Bernie's tamarind | |
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Foliage and flowers | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Sapindaceae |
Genus: | Diploglottis |
Species: | D. bernieana |
Binomial name | |
Diploglottis bernieana | |
Diploglottis bernieana, commonly known as Bernie's tamarind or large leaf tamarind, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae. It was first described in 1987 by the Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds and is found only the Wet Tropics region of northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Diploglottis bernieana is a medium-sized tree growing to about 20 m (66 ft) tall and 20 cm (7.9 in) circumference, with a fluted trunk and buttress roots. New growth is covered in a fine brown indumentum. The compound leaves may reach up to 82 cm (32 in) in length (including the petiole which may itself be 20 cm or 7.9 in long) and has 4 or 5 pairs of leaflets. The coriaceous (stiff, leathery) leaflets are generally oblong in shape with both ends truncate, and they are quite large, measuring up to 35 cm (14 in) long by 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. They are mostly glabrous but pubescent along the midrib, with 18 to 25 pairs of lateral veins, bullate between the veins, shiny. [4] [5] [6] [7]
The inflorescence is a panicle produced in the leaf axils measuring up to 50 cm (20 in) long and 30 cm (12 in) wide. The individual flowers are about 8 mm (0.31 in) wide and held on pedicels about 5 mm (0.20 in) long. The calyx is 5-lobed, green, and densely covered in red-brown hairs; the 5 white petals are about 5 mm (0.20 in) long with one petal slightly smaller than the rest. There are 8 stamens about 6 mm (0.24 in) long, the style is about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. [4] [5] [6] [7]
The fruit is a yellow-brown capsule with thick fleshy walls and 1 to 3 segments known as valves, one of which is usually aborted. It is densely rusty pubescent on the outside and has long soft hairs on the internal surfaces. Seeds number 1 per mature valve, are about 13 mm (0.51 in) long by 22 mm (0.87 in) wide, and are enclosed in an orange aril. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Flowering occurs from September to November, and fruit ripen between November and December. [7]
This plant was first recognised as a distinct species by Bernard Hyland, but it was first formally described by Sally T. Reynolds. Her paper, titled "Notes on Sapindaceae, V" (the fifth in a series of papers she wrote about the family), was published in the Queensland Herbarium's journal Austrobaileya in 1987. [4]
The genus name Diploglottis comes from the Neo-Latin words diplo- meaning double, and glottis meaning tongue, which is a reference to the two tongue-like scales on the petals. [7] The species epithet bernieana was chosen by Reynolds to honour the highly respected Queensland botanist Bernard Hyland, who first recognised this as an undescribed species. [4] In Reynolds' protologue, the species epithet was misspelled as berniana, this was corrected in a later corrigendum. [8]
The natural range of Bernie's tamarind is from about Rossville, near Cooktown, south to Innisfail, including the Atherton Tableland southwest of Cairns. It grows in well developed rainforest, from sea level to 600 m (2,000 ft) altitude. [4] [5] [6] [7]
This species is listed by Queensland's Department of Environment and Science as least concern. [1] As of 29 January 2024 [update] , it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Diploglottis is a genus of 10 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests and margins of adjoining humid forests in eastern Australia and New Guinea. Some species are known as native tamarind or small-leaved tamarind; they have no direct relationship with the true tamarind.
Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.
Diploglottis australis, known as the native tamarind, is a well known rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It is easily identified by the large sausage shaped leaflets.
Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.
Rhysotoechia is a genus of plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae which is native to parts of Malesia and Australia.
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Toechima daemelianum, commonly known as cape tamarind, is an evergreen tree from north-east Queensland in Australia. It grows up to 13 metres high and a trunk which may be up to 20 cm wide.
Meiogyne cylindrocarpa, commonly known as fingersop or native apricot in Australia, is a small tree or shrub in the custard apple family Annonaceae. It is native to Borneo, Java, the Marianas, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Vanuatu, and Western Australia. In the Chamorro language it is known as "paipai".
Acronychia eungellensis, commonly known as Eungella aspen, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to a restricted area in east-central Queensland. It has simple, elliptic leaves on cylindrical stems, flowers in small groups in leaf axils, and fleshy fruit that is elliptic to egg-shaped in outline.
Gardenia actinocarpa is a rare and endangered plant in the madder family Rubiaceae that grows in a very restricted area within the Wet Tropics rainforest of north-east Queensland.
Pseuduvaria froggattii is a rare species of tree which is restricted to a very small part of northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is a member of the custard apple and soursop family Annonaceae, and was first described in 1887. Despite the small range its status considered to be least concern.
Argophyllum heterodontum is a plant in the Argophyllaceae family endemic to a small part of north eastern Queensland. It has an affinity to A. lejourdanii and was described and named in 2018.
Diploglottis harpullioides, commonly known as Babinda tamarind, is a rainforest tree in the family Sapindaceae which is endemic to the Wet Tropics of Queensland.
Harpullia ramiflora, commonly known as the Claudie tulipwood or Cape York tulipwood, is a tree in the Sapindaceae family native to north east Queensland, New Guinea and parts of Malesia.
Harpullia rhyticarpa, commonly known as slender harpullia, is a plant in the family Sapindaceae which is endemic to the rainforests northeastern Queensland, Australia.
Tetracera daemeliana, commonly known as large-leaved fire vine, is a vine in the guinea flower family Dilleniaceae first described in 1886, which is endemic to the northern half of Queensland, Australia. The flowers are pleasantly perfumed.
Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.
Diploglottis obovata, commonly known as blunt-leaved tamarind, is a plant in the family Sapindaceae endemic to central eastern Queensland, Australia. Until 1987 it was considered to be a form of the very closely related Diploglottis diphyllostegia.
Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee, guaraná and maple family Sapindaceae which is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits drier or seasonal rainforests.