Diploglottis bernieana

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Bernie's tamarind
Diploglottis bernieana ALA1.jpg
Foliage and flowers
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Diploglottis
Species:
D. bernieana
Binomial name
Diploglottis bernieana
Diploglottis bernieana distribution map.png

Diploglottis bernieana, commonly known as Bernie's tamarind or large leaf tamarind, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae. It was first described in 1987 by the Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds and is found only the Wet Tropics region of northeastern Queensland, Australia.

Contents

Description

Diploglottis bernieana is a medium-sized tree growing to about 20 m (66 ft) tall and 20 cm (7.9 in) circumference, with a fluted trunk and buttress roots. New growth is covered in a fine brown indumentum. The compound leaves may reach up to 82 cm (32 in) in length (including the petiole which may itself be 20 cm or 7.9 in long) and has 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets. The coriaceous (stiff, leathery) leaflets are generally oblong in shape with both ends truncate, and they are quite large, measuring up to 35 cm (14 in) long by 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. They are mostly glabrous but pubescent along the midrib, with 18 to 25 pairs of lateral veins, bullate between the veins, shiny. [4] [5] [6] [7]

The inflorescence is a panicle produced in the leaf axils measuring up to 50 cm (20 in) long and 30 cm (12 in) wide. The individual flowers are about 8 mm (0.31 in) wide and held on pedicels about 5 mm (0.20 in) long. The calyx is 5-lobed, green, and densely covered in red-brown hairs; the 5 white petals are about 5 mm (0.20 in) long with one petal slightly smaller than the rest. There are 8 stamens about 6 mm (0.24 in) long, the style is about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. [4] [5] [6] [7]

The fruit is a yellow-brown capsule with thick fleshy walls and 1 to 3 segments known as valves, one of which is usually aborted. It is densely rusty pubescent on the outside and has long soft hairs on the internal surfaces. Seeds number 1 per mature valve, are about 13 mm (0.51 in) long by 22 mm (0.87 in) wide, and are enclosed in an orange aril. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Phenology

Flowering occurs from September to November, and fruit ripen between November and December. [7]

Taxonomy

This plant was first recognised as a distinct species by Bernard Hyland, but it was first formally described by Sally T. Reynolds. Her paper, titled "Notes on Sapindaceae, V" (the fifth in a series of papers she wrote about the family), was published in the Queensland Herbarium's journal Austrobaileya in 1987. [4]

Etymology

The genus name Diploglottis comes from the Neo-Latin words diplo- meaning double, and glottis meaning tongue, which is a reference to the two tongue-like scales on the petals. [7] The species epithet bernieana was chosen by Reynolds to honour the highly respected Queensland botanist Bernard Hyland, who first recognised this as an undescribed species. [4] In Reynolds' protologue, the species epithet was misspelled as berniana, this was corrected in a later corrigendum. [8]

Distribution and habitat

The natural range of Bernie's tamarind is from about Rossville, near Cooktown, south to Innisfail, including the Atherton Tableland southwest of Cairns. It grows in well developed rainforest, from sea level to 600 m (2,000 ft) altitude. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Conservation

This species is listed by Queensland's Department of Environment and Science as least concern. [1] As of 29 January 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Related Research Articles

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<i>Diploglottis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Diploglottis is a genus of 10 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests and margins of adjoining humid forests in eastern Australia and New Guinea. Some species are known as native tamarind or small-leaved tamarind; they have no direct relationship with the true tamarind.

<i>Lepiderema</i> Genus of trees

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<i>Diploglottis australis</i> Species of tree

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<i>Mischarytera</i> Genus of plants

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<i>Rhysotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Rhysotoechia is a genus of plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae which is native to parts of Malesia and Australia.

<i>Guioa acutifolia</i> Species of tree

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<i>Toechima daemelianum</i> Species of tree

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Acronychia eungellensis, commonly known as Eungella aspen, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to a restricted area in east-central Queensland. It has simple, elliptic leaves on cylindrical stems, flowers in small groups in leaf axils, and fleshy fruit that is elliptic to egg-shaped in outline.

<i>Gardenia actinocarpa</i> Species of plant endemic to Queensland

Gardenia actinocarpa is a rare and endangered plant in the madder family Rubiaceae that grows in a very restricted area within the Wet Tropics rainforest of north-east Queensland.

<i>Pseuduvaria froggattii</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

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<i>Argophyllum heterodontum</i> Species of plant in the family Argophyllaceae

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<i>Diploglottis harpullioides</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Diploglottis harpullioides, commonly known as Babinda tamarind, is a rainforest tree in the family Sapindaceae which is endemic to the Wet Tropics of Queensland.

<i>Harpullia ramiflora</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

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<i>Harpullia rhyticarpa</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

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<i>Tetracera daemeliana</i> Species of plant in the family Dilleniaceae

Tetracera daemeliana, commonly known as large-leaved fire vine, is a vine in the guinea flower family Dilleniaceae first described in 1886, which is endemic to the northern half of Queensland, Australia. The flowers are pleasantly perfumed.

<i>Diploglottis diphyllostegia</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.

<i>Diploglottis obovata</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Diploglottis obovata, commonly known as blunt-leaved tamarind, is a plant in the family Sapindaceae endemic to central eastern Queensland, Australia. Until 1987 it was considered to be a form of the very closely related Diploglottis diphyllostegia.

<i>Cupaniopsis flagelliformis</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee, guaraná and maple family Sapindaceae which is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits drier or seasonal rainforests.

References

  1. 1 2 "Species profile—Diploglottis bernieana". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  2. "Diploglottis bernieana". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government . Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  3. "Diploglottis bernieana S.T.Reynolds". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reynolds, S.T. (1987). "Notes on Sapindaceae, V". Austrobaileya. 2 (4): 328–338. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Kodela, P.G. (2022). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Diploglottis bernieana". Flora of Australia . Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Diploglottis bernieana". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 485. ISBN   978-0958174213.
  8. "Corrigendum". Austrobaileya. 2 (5): 576. 1998. Retrieved 30 January 2024.