimo; K. Fawcett; M. Gray & A. McNeilage (2005). "THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE VIRUNGA VOLCANOES" (PDF). Unpublished report. Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  4. 1 2 Aluka. "Entry for Dendrosenecio adnivalis (Stapf) E.B.Knox [family COMPOSITAE]". African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
  5. ↑ "RWENZORI MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, UGANDA". Protected Areas and World Heritage. United Nations Environment Programme and World Conservation Union. March 1994. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
  6. ↑ "VIRUNGA NATIONAL PARK, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO". World Conservation Union. 1984. Archived from the original on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
  7. ↑ Aluka. "Results List". African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 2008-05-13.[ permanent dead link ]
  8. ↑ Knox, Eric B.; Jeffrey D. Palmer (October 24, 1995). "Chloroplast DNA Variation and the Recent Radiation of the Giant Senecios (Asteraceae) on the Tall Mountains of Eastern Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. National Academy of Sciences. 92 (22): 10349–10353. Bibcode:1995PNAS...9210349K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10349 . JSTOR   19951024. PMC   40794 . PMID   7479782.
  9. ↑ Knox, Eric B. (2004). "Adaptive radiation of African montane plants". In Ulf Dieckmann; Michael Doebeli; Diethard Tautz; Johan A. J. Metz (eds.). Adaptive Speciation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   0-521-82842-2 . Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  10. ↑ "Senecio stanleyi Hauman record n° 98843". African Plants Database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
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