Devillea (millipede)

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Devillea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Polydesmida
Family: Xystodesmidae
Genus: Devillea
Brölemann, 1902
Type species
Devillea tuberculata
Brölemann, 1902

Devillea is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae. [1] These millipedes are rare and limited to caves. [2] Species in this genus are found in Sardinia, Capri, and southern France in the Maritime Alps. [3] These species are notable for featuring more than the 20 segments (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last) usually found in the order Polydesmida. [4] [5] This genus is one of only two genera in this order to feature these extra segments and the first such genus to be discovered. [2]

Contents

Discovery

The French myriapodologist Henri W. Brölemann created this genus to contain the newly discovered type species D. tuberculata in 1902. [6] The original descriptions of this genus and this species are based on multiple specimens of each sex collected from caves near Tourettes-sur-Loup and in Saint-Jeannet near Vence, both in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region of southern France in the Maritime Alps. [6] [3] Brölemann named this genus for M.J. Sainte-Claire Deville, who collected these specimens. [6]

Description

Millipedes in this genus feature exoskeletons that are highly sculptured with tubercles. [7] Species in this genus are small, usually less than 10 mm long. [7] The type species D. tuberculata, for example, reaches only 8 mm in length. [8] The second species in this genus to be discovered, D. doderoi , described in 1903 based on a male specimen found in Sardinia, measures only 8 mm in length. [9] The species D. cerrutii and D. patrizii , described in 1956 based on specimens (including only one adult of each species, both female) found in Sardinia, reach 10 mm and 7 mm in length, respectively. [10] [3]

The most striking characteristic of this genus, however, is the number of segments. Each species of Devillea features more than the 20 segments (that is, 19 rings plus the telson) typically observed in flat-backed millipedes. In the type species D. tuberculata, adult males have 21 segments, and adult females have 22, with a corresponding increase in the number of leg pairs (32 in adult males, excluding one pair of gonopods, and 35 in adult females). [6] [4] [11] The species D. cerrutii and D. patrizii also feature 22 segments in females. [4] Some species in this genus also exhibit variation in segment number within the same sex, for example, in D. subterranea , described in 1943 based on specimens from Capri, adult males can have as few as 19 segments or as many as 23. [4] The species D. sanctijohannis , [12] originally described in 1974 as a subspecies of D. doderoi based on specimens found in Sardinia, [3] can have 19 to 24 segments. [4] The species D. doderoi represents the most extreme example, ranging from 25 to as many as 29 segments, the maximum number recorded in this genus. [4] [11]

Development

Little is known about the post-embryonic development of millipedes in this genus. [4] [11] For example, some species in this genus may be euanamorphic; that is, they may continue to molt and add an indefinite number of segments as adults. [11] Authorities believe that species in this genus go through the stages of anamorphosis usually observed in the order Polydesmida, then reach a greater number of segments through additional molts, adding one segment per molt. [4] [2]

Species

This genus includes six species: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polydesmida</span> Order of millipedes

Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. Millipedes in this order are found in all regions of the world other than Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xystodesmidae</span> Family of millipedes

Xystodesmidae is a family of millipedes in the suborder Leptodesmidea within the order Polydesmida. The family Xystodesmidae was created by the American biologist Orator F. Cook in 1895 and named after the genus Xystodesmus. This family includes more than 390 known species distributed among 62 genera. Many species, however, remain undescribed: for example, it is estimated that the genus Nannaria contains over 200 species, but only 25 were described as of 2006. By 2022, 78 species in Nannaria have been described.

<i>Motyxia</i> Genus of millipedes

Motyxia is a genus of cyanide-producing millipedes that are endemic to the southern Sierra Nevada, Tehachapi, and Santa Monica mountain ranges of California. Motyxias are blind and produce the poison cyanide, like all members of the Polydesmida. All species have the ability to glow brightly: some of the few known instances of bioluminescence in millipedes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplodesmidae</span> Family of millipedes

Haplodesmidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polydesmida. Species occur in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, although some species have been introduced to the New world tropics. Species are small bodied, often with elaborate sculpturing on the tergites, and some species are capable of rolling into a near-complete ball.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polydesmidae</span> Family of millipedes

Polydesmidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polydesmida. This family includes more than 240 species in about 30 genera. These millipedes have a mostly Holarctic distribution that extends south not only to Mexico and North Africa but also as far as Java.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammodesmidae</span> Family of millipedes

Ammodesmidae is a family of small millipedes endemic to Africa, containing seven species in two genera. Ammodesmids range from 1.4 to 5.0 mm long with 18 or 19 body segments in both sexes, and are capable of rolling into a tight sphere.

Fuhrmannodesmidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Polydesmida. Although some authorities deem Fuhrmannodesmidae to be a junior synonym for Trichopolydesmidae, others still regard the taxonomic status of Fuhrmannodesmidae as valid. The family Fuhrmannodesmidae includes over 50 genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleidogonidae</span> Family of millipedes

Cleidogonidae is a family of millipedes in the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 28, 29, or 30 segments. This family includes the genus Tianella, notable for featuring adult millipedes with 29 segments, a number not found in the adults of any other chordeumatidan species. Adults in most Tianella species have 29 segments, but adults in two have only 28 segments. In the Tianella species with 29 segments, adult females have 48 pairs of legs, as one would expect in adult female chordeumatidans with one segment fewer than the 30 usually found in this order. There are seven genera and at least 140 described species in Cleidogonidae.

<i>Brachydesmus</i> Genus of millipedes

Brachydesmus is a genus of millipedes belonging to the family Polydesmidae. The Czech zoologist Camill Heller first described this genus to contain the type species B. subterraneus. This genus now includes about 75 described species.

Trichopolydesmidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Polydesmida. This family includes two genera notable for featuring sexual dimorphism in segment number: adult females in these genera have the 20 segments usually found in this order, but adult males have only 19. This family also includes the species Deharvengius bedosae, notable for being among the very few species in this order to feature adults with only 18 segments rather than the 20 segments usually found in polydesmids.

Speophilosomatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. These millipedes are found in Japan and range from 4 mm to 6 mm in length. Adult millipedes in this family are notable for being among the few in this order with only 26 segments instead of the 30 usually found in chordeumatidans. The adult males in this family are also notable for involving three leg pairs in the gonopod complex rather than the two pairs typically modified into gonopods in this order.

Entomobielziidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. This family includes 18 species, including 13 in the genus Tianella. Millipedes in this family are found in Romania, central Asia, and the Himalayas.

Agenodesmus is a genus of millipedes in the family Fuhrmannodesmidae, which some authorities consider a junior synonym of Trichopolydesmidae. This genus is notable for being among the very few genera in the order Polydesmida to feature adults with only 18 segments rather than the 20 segments usually found in this order. The genus Agenodesmus contains only two species, A. reticulatus and A. nullus. The type species A. reticulatus is notable as the first polydesmidan millipede discovered with only 18 segments in adults, the smallest number recorded in the order Polydesmida. Before the discovery of A. reticulatus, polydesmidans were known to have only 19 or 20 segments in adults.

Opisthocheiron is a genus of millipedes in the family Opisthocheiridae. These millipedes are found in France and Spain. The French entomologist Henri Ribaut created this genus in 1913 to contain the newly discovered type species Opisthocheiron penicillatum. This genus also includes the cave-dwelling species Opisthocheiron canayerensis, notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults, four fewer segments than typically found in adults in this order.

Opisthocheiron canayerensis is a species of millipede in the family Opisthocheiridae. This species is found in France, far inside deep caves. This millipede is notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults, four fewer segments than typically found in adults this order.

Chamaesoma is a monotypic genus of millipede in the family Chamaesomatidae, and Chamaesoma broelemanni is the only species in this genus. This millipede is notable as one of only a few species in the order Chordeumatida with only 26 segments in adults, four fewer segments than typically found in adults this order. This species lives on the surface of the soil and is distributed across most of France and Luxembourg. The genus Chamaesoma and its only species were first described by the German zoologist Karl W. Verhoeff in 1913 based on type material found by the French zoologists Henri Brölemann and Henri Ribaut under wet leaf litter near St. Béat in the Pyrenees in France.

Haasea hungarica is a species of millipede in the family Haaseidae. This species is a eutroglophile, capable of spending its entire life cycle in a cave but also capable of living on the surface outside of caves. Although these millipedes are often found in caves, this species has also been found on the soil surface in forests.

Tianella is a genus of millipedes in the family Entomobielziidae. This genus includes eleven species found in Nepal, one species found in Kazakhstan, and one species found in Kyrgyzstan. This genus is notable for including the only species in the order Chordeumatida with 29 segments in adults. Most species in this genus have 29 segments in adults rather than the 30 segments usually observed in this order.

Metamastigophorophyllon is a genus of millipedes in the family Anthroleucosomatidae. This genus includes millipedes found in Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia, and Georgia. All five species in this genus have 31 segments in adults. This genus is notable for including the only species in the order Chordeumatida with 31 segments rather than the 30 segments usually observed in adults in this order.

Devilliea tuberculata is a species of flat-backed millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae. Like other members of the genus Devillea, this species is limited to caves. This millipede has been found in several caves in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. This species is notable as the first millipede in the order Polydesmida found to feature more than the 20 segments usually found in this order.

References

  1. 1 2 "MilliBase - Devillea Brölemann, 1902". www.millibase.org. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  2. 1 2 3 Shear, William A.; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti; Marek, Paul (2016-10-25). "A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea". Zootaxa. 4178 (3): 371–390 [382-383]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4178.3.4. ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   27811714.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Marek, Paul; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Sierwald, Petra (2014). A Species Catalog of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) (PDF). Martinsville, Virginia: Virginia Museum of Natural History. pp. 34–35. ISBN   978-1-884549-36-6.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Enghoff, Henrik; Dohle, Wolfgang; Blower, J. Gordon (1993). "Anamorphosis in Millipedes (Diplopoda) — The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 109 (2): 103–234. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00305.x.
  5. ↑ Mesibov, Robert. "External Anatomy of Polydesmida: Body plans". myriapodology.org. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Brölemann, H.-W. (1902). "Myriapodes Cavericoles". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (in French). 71: 448–460 [452-455] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. 1 2 Means, Jackson C.; Hennen, Derek A.; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Marek, Paul E. (2021). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 5 (2): 1–26 [22]. doi:10.1093/isd/ixab003. hdl: 10919/102616 .
  8. ↑ Brölemann, H.W. (1910). "Biospeologica. XVII. Symphyles, Pselaphognathes, Polydesmoides et Lysiopetaloides (Myriapodes) (première série)". Archives de zoologie expérimentale et générale, 5e série (in French). 5 (7): 339-378 [361-362] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  9. ↑ Attems, Karl (1938). Lfg. 69 Myriapoda, 3. Polydesmoidea 2. Fam. Leptodesmidae, Platyrhachidae, Oxydesmidae, Gomphodesmidae (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 192–193. ISBN   9783111065182.
  10. ↑ Manfredi, P. (1956). "Miriapodi cavernicoli del Marocco, della Sardegna e del Piemonte". Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano (in Italian). 95 (3–4): 197–222 [215–216] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Minelli, Alessandro (2015-01-01). "Diplopoda — development". Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2: 267–302 [273, 284-285]. doi:10.1163/9789004188273_012. ISBN   978-90-04-18827-3.
  12. ↑ "MilliBase - Devillea sanctijohannis Strasser, 1974". www.millibase.org. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
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