Echinacea (animal)

Echinacea Temporal range: Lower Jurassic–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Echinus melo
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Infraclass:	Carinacea
Superorder:	Echinacea Claus, 1876
Orders
(See text)

The Echinacea are a superorder of sea urchins. They are distinguished by the presence of a rigid test, with ten buccal plates around the mouth, and solid spines. Unlike some other sea urchins, they also possess gills. The group is a large one, with species found worldwide.

Child taxa

According to World Register of Marine Species: ^[1]

• Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900) -- 1 extant family and 2 fossils
• Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912)
  • Infraorder Echinidea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 5 extant families
  • Infraorder Temnopleuridea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 extant families and 2 fossils
• Order Stomopneustoida (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 extant families and 1 fossil
• Family Glyphopneustidae Smith & Wright, 1993 †

• 
  Arbacia lixula ,
  an Arbacioida
• 
  Paracentrotus lividus ,
  an Echinidea
• 
  Temnopleurus toreumaticus ,
  a Temnopleuridea
• 
  Stomopneustes variolaris ,
  a Stomopneustoida

References

1. "Echinacea WoRMS taxon details". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 29 July 2014.

• Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 980. ISBN   0-03-056747-5.
• Kroh, A.; Smith, A.B. (2010). "The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids" . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 147–212. doi: 10.1080/14772011003603556 .