Diploglottis

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Diploglottis
Diploglottis cunninghamii - Baillon.jpg
Diploglottis australis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Tribe: Cupanieae
Genus: Diploglottis
Hook.f. [1] [2] [3]
Species

See text

Diploglottis is a genus of 11 species (as of 2014) in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae. Most species only occur in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, but all species except one are endemic to eastern Australia, with the exception being D. diphyllostegia, which also occurs in New Guinea. They are commonly called tamarinds, for example northern tamarind (D. diphyllostegia), Babinda tamarind (D. harpullioides) and Bernie's tamarind (D. bernieana), however they are not closely related to the true tamarind from the family Fabaceae. [4] [5]

Contents

Plants in this genus are small to large trees, often with fluted and/or multi-stemmed trunks. Branchlets are fluted, hairy and lenticellate . Leaves are compound and paripinnate; leaflets are stiff, often quite large and may be arranged in opposites or alternately. The inflorescences are panicles, produced in the leaf axils. Flowers are small, polygamous (i.e. having bisexual and unisexual flowers on the same plant), calyx with 5 lobes, corolla with 4 or 5 petals. Fruit are capsules, (1–)2–3(–4) lobed, one or more lobes may be aborted. Seeds entirely or partly enclosed in a bilobed aril. [4] [5]

One Australian species, D. australis is grown as a street tree in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, principally Lismore and is known locally as the native tamarind.[ citation needed ]

Another endemic Australian species is D. campbellii , also known as the small-leaved tamarind, is rare and threatened and is restricted to a small number of sites each with a maximum of three trees per site. There are a total of 42 known mature wild trees in south-east Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. However, the tree, as a seedling, is readily available from nurseries in the Northern Rivers area of New South Wales, and in south-eastern Queensland. The small-leaved tamarind grows to 30 metres and has a compact canopy, making it good to use as a screening tree. It has small three-lobed fruit capsules. The fruit is edible and is commercially produced as bushfood. It is red when ripe and can be made into jam.[ citation needed ]

D. campbellii seedling D campbelli.jpg
D. campbellii seedling

Naming and classification

The species currently known as D. australis was the first that European scientists collected specimens of, for instance botanist Robert Brown in 1804. [1] [6] Before formal naming, this species was grown up to a flowering tree in a glasshouse in Kew gardens, UK. [6] In 1862 Joseph Dalton Hooker first established this genus name Diploglottis in Genera Plantarum and the following year George Bentham formally published the D. cunninghamii name combination. [6] Earlier in 1831 however, George Don had published a formal description of this taxon named with the epithet australis, with a different name genus. [6] In 1878–9 Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer published his referral of this taxon to the name combination Diploglottis australis. [6] In 1986 Gwen Harden and Lawrie Johnson published the clarification of the further involved history of these names. [6] Sally T. Reynolds had proposed D. cunninghamii as the correct name in 1981. [5] Harden and Johnson clarified that D. australis legitimately has support as the correct name, for this type species. [6]

In 1978 P. W. Leenhouts described the new species D. bracteata. [7] In 1981 and 1987 Reynolds described several different new species. [5] [8] In 1985 Reynolds’ account of the genus in Australia was published in the Flora of Australia volume 25. [9] In 1994 in Flora Malesiana P. W. Leenhouts included D. australis occurring in New Guinea, however the record has been corrected to the superficially similar D. diphyllostegia which in Australia also grows in areas adjacent to New Guinea and further north than the northernmost D. australis records. [10] [ failed verification ] [11] [ failed verification ] [12]

Species

As of 4 February 2024, World Flora Online and Plants of the World Online both accept the following 11 species: [2] [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Alectryon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.

<i>Cupaniopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia. Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.

<i>Harpullia</i> Genus of trees

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation.

<i>Jagera</i> (plant) Genus of trees

Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Arytera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Atalaya</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Atalaya is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs of the plant family Sapindaceae. As of 2013 fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Eswatini and Mozambique.

<i>Elattostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Lepiderema</i> Genus of trees

Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.

<i>Mischocarpus</i> Genus of trees

Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.

<i>Diploglottis australis</i> Species of tree

Diploglottis australis, known as the native tamarind, is a well known rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It is easily identified by the large sausage shaped leaflets.

<i>Jagera pseudorhus</i> Species of tree

Jagera pseudorhus, commonly named foambark, is a species of rainforest trees, in the northern half of eastern Australia and in New Guinea, constituting part of the flowering plant family Sapindaceae. Named for the saponin foam that forms on the bark after heavy rain.

<i>Sarcopteryx</i> Genus of trees

Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.

<i>Mischarytera</i> Genus of plants

Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.

<i>Sarcotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Sarcotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Rhysotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Rhysotoechia is a genus of plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae which is native to parts of Malesia and Australia.

<i>Synima</i> Genus of trees

Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Lepidopetalum is a genus of six species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Diploglottis harpullioides</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Diploglottis harpullioides, commonly known as Babinda tamarind, is a rainforest tree in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae which is found only in northeast Queensland, Australia.

<i>Diploglottis diphyllostegia</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.

References

  1. 1 2 "Diploglottis Hook.f." Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  2. 1 2 "Diploglottis Hook.f." World Flora Online . World Flora Online Consortium. 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  3. 1 2 "Diploglottis Hook.f." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  4. 1 2 Reynolds, S.T.; Kodela, P.G. (2022). Kodela, P.G. (ed.). "Diploglottis Hook.f." Flora of Australia . Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Reynolds, S.T. (1981). "Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, I". Austrobaileya. 1 (4): 388–419. JSTOR   41738625.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Harden, Gwen J.; Johnson, Lawrence A. S. (1986). "A Note on Diploglottis australis (G.Don) Radlk." Telopea. 2 (6): 745–8. doi: 10.7751/telopea19864613 .
  7. ↑ Leenhouts, P. W. (1978). "A new species of Diploglottis (Sapindaceae) and its systematic position". Blumea. 24 (1): 173–9. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  8. ↑ Reynolds, S. T. (1987). "Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, V". Austrobaileya. 2 (4): 328–338. JSTOR   41738694.
  9. ↑ Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). "Diploglottis". Flora of Australia (PDF). By (not stated). Vol. 25: Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. pp. 33–38. ISBN   9780644037242. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 5 Jan 2024.
  10. ↑ Leenhouts (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Diploglottis" . Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  11. ↑ Leenhouts (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Diploglottis australis" . Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  12. ↑ Conn, Barry J. (2008). "Diploglottis" (Online, from pngplants.org/PNGCensus). Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea. Retrieved 10 Dec 2013.

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