Eastern Indonesia

Last updated
Eastern Indonesia
Kawasan Timur Indonesia [1]
Indonesia Timur(in Indonesian)
Pulau Piaynemo, Raja Ampat.jpg
Clitoria ternatea en un jardin Venezolano.jpg
Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, 2022.jpg
Maluku dishes.jpg
From upper-left to lower-right:
Diving experience in Piaynemo Island of Raja Ampat,
Clitoria ternatea (the native flower of Ternate Island),
Pura Ulun Danu Bratan, Bali (Bali's most popular Hindu temple)
Papeda (the staple food of Eastern Indonesia)
Map of Eastern Indonesia.png
Eastern Region of Indonesia
Largest city Makassar
Provinces17 Provinces
Demonym Eastern Indonesians [2]
Time zones UTC+8 (Central Indonesia Time)
UTC+9 (Eastern Indonesia Time)

Eastern Indonesia (or East Indonesia) [3] is one of the two main geographical regions of Indonesia, the other being Western Indonesia. [1] Eastern Indonesia spans across the Banda and Maluku Seas in the west, the Arafura and Timor Seas in the south, and the Halmahera Sea in the north. It comprises the archipelagic territory of Tanimbar, Banda, Maluku, [4] Halmahera, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Western New Guinea. Central Indonesian Time and Eastern Indonesia Time are the national standard time designated for Eastern Indonesia; it falls within the UTC+8 and UTC+9 time zone, respectively.

Contents

Eastern Indonesia borders Southern Philippines in the Northwest, Palau in the North, Western Papua New Guinea in the East, and Northern Australia in the South.

History and background

During the last stages of the Dutch colonial era, the area east of Java and Kalimantan was known as the Great East and later known as Eastern Indonesia. After Denpasar Conference, on 24 December 1946, the State of East Indonesia was formed covering the same area, excluding Western New Guinea, previously included during Malino Conference. It was a component of the United States of Indonesia, and was dissolved into the unitary Republic of Indonesia in 17 August 1950. [5] Currently, Eastern Indonesia consists of 17 provinces: Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua. [6] [7] [8]

Geography

Climate

In Eastern Indonesia, the days are generally dry and sunny from October through March with the warm tropical rain season occurring between May and August; temperatures are typically in the 27 °C (81 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F) range throughout the year. [4]

Administration

Geographical units of Indonesia Geographical units of Indonesia.svg
Geographical units of Indonesia

Administratively, Eastern Indonesia consists of four main geographical units, namely the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku Islands and Papua.

ISO 3166-2 CodesGeographical unit Provinces Population
(mid-2022) [9]
Largest cityHighest point
  ID-NU
Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands) Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara 15,355,100 Denpasar Mount Rinjani

3,726 m (12,224 ft)

  ID-SL
Sulawesi Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi 20,304,400 Makassar Latimojong

3,478 m (11,411 ft)

  ID-ML
Maluku Islands Maluku and North Maluku 3,201,000 Ambon Mount Binaiya
3,027 m (9,931 ft)
  ID-PP
Papua Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua 5,601,900 Jayapura Puncak Jaya
4,884 m (16,024 ft)

Economy

Seaweed farming has traditionally been a common commercial activity along the coasts of Eastern Indonesia; however, in the 2020s climate change in Indonesia has been causing seaweed farmers in Eastern Indonesia to lose revenue and harvests. [10] In the consumer shopping industry, Eastern Indonesia experienced a rapid increase in online shopping in the 2020s, with overall transactions in the region doubling from 2020 to 2021; this growth has been led by Indonesian e-commerce company Tokopedia, with the top product types sold in the region being health and beauty, fashion, food and beverage, and electronics. [11]

Demographics

Largest cities

The following are the four largest cities in Eastern Indonesia by population:

Largest cities in Eastern Indonesia [12]
No.CityProvincePopulationImage
1. Makassar South Sulawesi 1.571.814 Tanjung Bunga.jpg
2. Denpasar Bali 725.314 Aerial view of Bajra Sandhi Monument Denpasar Bali Indonesia.jpg
3. Manado North Sulawesi 478.192 Manado Waterfront.JPG
4. Kupang East Nusa Tenggara 442.758 Sasando Building Kupang.jpg
5. Mataram West Nusa Tenggara 452.812 Hubbul Wathan Islamic Center.jpg
6. Jayapura Papua 398.478 Jayapura1.JPG
7. Palu Central Sulawesi 373.218 Palu Landscape (Bridge Yellow) - panoramio (1).jpg
8. Ambon Maluku 347.288 Jembatan Merah Putih Kota Ambon.jpg
9. Kendari Southeast Sulawesi 347.381 Masjid Al-Alam Kendari (3).jpg
10. Sorong Southwest Papua 284.410 Sorong view-1.jpg

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Indonesia</span>

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia and Oceania, lying between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes connecting East Asia, South Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. Indonesia's various regional cultures have been shaped—although not specifically determined—by centuries of complex interactions with its physical environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maluku Islands</span> Archipelago in eastern Indonesia

The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Lying within Wallacea, the Moluccas have been considered a geographical and cultural intersection of Asia and Oceania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provinces of Indonesia</span>

Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia. It is formerly called the first-level provincial region before the Reform era. Provinces have a local government, consisting of a governor and a regional legislative body. The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to the limits of the central government. The average land area of all 38 provinces in Indonesia is about 50,120.23 km2 (19,351.53 sq mi), and an average population of about 7,345,233 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Nusa Tenggara</span> Province of Indonesia

West Nusa Tenggara is a province of Indonesia. It comprises the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the exception of Bali which is its own province. The province's land area is 19,931.45 km2. The two largest islands by far in the province are the smaller but much more populated Lombok in the west and the much larger in area but much less densely populated Sumbawa island in the east. Mataram, on Lombok, is the capital and largest city of the province. It shares maritime borders with Bali to the west and East Nusa Tenggara to the east.

In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies</span> Research institute in Leiden

The KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies at Leiden was founded in 1851. Its objective is the advancement of the study of the anthropology, linguistics, social sciences, and history of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Area, and the Caribbean. Special emphasis is laid on the former Dutch colonies of the Dutch East Indies, Suriname, and the Dutch West Indies. Its unique collection of books, manuscripts, prints and photographs attracts visiting scholars from all over the world. On July 1, 2014, the management of the collection was taken over by Leiden University Libraries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bima</span> City in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Bima city is a city on the east of the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia's province of West Nusa Tenggara.The city is located on the east side of the Bima sound. It is the largest city on the island of Sumbawa, with a population of 142,443 at the 2010 census and 155,140 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 161,362. It is separate from the adjoining Regency of Bima which had a population of 535,530 according to the mid-2023 official estimates.

This is a list of some of the regions of Indonesia. Many regions are defined in law or regulations by the central government. At different times of Indonesia's history, the nation has been designated as having regions that do not necessarily correlate to the current administrative or physical geography of the territory of the nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Indonesia</span> Overview of and topical guide to Indonesia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Indonesia:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of National Development Planning</span> Indonesian ministry

The Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency is a ministry of the Republic of Indonesia that has the task to oversee government affairs in the field of national development planning to assist the President in organizing state government. The minister is responsible to the President. The Ministry of National Development Planning uses organizational units and resources within the National Development Planning Agency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Cornelis Anceaux</span> Dutch linguist

Johannes Cornelis Anceaux was a Dutch linguist and anthropologist known for his extensive work on Papuan and Austronesian languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Indonesia)</span> Ministry of the Indonesian government

The Ministry of Public Works and Housing, is an Indonesian government ministry that is responsible for public works and public housing.

The Higher Education Services Institutes is a system of institutions formed by the Indonesian government to provide guidance to the universities in its area of responsibility, either the university is private or public university, inside the jurisdiction of Indonesia. For the most of its existence, the system was placed under the Ministry of Education and Culture, before transferred to Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education during Joko Widodo's first cabinet. It was briefly returned to the Ministry of Education and Culture, before transferred again to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology after second reshuffle of his second cabinet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development</span> Indonesian Government Agricultural Research and Development Agency

The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development(Indonesian: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, abbreviated as Balitbangtan) abbreviated in English as IAARD was a supporting unit of the Ministry of Agriculture which is responsible for state research, development, and innovation in the field of agriculture in Indonesia.

References

  1. 1 2 "Jejak Lensa Pembangunan Perhubungan Papua, NTB, NTT Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia". Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-04-22.
  2. Williams, Catharina Purwani (2007). Maiden Voyages: Eastern Indonesian Women on the Move. Netherlands: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) Press. p. 211. ISBN   9789812303943.
  3. "President Jokowi: East Indonesia Will Be Able to Expand Rapidly, Need Supported by Infrastructure". Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. 2015.
  4. 1 2 Lonne, Torben (March 23, 2018). "Essential guide to remote travel in eastern Indonesia". The Jakarta Post . Jakarta . Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  5. Ricklefs 2008, pp. 362, 374.
  6. Media, Kompas Cyber (6 March 2012). "13 Provinsi di Indonesia Timur Gelar Konsultasi Regional - Kompas.com".
  7. Agency, ANTARA News. "BI Catat Bali Raih Inflasi Terendah KTI - ANTARA News Bali".
  8. "Bawaslu Siap Kelola Keuangan Pilkada 2018 Secara Akuntabel - Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia". bawaslu.go.id.
  9. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
  10. Barends, Jaya (July 23, 2023). "Seaweed farmers in eastern Indonesia struggle in a changing climate". Mongabay . West Seram . Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  11. Paramitha, Pradna (December 29, 2021). "Western, central, and eastern Indonesia show diverse trends in online shopping behavior". Jakarta: The Jakarta Post . Retrieved November 6, 2023.
  12. Indonesia

Bibliography