AVIF

AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)

Filename extension	.avif
Internet media type	image/avif
Developed by	Alliance for Open Media
Initial release	v1.0.0 19 February 2019
Latest release	v1.1.0 15 April 2022
Type of format	Image format Lossless/lossy compression algorithm
Contained by	HEIF
Extended from	HEIF, ISOBMFF, AV1
Open format?	Yes
Website	aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/

AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) is an open, royalty-free image file format specification for storing images or image sequences compressed with AV1 in the HEIF container format. ^{[1] [2]} It competes with HEIC, which uses the same container format built upon ISOBMFF, but HEVC for compression. Version 1.0.0 of the AVIF specification was finalized in February 2019. Version 1.1.0 was finalized in April 2022.

In a number of tests by Netflix in 2020, AVIF showed better compression efficiency than JPEG as well as better detail preservation, fewer blocking artifacts and less color bleeding around hard edges in composites of natural images, text, and graphics. ^[3]

AVIF support is available in all the major web browsers (i.e. over 93% of all web browsers, ^[4] a similar level of support as for WebP it was made to replace).

Features

The AV1 Image File Format supports:

• Multiple color spaces, including:
  • HDR (with PQ ^[5] or HLG transfer functions and BT.2020 color primaries, as part of BT.2100) ^[1]
    • Supports HDR gain map approach, backwards compatible with SDR displays, but no encoder is currently available. ^[6]
  • SDR (with sRGB / BT.709 / BT.601 or with wide color gamut)
  • Color space signaling via CICP (ITU-T H.273 and ISO/IEC 23091-2) or ICC profiles ^[7]
• Lossless compression and lossy compression
• 8-, 10-, and 12-bit color depths ^[7]
• Monochrome (alpha/depth) or multi-components
• 4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4 chroma subsampling and RGB
• Film grain synthesis ^[8]
• Image sequences/animation

Profiles

AVIF specification defines two image profiles: ^[1]

• AVIF Baseline Profile
  • Uses AV1 Main Profile
  • AV1 level is 5.1 or lower
    • Level 5.1 is chosen for the Baseline profile to ensure that no single coded image exceeds 8K resolution, as some decoders may not be able to handle larger images. More precisely, coded image items compliant to the AVIF Baseline profile may not have a total number of pixels greater than 8,912,896, a width greater than 8,192, or a height greater than 4,352. It is still possible to use the Baseline profile to create larger images using grid derivation.
• AVIF Advanced Profile
  • Uses AV1 High Profile
  • AV1 level is 6.0 or lower
    • Coded image items compliant to the AVIF Advanced profile may not have a total number of pixels greater than 35,651,584, a width greater than 16,384, or a height greater than 8,704. It is still possible to use the Advanced profile to create larger images using grid derivation.

Support

On 14 December 2018, Netflix published the first .avif sample images. ^[9] In November 2020, HDR sample images with PQ transfer function and BT.2020 color primaries were published. ^[5]

libavif

Screenshot of avifenc (encoder) command-line tool
Developer(s)	Alliance for Open Media
Stable release	1.1.1 / July 31, 2024;7 months ago (2024-07-31)
Repository	https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/libavif
Written in	C assembly
Operating system	cross-platform
License	BSD 2-Clause License (free software)
Website	aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/

Web browsers

• In August 2020, Google Chrome version 85 was released with full AVIF support. ^[10] Google Chrome 89 for Android adds AVIF support. ^[11]
• In October 2021, Mozilla Firefox 93 was released with default AVIF support. ^[12]
• WebKit added AVIF support on 5 March 2021. Safari for iOS 16 and macOS Ventura added support for AVIF; iOS 16 was released on 12 September 2022 ^[13] and macOS Ventura on 24 October 2022. ^[14] Safari 16.4 retroactively added AVIF support for macOS Monterey and macOS Big Sur. ^[15]
• Microsoft Edge added AVIF support in version 121 released in January 2024. ^[16]

Image viewers

• FastStone Image Viewer (Version 7.8 onwards)
• XnView
• gThumb
• Eye of GNOME
• GNOME's Loupe ^[17]
• ImageMagick ^[18]
• IrfanView (read only) ^[19]
• Gwenview ^[20]
• digiKam 7.7.0 ^[21]
• Preview and Photos apps on iOS 16, iPadOS 16 and macOS 13.
• ImageGlass (read+write) ^[22]

Media players

• VLC will read AVIF files starting with version 4, which is still in development. ^[23]

Image editors

• Paint.NET added support for opening AVIF files in September 2019, ^[24] and the ability to save AVIF format images in an August 2020 update. ^[25]
• The Colorist format conversion and Darktable RAW image data have each released support for and provide reference implementations of libavif.
• GIMP added Native AVIF import and export in October 2020. ^[26]
• IrfanView 4.57, released on 13 January 2021, added read-only AVIF support via its plugins. ^{[27] [28] [29]}
• Krita 5.0, released on 23 December 2021, added AVIF support. The support also includes Rec.2100 HDR AVIF images. ^{[30] [31]}
• Adobe Illustrator (May 2022 release) added AVIF support. ^[32]
• Pixelmator Pro 3.1, released on 2 November 2022, added initial AVIF support. ^[33]
• Adobe Lightroom 7.0 (October 2023 release) and Lightroom Classic 13 (October 2023 release) added HDR capabilities, including opening and saving photos in AVIF format. ^{[34] [35]}
• PhotoLine 24, released 30 June 2023, added AVIF support.
• ACDSee Photo Studio 2025, released September 2024 ^[36]

Image libraries

• libavif – portable library for encoding and decoding AVIF files.
• libheif – ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017 HEIF and AVIF decoder and encoder.
• SAIL – format-agnostic library with support of AVIF implemented on top of libavif.
• FFmpeg
• AVIF and HEIC unit - Delphi/Lazarus wrapper for libavif

Operating systems

• Windows – Microsoft announced support with the Windows 10, version 1903 preview release, including support in File Explorer, Paint, and multiple APIs, together with sample images.
• Android – Android 12, released on 4 October 2021, added native support for AVIF. ^[37]
• Linux – AVIF is widely supported in Linux distributions. With the release of libavif 0.8.0 in July 2020, which added a GdkPixbuf plugin, AVIF support is present in most GNOME/GTK applications. ^[38] The KDE Frameworks added support for AVIF to the "KImageFormats" library in January 2021, enabling most KDE/Qt applications to support viewing and saving AVIF images. ^[39] Nomacs 3.16 adds support for AVIF viewing and conversion. Nomacs appimage is also for older Linux.
• Apple platforms – iOS 16, iPadOS 16 and macOS Ventura natively support AVIF. AVIF images can be directly viewed in the Finder, with QuickLook, in the iOS Files app, etc.

Websites

• Cloudflare announced AVIF support in a blog post on 3 October 2020. ^[40]
• Vimeo announced AVIF support in a blog post on 3 June 2021. ^[41]
• Joomla 5 includes AVIF support. ^[42]
• WordPress 6.5 added AVIF support. ^[43]
• Wikimedia Commons does not support in 2024, see the ticket.
• Wikipedia does not support AVIF
• GitHub: no support, see related page

Programming languages

• PHP has had AVIF support in its GD extension since PHP version 8.1. ^[44]
• Perl has support via the Imager library suite ^[45]

Others

• ExifTool has supported AVIF format for reading and writing EXIF since version 11.79 (released 12 December 2019).
• scrot supports through Imlib2 ^[46]
• Discord has officially supported AVIF since 12 March 2025 ^[47]

References

1. "AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)". AOMediaCodec.GitHub.io. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
2. "AVIF: Meet the Next Level Image File Format | Alliance for Open Media".
3. Mavlankar, Aditya; De Cock, Jan; Concolato, Cyril; Swanson, Kyle; Moorthy, Anush; Aaron, Anne (13 February 2020). "AVIF for Next-Generation Image Coding". The Netflix Tech Blog. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
4. "AVIF image format | Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc". caniuse.com. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
5. "av1-avif/testFiles/Netflix/avif/README.md at master · joedrago/av1-avif". GitHub. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
6. Benz, Greg (24 August 2022). "JPG Gain Maps: Share great images with everyone". Greg Benz Photography. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
7. Concolato, Cyril (14 October 2019). "AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)" (PDF). AOMedia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
8. "Film Grain Synthesis for AV1 Video Codec" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
9. "Netflix AV1 Encodes Readme". Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
10. Abrams, Lawrence (25 August 2020). "Chrome 85 released with security fixes, app shortcuts, AVIF support". Bleeping Computer . Archived from the original on 26 August 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
11. "Chrome 89 Beta: Advanced Hardware Interactions, Web Sharing on Desktop, and More". Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
12. "Firefox 93.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". Mozilla. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
13. "WebKit Features in Safari 16.0". 12 September 2022.
14. "MacOS Ventura is now available".
15. "Safari 16.4 Beta Release Notes".
16. dan-wesley (26 January 2024). "Microsoft Edge release notes for Stable Channel". learn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
17. "README.md · main · GNOME / Loupe · GitLab". gitlab.gnome.org. 22 December 2023.
18. "ImageMagick AVIF support". Github. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
19. "IrfanView AVIF support". IrfanView. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
20. "416941 – AVIF image support". bugs.kde.org. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
21. "DigiKam 7.7.0 is Released". 26 June 2022.
22. "ImageGlass AVIF support" . Retrieved 4 May 2024.
23. "no display of .avif files with dav1d decoder (#21568) · Issues · VideoLAN / VLC". GitLab. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
24. "paint.net 4.2.2 is now available!". paint.net blog. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
25. "paint.net 4.2.14 alpha build 7542". 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
26. "GIMP 2.10.22 Released". GIMP.org. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
27. "History of IrfanView Changes/Versions (for version 4.57, lists release date of January 13, 2021, and doesn't mention AVIF but says there were numerous changes not mentioned and suggests looking at plugins page for more info)". 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
28. "IrfanView Plugins 4.56 (AVIF not mentioned as supported anywhere)". 10 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
29. "IrfanView Plugins 4.57 (AVIF explicitly mentioned as supported)". 18 January 2021. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
30. "Krita 5.0 released!". 23 December 2021.
31. Foundation, Krita. "Krita 5.0 Release Notes".
32. "Feature summary – Illustrator (May 2022 release)". 28 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
33. "Pixelmator Pro 3.1 adds support for macOS 13, AVIF images, introduces smooth corner style, and more".
34. "HDR Optimization". Adobe Inc.
35. "Edit and Export in HDR". Adobe Inc.
36. Andrea, ACDSee. "What's New | ACDSee Photo Studio". ACDSee Photo Studio Software | Photo Editing, Photo Management, Photo Editor, Digital Photography, Digital Asset Management, DAM. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
37. Burke, Dave (4 October 2021). "Android 12 Is Live in AOSP!". Android-Developers.GoogleBlog.com. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
38. "Add a gdk-pixbuf Module by Linkmauve". GitHub.
39. "KDE Ships Frameworks 5.78.0". KDE.org. 9 January 2021.
40. "AVIF image format supported by Cloudflare Image Resizing". The Cloudflare Blog. 3 October 2020. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
41. "Upgrading Images on Vimeo". 2 June 2021. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
42. "Joomla! Issue Tracker | Joomla! CMS #41381 - [5.0] AVIF support for media manager". Joomla! Issue Tracker.
43. "WordPress 6.5 adds AVIF support". 23 February 2024.
44. "PHP 8.1: GD: AVIF image support". PHP.Watch. 14 June 2021. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
45. "Perl: Imager support". 11 July 2023.
46. "README: "Support for multiple image formats: JPG, PNG, GIF, and others." please specify if you support webp, avif · Issue #397 · resurrecting-open-source-projects/scrot". GitHub. Retrieved 5 January 2025. We rely on Imlib2 for image support. And Imlib2 allows you to enable/disable format support at build time. So the formats supported by scrot depends on your system Imlib2
47. Kidder, Scott (12 March 2025). "Modern Image Formats at Discord: Supporting WebP and AVIF". Discord Blog. Retrieved 13 March 2025.