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Company type | Public |
---|---|
TSX: ENB NYSE: ENB S&P/TSX 60 Component | |
Industry | Oil and gas |
Founded | April 30, 1949 (as Interprovincial Pipe Line Company) |
Founder | Imperial Oil |
Headquarters | , Canada |
Area served | Canada United States United Kingdom Germany France |
Key people | Gregory L. Ebel (CEO) |
Services | Pipeline transport Oil storage Natural Gas Distribution Renewable Energy |
Revenue | C$43,649 billion(2023) [1] |
C$8.651 billion(2023) [1] | |
C$6.058 billion (2023) [1] | |
Total assets | C$180.317 billion(2023) [1] |
Total equity | C$61.454 billion(2023) [1] |
Number of employees | 13,400+ [1] |
Subsidiaries | Enbridge Pipelines Enbridge Gas Inc. |
Website | enbridge |
Enbridge Inc. is a multinational pipeline and energy company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Enbridge owns and operates pipelines throughout Canada and the United States, transporting crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, and also generates renewable energy. Enbridge's pipeline system is the longest in North America and the largest oil export pipeline network in the world. [2] Its crude oil system consists of 28,661 kilometres (17,809 miles) of pipelines. [3] [4] Its 38,300 kilometre (23,800 mile) natural gas pipeline system connects multiple Canadian provinces, several US states, and the Gulf of Mexico. [5] The company was formed by Imperial Oil in 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company Limited to transport Alberta oil to refineries. Over time, it has grown through acquisition of other existing pipeline companies and the expansion of their projects.
Enbridge has been responsible for several oil spills, including a spill on Line 3, which was the largest inland oil spill in the US. Opposition to Enbridge projects has resulted in several popular uprisings, most notably the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, and the Stop Line 3 protests.
The company was initially incorporated by Imperial Oil as Interprovincial Pipe Line Company (IPL) on April 30, 1949, after Canada's first major oil discovery, in 1947, at Leduc, Alberta. [6] [7] [8] In the same year, the company built its first oil pipeline from Leduc to Regina, Saskatchewan. [6] [8] In 1950, it was expanded through Gretna, Manitoba, to Superior, Wisconsin, in the United States. [6] To operate the United States portion of the pipeline, the Lakehead Pipe Line Company (now Enbridge Energy Partners) was created. In 1953, the pipeline was expanded to Sarnia, Ontario, and in 1956 to Toronto and Buffalo, New York. [6]
In 1953, IPL was listed on the Toronto and Montreal stock exchanges. [6] In 1983, IPL built the Norman Wells pipeline and joined Frontier Pipeline Company. [6] In 1986, through a series of stakes exchanges, IPL gained control of Home Oil and in 1988, it changed its name to Interhome Energy Inc. [6] [9] In 1991, it changed its name to Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. [9]
In 1992, Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. was acquired by Interprovincial Pipe Line System Inc., which changed its name to IPL Energy Inc. in 1994, after the acquisition of Consumers' Gas (now Enbridge Gas Inc.) and diversification into the gas distribution business. [6] [9] In addition, it acquired stakes in AltaGas Services and the electric utility of Cornwall, Ontario. [6] Through the 1990s, the company expanded its gas pipeline network and acquired a stake in the Chicap oil pipeline. It also built the Athabasca Pipeline from northeastern Alberta to the main pipeline system. [6] In 1995, the company expanded its activities outside of North America by taking a stake in the Ocensa pipeline. This stake was sold in 2009. [10] IPL Energy became Enbridge Inc in 1998. [9] The Enbridge name is a portmanteau from "energy" and "bridge". [6]
In the 2000s, Enbridge introduced several large projects. Enbridge made their first investment into renewable energy in 2002 with the purchase of a wind farm. [11] [12] In 2006, it announced the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines Project from Athabasca to Kitimat, British Columbia. [13] The same year, it announced the Alberta Clipper pipeline project from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin, to connect oil sands production area with the existing network. This pipeline became operational in 2010. [14]
In 2009, Enbridge bought the Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant and expanded it up to 80 MW, which was the world's largest photovoltaic power station at that time. [15] [16]
In January 2017, Enbridge acquired Midcoast Energy Partners for $170 million in cash, and later in 2018, ArcLight acquired Midcoast Operating, L.P. from Enbridge for $1.1 billion. [17] [18]
Enbridge released its first annual sustainability report in 2001, and in November 2020, Enbridge expanded its environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals and targets. [19] [20] The company aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with an interim target to reduce emissions intensity by 35% by 2030. [21] That same year, President and CEO Al Monaco said that renewable power is now "the fourth Enbridge platform." [22] Enbridge's ESG goals also aim to diversify its workforce with 28% representation from racial and ethnic groups and 40% from women by 2025. [23]
In 2021, Enbridge was recognized as one of Canada's top 100 employers for the 18th time, and as one of Canada's best diversity employers for the seventh time. [24]
In September 2023, it was announced Enbridge had agreed to acquire East Ohio Gas, Questar Gas, and Public Service Co. of North Carolina, from Dominion Energy for a total enterprise value worth $14 billion. [25] [26] The acquisition will result in Enbridge being the largest natural gas utility franchise in North America. [27]
On September 6, 2016, Enbridge agreed to buy Spectra Energy in an all-stock deal valued at about $28 billion. [28] Spectra, headquartered in Houston, Texas, operated in three key areas of the natural gas industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing. Spectra was formed in late 2006 as a spin-off from Duke Energy. Spectra owned the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline transporting gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas to the New York City area; TETCo was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States. [29] Spectra also operated three oil pipelines, numerous other gas pipelines and was proposing to build still 3 more gas pipelines in the U.S. [30] The merger was completed on February 27, 2017. [31]
The company is the largest transporter of crude oil in Canada with 3 million barrels per day of oil and liquids. [8] The Enbridge Pipeline System is the world's longest crude oil and liquids pipeline system, with 27,564 km (17,127 mi) of active crude pipeline in both Canada and the United States. [32] This pipeline network delivers 3 million barrels of oil per day. [33]
Enbridge delivered more than 3.77 billion barrels of crude oil in 2020, and more than 29.5 billion barrels over the past decade, from 2011 through 2020 inclusive. [34]
Enbridge has several new capacities and expansion projects, including the expansion of the Alberta Clipper, replacing of Line 6B, reversal of Line 9 and others. [35] Its Light Oil Market Access initiative is a project to deliver light crude oil from North Dakota and Western Canada to refineries in Ontario, Quebec, and the U.S. Midwest. Eastern Access, including a reversal of Line 9, is a project to deliver oil to Western Canada and Bakken to refineries in Eastern Canada and the midwest and eastern U.S. [35] [36] Western Gulf Coast Access, including reversal and expansion of the Seaway Pipeline and the Flanagan South Pipeline, is a plan to connect Canadian heavy oil supply to refineries along the Gulf Coast of the United States. [37] [38]
Enbridge's oil pipelines cross North America, with 13,833 km (8,672 mi) of active pipe in the United States and 13,681 km (8500 mi) of active pipe in Canada. [34] The list below outlines eight of those lines.
Enbridge's pipelines transport 20% of the natural gas consumed in the United States. It owns and operates Canada's largest natural gas distribution network, providing distribution services in Ontario and Quebec. [41] Union Gas in Ontario now fully operates under Enbridge Gas Inc. In Quebec, Enbridge has interest ownership in Gazifère. [42]
Enbridge builds, owns and operates a network of natural gas transmission pipelines across North America, connecting the continent's prolific natural gas supply to major markets in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and further abroad. [43]
Enbridge's natural gas network currently covers 38,375 km (23,850 mi) across five Canadian provinces, 30 U.S. states, and offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, transporting roughly 16.2 Bcf (billions of cubic feet per day) of natural gas. [44]
DCP Midstream is a joint venture between Enbridge and Phillips 66. Phillips 66 is one of the largest petroleum services companies in the US, owning and operating 39 natural gas plants and 51,000 miles of gathering pipe. [58] Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, DCP operates a portfolio of natural gas gathering, logistics, marketing and processing services across nine states. [59]
Enbridge made its first investment into renewable energy in 2002 with the purchase of a wind farm. [60] [61] To date Enbridge has invested in 23 wind farms, 7 solar energy projects, 5 waste heat recovery facilities, 1 geothermal project, 1 power transmission project and 1 hydroelectric facility. [62]
Enbridge has a growing interest in European offshore wind energy, and its renewable assets are part of the company's plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. [63] [64]
In 2020, President and CEO Al Monaco said that renewable power is now "the fourth Enbridge platform." [22]
Project | Generation Capacity | Equipment | Location | Status | In-Service Date | Enbridge Ownership |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offshore Wind Assets | ||||||
Normandy Offshore (Centre Manche 1) | 900-1,050 MW | TBD | Normandy, France | Planned | Expected 2028 | 25.5% |
Hohe See Offshore | 497 MW | 71 Turbines | North Sea, Germany | Operational | October 2019 | 25.5% |
Fécamp Offshore | 497 MW | 71 Turbines | Fécamp, France | Operational | May 2024 | 17.9% |
Saint-Nazaire Offshore | 480 MW | 80 Turbines | Bay of Biscay, France | Operational | November 2022 | 25.5% |
Calvados Offshore | 448 MW | 64 Turbines | Bessin, France | Under Construction | Expected 2025 | 21.7% |
Rampion Offshore | 400 MW | 116 Turbines | English Channel, United Kingdom | Operational | November 2018 | 24.9% |
Albatross Offshore | 112 MW | 16 Turbines | North Sea, Germany | Operational | January 2020 | 25.4% |
Provence Grand Large | 24 MW | 3 Turbines | Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône, France | Under Construction | TBD | 25% |
Onshore Wind Assets | ||||||
Blackspring Ridge | 301 MW | 166 Turbines | Alberta, Canada | Operational | May 2014 | 25.5% |
Lac-Alfred Wind | 300 MW | 150 Turbines | Quebec, Canada | Operational | August 2013 | 50% |
Cedar Point Wind | 252 MW | 139 Turbines | Colorado, United States | Operational | September 2011 | 51% |
Chapman Ranch | 249 MW | 81 Turbines | Texas, United States | Operational | October 2017 | 100% |
Magic Valley I Wind | 203 MW | 112 Turbines | Texas, United States | Operational | September 2012 | 80% |
Wildcat Wind | 202 MW | 125 Turbines | Indiana, United States | Operational | December 2012 | 80% |
Ontario Wind Power | 190 MW | 115 Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | November 2008 | 51% |
Underwood Wind | 181.5 MW | 110 Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | February 2009 | 51% |
Massif du Sud | 154 MW | 75 Turbines | Quebec, Canada | Operational | January 2013 | 40.8% |
Keechi Wind | 110 MW | 55 Turbines | Texas, United States | Operational | January 2015 | 51% |
New Creek Wind | 102 MW | 49 Turbines | West Virginia, United States | Operational | December 2016 | 100% |
Greenwich Wind | 99 MW | 43 Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | November 2011 | 51% |
Talbot Wind Energy | 99 MW | 43 Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | December 2010 | 51% |
Saint-Robert Bellarmin | 82 MW | 40 Turbines | Quebec, Canada | Operational | October 2012 | 25.5% |
Chin Chute Wind | 30 MW | 20 Turbines | Alberta, Canada | Operational | November 2006 | 17% |
Magrath Wind | 30 MW | 20 Turbines | Alberta, Canada | Operational | September 2004 | 17% |
Cruickshank Wind | 8.3 MW | 5 Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | September 2008 | 51% |
Solar Assets | ||||||
Cowboy Solar & Battery Storage | 771 MW | TBD | Wyoming, United States | Planned | Expected 2027 | TBD |
Fox Squirrel Solar | 577 MW | TBD | Ohio, United States | Under Construction | Expected 2024 | 50% |
Orange Grove Solar | 130 MW | 300,000 Panels | Texas, United States | Under Construction | Expected 2025 | 100% |
Sarnia Solar | 80 MW | 1,300,000 Panels | Ontario, Canada | Operational | September 2010 | 51% |
Silver State North | 52 MW | 800,000 Panels | Nevada, United States | Operational | May 2012 | 51% |
Amherstburg II Solar | 15 MW | 244,000 Panels | Ontario, Canada | Operational | September 2011 | 51% |
Portage Solar | 11.8 MW | 36,000 Panels | Wisconsin, United States | Operational | June 2023 | 100% |
Alberta Solar One | 10.5 MW | 36,000 Panels | Alberta, Canada | Operational | April 2021 | 100% |
Flanagan Solar | 10 MW | - | Illinois, United States | Operational | June 2023 | 100% |
Tompkinsville Solar | 9.6 MW | TBD | Kentucky, United States | Planned | TBD | 100% |
Adams Solar | 8.3 MW | 25,000 Panels | Wisconsin, United States | Operational | June 2023 | 100% |
Bedford Solar | 6.8 MW | TBD | Pennsylvania, United States | Planned | TBD | 100% |
Wheelersburg Solar | 5.3 MW | TBD | Ohio, United States | Planned | TBD | 100% |
Tilbury Solar | 5 MW | 82,500 Panels | Ontario, Canada | Operational | September 2011 | 51% |
Heidlersberg Solar | 2.5 MW | 8,190 Panels | Pennsylvania, United States | Operational | May 2021 | 100% |
Lambertville Solar | 2.3 MW | 7,236 Panels | New Jersey, United States | Operational | November 2020 | 100% |
Hydroelectric Assets | ||||||
Wasdell Falls | 1.6 MW | 3 VLH Turbines | Ontario, Canada | Operational | December 2015 | 50% |
Geothermal Assets | ||||||
Neal Hot Springs | 22 MW | 3 Geothermal Modules | Oregon, United States | Operational | August 2013 | 40% |
In February, 2020, Enbridge sold its shares of Montana-Alberta Tie-Line (MATL) to Berkshire Hathaway Energy. The MATL project is a 300-megawatt (MW), 230-kilovolt (kV) electrical transmission line allowing movement of power between Alberta and Montana. The MATL project, which was placed in service the fall of 2013, supports ongoing development of a rich wind-powered generation resource and allows electrical energy to flow in both directions. The transmission line is 210 miles (345 km) long and runs between the Lethbridge, Alberta area and the Great Falls, Montana area. Roughly one third of the line is in Canada and two thirds in the U.S. [66] [67]
Enbridge Gas Inc. was formed on January 1, 2019, with the combination of Enbridge Gas Distribution and Union Gas. [68] Its network consists of 5,471 km of gas transmission lines, 66,787 km of gas distribution service lines, and 78,214 km of gas distribution main lines. [69]
They deliver to over 15 million people in Ontario and Quebec through 3.8 million residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional meter connections and distribute roughly 2.3 bcf/d of natural gas. [70] Additionally, in southwestern Ontario they have the largest integrated underground storage facility in Canada, and one of North America's top natural gas trading hubs. [71]
Enbridge's natural gas distribution also includes interest ownership in two additional natural gas distributors. This includes Gazfiére, serving people in Outaouais region of Quebec, [72] and Ènergir LP, a company that operates gas transmission, gas distribution, and power distribution throughout Quebec and Vermont. [42]
In September 2023, Enbridge agreed to acquire three natural gas utility companies from Dominion Energy for $14 billion. The companies include the East Ohio Gas Company, Questar Gas Company, and the Public Service Company of North Carolina. These companies serve 3 million customers in the states of Ohio, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, and North Carolina. Upon completion of the acquisition, Enbridge Gas Inc. will become the largest natural gas utility in North America supplying 9 bcf/d to 7 million customers. [73] [74]
Enbridge's pipeline was responsible for the largest inland oil spill in the United States [75] in 1991, when 1,700,000 U.S. gal (6,400 m3) of oil ruptured from a buried pipeline in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, spilling crude into a wetland and a tributary of the Mississippi River. [75]
Using data from Enbridge's own reports, the Polaris Institute calculated that 804 spills occurred on Enbridge pipelines between 1999 and 2010. These spills released approximately 161,475 barrels (25,672.5 m3) of crude oil into the environment. [76]
On July 4, 2002, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured in a marsh near the town of Cohasset, Minnesota, in Itasca County, spilling 6,000 barrels (950 m3) of crude oil. In an attempt to keep the oil from contaminating the Mississippi River, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources set a controlled burn that lasted for one day and created a smoke plume about 1-mile (1.6 km) high and 5 miles (8.0 km) long. [77]
In 2006, there were 67 reportable spills totaling 5,663 barrels (900.3 m3) on Enbridge's energy and transportation and distribution system; in 2007 there were 65 reportable spills totalling 13,777 barrels (2,190.4 m3). [78] On March 18, 2006, approximately 613 barrels (97.5 m3) of crude oil were released when a pump failed at Enbridge's Willmar terminal in Saskatchewan. [79] According to Enbridge, roughly half the oil was recovered.
On January 1, 2007, an Enbridge pipeline that runs from Superior, Wisconsin to near Whitewater, Wisconsin cracked open and spilled ~50,000 US gallons (190 m3) of crude oil onto farmland and into a drainage ditch. [80] The same pipeline was struck by construction crews on February 2, 2007, in Rusk County, Wisconsin, spilling ~201,000 US gallons (760 m3) of crude, of which about 87,000 U.S. gal (330 m3) were recovered. Some of the oil filled a hole more than 20 feet (6.1 m) deep and contaminated the local water table. [81] [82]
In April 2007, roughly 6,227 barrels (990.0 m3) of crude oil spilled into a field downstream of an Enbridge pumping station near Glenavon, Saskatchewan. [79]
In January 2009, an Enbridge pipeline leaked about 4,000 barrels (640 m3) of oil southeast of Fort McMurray at the company's Cheecham Terminal tank farm. Most of the spilled oil was contained within berms but about 1% of the oil, about 40 barrels (6.4 m3), sprayed into the air and coated nearby snow and trees. [83]
On January 2, 2010, Enbridge's Line 2 ruptured near Neche, North Dakota, releasing about 3,784 barrels of crude oil, of which 2,237 barrels (355.7 m3) was recovered. [82] [84] In April 2010, an Enbridge pipeline ruptured spilling more than 9.5 barrels (1.51 m3) of oil in Virden, Manitoba. This oil leaked into the Boghill Creek, which eventually connects to the Assiniboine River. [85]
In the July 2010 Kalamazoo River oil spill, a leaking pipeline spilled more than 1,000,000 US gallons (3,800 m3) of oil sands crude oil into Talmadge Creek leading to the Kalamazoo River in southwest Michigan on July 26, near Marshall, Michigan. [86] [87] A United States Environmental Protection Agency update of the Kalamazoo River spill concluded the pipeline rupture "caused the largest inland oil spill in Midwest history" and reported the cost of the cleanup at $36.7 million (US) as of November 14, 2011. [86] PHMSA raised concerns in a Corrective Action Order (CAO) about numerous anomalies that had been detected on this pipeline by internal line inspection tools, yet Enbridge had failed to check a number of those anomalies in the field. [88] The Michigan spill affected more than 31 miles (50 km) of waterways and wetlands and about 320 people reported symptoms from crude oil exposure. [89] The National Transportation Safety Board said at $800 million, it was the costliest onshore spill cleanup in U.S. history. [90] The NTSB found Enbridge knew of a defect in the pipeline five years before it burst. [91] In June 2013, a Kalamazoo man lodged himself into an Enbridge pipeline in Marshall, MI to protest Enbridge's lack of accountability for the 2010 spill and to encourage landowners along Enbridge's Line 6B expansion to offer increased resistance to construction in 2013. [92] [93] In 2014, Enbridge completed cleanup of the river per the EPA's order. [94]
On September 9, 2010, a broken water line caused a rupture on Enbridge's Line 6A pipeline near Romeoville, Illinois, releasing an estimated 7,500 barrels (1,190 m3) of oil into the surrounding area. [86] [95]
On June 22, 2013, Enbridge subsidiary Athabasca pipelines reported a pipeline leak of approximately 750 barrels of light synthetic crude oil from Line 37 near Enbridge's Cheecham, Alberta, terminal about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Fort McMurray. The 17-kilometre-long, 12-inch diameter pipe was constructed in 2006 and links the Long Lake oilsands upgrader to the Cheetham terminal as part of Enbridge's Athabasca system. [96] Unusually heavy rainfall in the region, also responsible for the 2013 Alberta floods, may have caused "ground movement on the right-of way that may have impacted the pipeline." [97] Enbridge's Athabasca (Line 19) shares a portion of right of way with Line 37 and Enbridge's Wood Buffalo/Waupisoo (Line 75/18), a major part of the network that serves Alberta's oilsands. [96] All three lines were closed down as a precautionary measure. Operations between Hardisty and Cheecham were restored on June 23 when Enbridge's Athabasca pipeline (Line 19) was restored to service. [97] [ unreliable source? ]
On July 1, 2013, WWMT News in Michigan reported that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality had issued a citation against Enbridge for contamination of North Ore Creek by an Enbridge pipeline maintenance activity. [98]
On January 30, 2017, a road crew in Texas punctured the Seaway S-1 crude oil pipeline, which is jointly owned by Enterprise Products Partners and Enbridge through the joint venture Seaway Crude Pipeline Company. Two days later, it was unclear how much oil had spilled over the nearby Highway 121 northeast of Dallas. After the incident, supply concerns reportedly helped push "oil prices 2% higher in early trading to nearly $54 a barrel." [99]
On October 9, 2018, Enbridge's Westcoast Pipeline exploded in Shelley, British Columbia, [100] sparking a massive fireball and leading to shortages of natural gas throughout British Columbia. [101]
In May 2012, West Coast First Nations members and supporters protested near Enbridge's Annual Shareholder's meeting, against the proposed Northern Gateway Project [102] and on May 31, 2012, the Vancouver Observer reported about 40 protesters outside the Canadian Oil and Gas Export Summit, protesting the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Project. [103]
On July 17, 2012, a group calling itself "We are the Kalamazoo" protested against Enbridge's response to the Kalamazoo spill and its plans to construct the line 6B pipeline. This protest was on the second anniversary of the Kalamazoo spill. [104]
On November 12, 2012, the Lansing State Journal reported that the head of the Line 6B Pipeline project stated that he had never seen as much organized landowner resistance despite 30 years in the pipeline industry. They noted that this was probably because of the 2010 Kalamazoo River spill. [105]
In May 2013, Hamilton area residents protested the reversal of flow in Line 9 and temporarily closed Ontario Highway 6. [106] Later that year, on June 6, 2013, a group called Hamilton 350 sent a letter of complaint to the Hamilton (Ontario) police service (HPS) for accepting over $44,000 in donations from Enbridge. The letter questions whether police officers would be impartial during any anti-Enbridge protests, given the donation. [107]
On June 26, 2013, Hamilton Police arrested at least 10 people who occupied an Enbridge compound for six days to protest the expansion of Enbridge's Line 9 and intent to ship diluted bitumen through the line. [108]
On July 22, 2013, a group of protesters locked themselves to equipment at an Enbridge pipeline construction site in Stockbridge, Michigan. Protesters stated that they had to take matters into their own hands given that state regulators were failing the public, "We felt that there was no other option." [109]
A September 16, 2013, "Inside Climate News" report by journalist David Hasemeyer describes how many Michigan landowners are concerned about the safety of new Enbridge pipeline being laid within a few feet of their homes, and the lack of regulations for how close a pipeline can be constructed to an existing home. The article quotes Richard Kuprewicz, President of an engineering consulting company and an adviser to Pipeline Hazardous Materials Administration: "Clearly the pipeline safety regulations aren't adequate in this area and the siting regulations aren't adequate," Kuprewicz said. "It's a bad combination." [110]
In September 2016, a group of Native Americans protested the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline, which Enbridge had announced plans to acquire a portion of in a $2 billion deal. [111]
In November 2020, Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer revoked a 1953 easement for an Enbridge pipeline connecting two parts of the Great Lakes through the Straits of Mackinac. [112]
In June 2021, Enbridge resumed construction on the Line 3 replacement project in Northern Minnesota after taking a brief planned break. [113] Enbridge's plans to expand its Line 3 pipeline in Minnesota along a new route have been met with prolonged resistance from Native communities and activists calling themselves water protectors. [114] [115]
In January 2022, a group of about 400 met in front of a Bank of America location in Austin to protest Enbridge's plans to expand the Moda Ingleside Energy Center onto historic Karankawa land in Corpus Christi, Texas. [116] [117]
In September, 2023, in a trial flawed by numerous protocol breaches on the part of the prosecution and local authorities, [118] Mylene Vialard was found guilty of felony obstruction. According to the article, Vialard was among more than a thousand arrests by Minnesota law enforcement – which along with other agencies received at least $8.6m in payments from Enbridge.
In 2024, the film Bad River was released. The film documented Enbridge's trespassing on the Bad River reservation with Line 5 and the local community's struggle to get the pipeline removed. It also covered how Enbridge attempted to influence the Bad River tribal elections. [119] [120]
Enbridge has two Technology and Innovation labs. In January 2019, the first lab opened in Calgary, Alberta. [121] In April 2019, the second lab opened in Houston, Texas. [121] The labs use industrial predictive algorithms, machine learning, and sentiment analysis to find efficiencies within the company and help improve safety and reliability of their pipeline infrastructure. [122]
The labs have developed ways to get sensor data from pipelines, helping to improve flows of natural gas and crude oil terminals. [123] Additionally, the labs have helped enhance pipeline leak detection, and ensure better maintenance schedules. [123] For renewable energy projects, the labs have developed different ways to reposition wind turbine blades to help maximize wind power generation. [124] [125]
Dollar amounts in millions of Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted, with the exception of employee numbers. Additionally, earnings are after income tax and unadjusted. Employee count is approximate and includes both permanent and temporary employees.
Year | 2014 [126] [127] | 2015 [128] [129] | 2016 [130] [131] | 2017 [132] [133] | 2018 [134] [135] | 2019 [136] | 2020 [137] | 2021 [138] | 2022 [139] | 2023 [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operating Revenue | 37,641 | 33,794 | 34,560 | 44,378 | 46,378 | 50,069 | 39,087 | 47,071 | 53,309 | 43,649 |
Earnings | 1,608 | 1,866 | 2,078 | 2,529 | 2,515 | 5,827 | 3,416 | 6,314 | 2,938 | 6,058 |
Total Assets | 72,857 | 84,664 | 85,832 | 162,093 | 166,905 | 163,269 | 160,276 | 168,864 | 179,608 | 180,317 |
Enbridge Employees | 11,000 | 11,000 | 7,733 | 15,000 | 13,600 | 11,300 | 13,000 | 13,000 | 13,000 | 13,400 |
The Athabasca oil sands, also known as the Athabasca tar sands, are large deposits of oil sands rich in bitumen, a heavy and viscous form of petroleum, in northeastern Alberta, Canada. These reserves are one of the largest sources of unconventional oil in the world, making Canada a significant player in the global energy market.
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The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020, the Government of Alberta. It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma.
Although there are numerous oil companies operating in Canada, as of 2009, the majority of production, refining and marketing was done by fewer than 20 of them. According to the 2013 edition of Forbes Global 2000, canoils.com and any other list that emphasizes market capitalization and revenue when sizing up companies, as of March 31, 2014 these are the largest Canada-based oil and gas companies.
The Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines were a planned-but-never-built project for a twin pipeline from Bruderheim, Alberta, to Kitimat, British Columbia. The project was active from the mid-2000s to 2016. The eastbound pipeline would have imported natural gas condensate, and the westbound pipeline would have exported diluted bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands to a marine terminal in Kitimat for transportation to Asian markets via oil tankers. The project would have also included terminal facilities with "integrated marine infrastructure at tidewater to accommodate loading and unloading of oil and condensate tankers, and marine transportation of oil and condensate." The CA$7.9 billion project was first proposed in the mid-2000s but was postponed several times. The project plan was developed by Enbridge Inc., a Canadian crude oil and liquids pipeline and storage company.
The Long Lake oil sands upgrader project is an in situ oil extraction project near Anzac, Alberta, 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Fort McMurray in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta.
The Kalamazoo River oil spill occurred in July 2010 when a pipeline operated by Enbridge burst and flowed into Talmadge Creek, a tributary of the Kalamazoo River near Marshall, Michigan. A 6-foot (1.8 m) break in the pipeline resulted in one of the largest inland oil spills in U.S. history. The pipeline carries diluted bitumen (dilbit), a heavy crude oil from Canada's Athabasca oil sands to the United States. Cleanup took five years. Following the spill, the volatile hydrocarbon diluents evaporated, leaving the heavier bitumen to sink in the water column. Thirty-five miles (56 km) of the Kalamazoo River were closed for clean-up until June 2012, when portions of the river were re-opened. On March 14, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered Enbridge to return to dredge portions of the river to remove submerged oil and oil-contaminated sediment.
Canadian Natural Resources Limited, or CNRL or Canadian Natural is a senior Canadian oil and natural gas company that operates primarily in the Western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, with offshore operations in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, and offshore Côte d'Ivoire and Gabon. The company, which is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, has the largest undeveloped base in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It is the largest independent producer of natural gas in Western Canada and the largest producer of heavy crude oil in Canada.
The Seaway Crude Pipeline System (SCPS), commonly known as the Seaway Pipeline, is an oil pipeline system which transports crude oil between Cushing, Oklahoma and Freeport, Texas, and through the Texas City, Texas Terminal and Distribution System on the Gulf Coast of the United States. The Seaway is an important crude oil transfer link between two petroleum regions within the United States.
Western Canadian Select (WCS) is a heavy sour blend of crude oil that is one of North America's largest heavy crude oil streams and, historically, its cheapest. It was established in December 2004 as a new heavy oil stream by EnCana, Canadian Natural Resources, Petro-Canada and Talisman Energy. It is composed mostly of bitumen blended with sweet synthetic and condensate diluents and 21 existing streams of both conventional and unconventional Alberta heavy crude oils at the large Husky Midstream General Partnership terminal in Hardisty, Alberta. Western Canadian Select—the benchmark for heavy, acidic crudes—is one of many petroleum products from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin oil sands. Calgary-based Husky Energy, now a subsidiary of Cenovus, had joined the initial four founders in 2015.
Enbridge Line 5 is a 645-mile oil pipeline owned by the Canadian multinational corporation Enbridge. Constructed in 1953, the pipeline conveys crude oil from western Canada to eastern Canada via the Great Lakes states. Line 5 is part of the Enbridge Lakehead System and passes under the environmentally sensitive Straits of Mackinac, which connect Lake Michigan to Lake Huron. The 30-inch pipeline carries 540,000 barrels (86,000 m3) of synthetic crude, natural gas liquids, sweet crude, and light sour crude per day as of 2013.
The Trans Mountain Pipeline System, or simply the Trans Mountain Pipeline (TMPL), is a multiple product pipeline system that carries crude and refined products from Edmonton, Alberta, to the coast of British Columbia, Canada.
The Line 3 pipeline is an oil pipeline owned by the Canadian multinational Enbridge. Operating since 1968, it runs 1,031 miles (1,659 km) from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada to Superior, Wisconsin, United States.
Pipelines in Canada are important components of energy infrastructure in Canada as the majority of natural gas and oil deposits are located in landlocked Alberta and need to be transported to ports or terminals to access larger markets.
The city of Cushing in Oklahoma is a central hub within the United States and worldwide oil industry. It connects major pipelines within the United States and is the location where the oil futures contracts end up being delivered. It is the physical delivery point of West Texas Intermediate oil.
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