Dolby Vision

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Dolby Vision
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Dolby Vision is a set of technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories for high dynamic range (HDR) video. [1] [2] [3] It covers content creation, distribution, and playback. [1] [4] [5] [6] It includes dynamic metadata that define the aspect ratio and adjust the picture based on a display's capabilities on a per-shot or even per-frame basis, optimizing the presentation.

Contents

Dolby Vision was introduced in 2014, [1] [7] making it the first available HDR format. HDR10+ is a competitor HDR format that also uses dynamic metadata. [8]

Dolby Vision IQ is an update designed to optimize Dolby Vision content according to the ambient light. [9]

Dolby Cinema uses Dolby Vision too, though because of the use of 2.6 gamma and thus 48 nits in SDR cinemas, the 108 nits used in Dolby Cinema is already HDR. [10]

Description

Dolby Vision allows for a maximum resolution of 8K, up to 12-bit color depth, maximum peak brightness of 10,000 nits. [11] However, according to the Dolby Vision white paper, as of 2018 professional reference monitors, such as the Dolby Vision HDR reference monitor, are currently limited to 4,000 nits of peak brightness. [12]

Dolby Vision includes the PQ transfer function, a wide-gamut color space (ITU-R Rec. BT.2020 in YCBCR or IPTPQc2), up to 8K resolution, and for some profiles (FEL) up to 12-bit. It can encode mastering display colorimetry information using static metadata (SMPTE ST 2086) and also provide dynamic metadata (SMPTE ST 2094-10, Dolby format) for each scene or frame. [13]

This dynamic metadata allows adjusting of the image on a scene-by-scene or even frame-by-frame basis. [14] These adjustments, called "trims" in Dolby's support documents, include parameters such as Lift, Gamma, Gain, Saturation, Chroma Weight, and so on. Each set of trims are specific to their respective target displays defined by nits and colorspace. Image aspect ratios can also be defined on a per-shot basis. [15]

Technical details

The Dolby Vision format is capable of representing videos with a peak brightness up to 10,000 cd/m2 and a color gamut up to Rec. 2020. [16] Current displays cannot reproduce the full Dolby Vision brightness and gamut capability. There are no brightness and color gamut capability requirements for consumer displays. When the consumer display has lower color volume than the mastering display, the content is adjusted to the consumer display capability based on the dynamic metadata.

Dolby Vision mastering displays require: [17]

Metadata

Dolby Vision metadata include: [15]

Dolby Vision 4.0 introduces new secondary trims for hue and saturation adjustment. [18]

Profiles

Dolby Vision profiles [19] [20]
ProfileCodecBL:EL resolutionBackward compatibility
410-bit HEVC 1:1/4 SDR
510-bit HEVC No enhancement layerNone (It uses proprietary IPTPQc2)
710-bit HEVC 1:1/4 for UHD

1:1 for FHD

Ultra HD Blu-ray
810-bit HEVC No enhancement layer HDR10 or SDR or HLG
98-bit AVC High or High Progressive Profile SDR
1010-bit AV1 None or HDR10 or SDR or HLG
2010bit MV-HEVC for 3D or HEVC for 2DNone (It uses proprietary IPTPQc2)
Profiles not supported for new applications [19] [20]
ProfileCodecBL:EL resolutionBackward compatibility
0 AVC 1:1/4 SDR
1 AVC 1:1None
28-bit HEVC 1:1/4 SDR
38-bit HEVC 1:1None
610-bit HEVC 1:1/4 HDR10
810-bit HEVC No enhancement layer

Dual layer

Some Dolby Vision profiles are dual layer (for example: the profile 7 used for Ultra HD Blu-ray). [20] The base layer (BL) and the enhancement layer (EL) are combined to produce a 12-bit video stream. [4]

The enhancement layer can be full enhancement layer (FEL) or minimum enhancement layer (MEL). [20]

File formats

License

Dolby Vision is a proprietary solution by Dolby. [26]

In 2021, compatible color grading systems can create Dolby Vision automatic metadata with no additional cost for content creators. [26] A $2,500 annual license is required to activate the trims allowing content creators to manually adjust the video. [26] OEM and manufacturer of a grading, mastering, editorial, or other professional application or device need to apply for a license. [26]

Dolby SVP of Business Giles Baker has stated that the royalty cost for Dolby Vision is less than $3 per TV. [27] [28] [29]

Libplacebo (as part of VideoLAN project) implemented support for Dolby Vision profile 5's IPTPQc2 color space, MMR and reshaping, yet no support of dynamic metadata and NLQ yet. [30]

MPC Video Renderer implemented partial support for Dolby Vision (Profiles 5, 8.1, 8.4 are supported). [31]

Adoption

Hardware

Content distribution

Software

Notes

  1. ↑ iPhone 8/8 Plus, XR, 11, and SE (2nd generation) can play Dolby Vision content despite not having an HDR-ready display, done by down-converting the HDR content to fit the display while still having some enhancements to dynamic range, contrast, and wide color gamut compared to standard content. [34]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dolby</span> Audio technology company

Dolby Laboratories, Inc. is a British-American technology corporation specializing in audio noise reduction, audio encoding/compression, spatial audio, and HDR imaging. Dolby licenses its technologies to consumer electronics manufacturers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDMI</span> Proprietary interface for transmitting digital audio and video data

High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device. HDMI is a digital replacement for analog video standards.

High dynamic range (HDR), also known as wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, or expanded dynamic range, is a signal with a higher dynamic range than usual.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">8K resolution</span> Resolutions with approximate width of 8,000 pixels

8K resolution refers to an image or display resolution with a width of approximately 8,000 pixels. 8K UHD is the highest resolution defined in the Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) standard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rec. 2020</span> ITU-R recommendation

ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020, defines various aspects of ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) with standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG), including picture resolutions, frame rates with progressive scan, bit depths, color primaries, RGB and luma-chroma color representations, chroma subsamplings, and an opto-electronic transfer function. The first version of Rec. 2020 was posted on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) website on August 23, 2012, and two further editions have been published since then.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FreeSync</span> Brand name for an adaptive synchronization technology

FreeSync is an adaptive synchronization technology for LCD and OLED displays that support a variable refresh rate aimed at avoiding tearing and reducing stuttering caused by misalignment between the screen's refresh rate and the content's frame rate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ultra HD Blu-ray</span> Optical disc storage medium

Ultra HD Blu-ray is a digital optical disc data storage format that is an enhanced variant of Blu-ray. Ultra HD Blu-ray discs are incompatible with existing standard Blu-ray players. Ultra HD Blu-ray supports 4K UHD video at frame rates up to 60 progressive frames per second, encoded using High-Efficiency Video Coding. The discs support both high dynamic range by increasing the color depth to 10-bit per color and a greater color gamut than supported by conventional Blu-ray video by using the Rec. 2020 color space. Ultra HD Blu-Ray discs also support a 12-bit per color container via Dolby Vision. Dolby Vision content on 4K UHD Blu-Ray can also be mastered for 10,000 nits peak brightness, whereas standard HDR10 can only achieve a maximum of 4,000 nits of brightness. Moreover, Dolby Vision makes use of dynamic metadata, which adjusts the brightness and tone mapping per scene. In contrast, standard HDR10 only makes use of static metadata, which sets the same brightness and tone mapping for the entirety of the content.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid log–gamma</span> High dynamic range standard that was jointly developed by the BBC and NHK

The hybrid log–gamma (HLG) transfer function is a transfer function jointly developed by the BBC and NHK for high dynamic range (HDR) display. It's backward compatible with the transfer function of SDR. It was approved as ARIB STD-B67 by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). It is also defined in ATSC 3.0, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) UHD-1 Phase 2, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Rec. 2100.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HDR10</span> Open HDR standard

HDR10 Media Profile, more commonly known as HDR10, is an open high-dynamic-range video (HDR) standard announced on August 27, 2015, by the Consumer Technology Association. It is the most widespread HDR format.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DCI-P3</span> RGB color space for digital movie projection from the American film industry

DCI-P3 is a color space first defined in 2005 as part of the Digital Cinema Initiative, to be used for digital theatrical motion picture distribution (DCDM). Display P3 is a variant developed by Apple Inc. for wide-gamut displays.

Standard-dynamic-range video is a video technology which represents light intensity based on the brightness, contrast and color characteristics and limitations of a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. SDR video is able to represent a video or picture's colors with a maximum luminance around 100 cd/m2, a black level around 0.1 cd/m2 and Rec.709 / sRGB color gamut. It uses the gamma curve as its electro-optical transfer function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ultra HD Forum</span> Organization

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<i>ICtCp</i>

ICTCP, ICtCp, or ITP is a color representation format specified in the Rec. ITU-R BT.2100 standard that is used as a part of the color image pipeline in video and digital photography systems for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) imagery. It was developed by Dolby Laboratories from the IPT color space by Ebner and Fairchild. The format is derived from an associated RGB color space by a coordinate transformation that includes two matrix transformations and an intermediate nonlinear transfer function that is informally known as gamma pre-correction. The transformation produces three signals called I, CT, and CP. The ICTCP transformation can be used with RGB signals derived from either the perceptual quantizer (PQ) or hybrid log–gamma (HLG) nonlinearity functions, but is most commonly associated with the PQ function.

The perceptual quantizer (PQ), published by SMPTE as SMPTE ST 2084, is a transfer function that allows for HDR display by replacing the gamma curve used in SDR. It is capable of representing luminance level up to 10000 cd/m2 (nits) and down to 0.0001 nits. It has been developed by Dolby and standardized in 2014 by SMPTE and also in 2016 by ITU in Rec. 2100. ITU specifies the use of PQ or HLG as transfer functions for HDR-TV. PQ is the basis of HDR video formats and is also used for HDR still picture formats. PQ is not backward compatible with the BT.1886 EOTF, while HLG is compatible.

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HDR10+ is a high dynamic range (HDR) video technology that adds dynamic metadata to HDR10 source files. The dynamic metadata are used to adjust and optimize each frame of the HDR video to the consumer display's capabilities in a way based on the content creator's intentions.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Dolby Vision Whitepaper - An introduction to Dolby Vision" (PDF). Dolby. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  2. ↑ "Understanding HDR10 and Dolby Vision". GSMArena.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  3. ↑ "The state of HDR video mid-2017". FlatpanelsHD. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  4. 1 2 "Dolby Vision Whitepaper" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  5. ↑ "Dolby Vision for Content Creators". professional.dolby.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 "Create in Dolby Vision, Now on the Full iPhone 12 Lineup". Professional.Dolby.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  7. ↑ "CES 2014: Dolby Vision promises a brighter future for TV, Netflix and Xbox Video on board". Expert Reviews. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  8. ↑ "HDR Terminology Demystified". FlatpanelsHD. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  9. ↑ Roberts, Becky; February 2021, Tom Parsons 21 (21 February 2021). "Dolby Vision IQ: Everything You Need to Know". whathifi. Retrieved 24 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "Dolby Vision cinema targets & trims FAQs" . Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  11. ↑ "Dolby Vision for Content Creators" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  12. ↑ Dolby Laboratories. "Dolby Vision Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  13. ↑ "SMPTE ST 2094 and Dynamic Metadata" (PDF). Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  14. ↑ Michael Bizzaco; Ryan Waniata; Simon Cohen (19 December 2020). "HDR TV: What it is and why your next TV should have it". Digital Trends . Designtechnica Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  15. 1 2 "Dolby Vision Metadata Levels". Dolby. 23 January 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  16. ↑ "What Is Dolby Vision? Dolby's Own HDR Tech Explained". Pocket-Lint.com. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  17. ↑ "Dolby Vision for Content Creators - Workflows". professional.dolby.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  18. ↑ "Dolby Vision and Independent Filmmaking". Mystery Box. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  19. 1 2 "Dolby Vision Profiles and Levels Version 1.4 - Specification". Dolby. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.[ dead link ]
  20. 1 2 3 4 "What Are Dolby Vision Profiles?". Dolby. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  21. ↑ "Dolby Vision Streams within the ISO Base Media File Format v2.0" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. 12 December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "How to Signal Dolby Vision in ISOBMFF Format (AKA mp4 Container)?". Dolby. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  23. ↑ "Dolby Vision Streams within the HTTP Live Streaming format v2.0" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. 13 November 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  24. ↑ "Dolby Vision Streams within the MPEG-2 Transport Stream Format v1.2" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  25. ↑ "Dolby Vision Streams within the MPEG-DASH format v2.0" (PDF). Dolby Laboratories. 13 November 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dolby Vision for Content Creators - Solutions". Professional.Dolby.com. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  27. ↑ Tim Moynihan (20 January 2016). "What you need to know before buying an HDR TV". Wired . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  28. ↑ Giles Baker (20 September 2016). "Dolby Vision and HDR10: What Format War?". LinkedIn. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  29. ↑ Neikirk, Lee (9 September 2016). "Dolby Says the "HDR Format War" Doesn't Exist". Reviewed.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  30. ↑ "colorspace: add support for Dolby Vision (!207) · Merge requests · VideoLAN / libplacebo". GitLab. 29 November 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  31. ↑ "Release MPC Video Renderer 0.6.9.2117 · Aleksoid1978/VideoRenderer". 7 August 2023 – via GitHub.
  32. ↑ "TV Database". FlatpanelsHD. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  33. ↑ Cruz, Claudia. "LG G6 Is the First Phone to Debut Dolby Vision HDR". CNET. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  34. ↑ Wong, Raymond (22 September 2017). "The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus Don't Really Support True HDR Video Playback". Mashable. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  35. ↑ "Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra review". GSMArena.com. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  36. ↑ "Xiaomi Mi 11 Pro debuts with Snapdragon 888 and Samsung's GN2 50MP sensor". GSMArena.com. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  37. ↑ "Xbox Support". support.xbox.com. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  38. ↑ Sarkar, Samit (28 September 2021). "Dolby Vision Gaming Goes Live on Xbox Series X". Polygon. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  39. ↑ "Ultra HD Blu-ray: Everything You Need to Know". DigitalTrends.com. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  40. ↑ "Cinema-grade video for all: Vimeo supports Dolby Vision for Apple devices". Vimeo. 10 September 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  41. ↑ "Where to watch content in Dolby Vision". dolby.com.
  42. ↑ "【全球首家】杜比视界用户投稿功能上线啦！" [[The World's First] Dolby Vision User Contribution Function Is Online!]. Bilibili.com (in Chinese). 18 August 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  43. ↑ "Release Notes — x265 documentation". x265.readthedocs.io. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  44. 1 2 "Changelogs for K-Lite Mega Codec Pack". 3 August 2023.
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