Transcriptions | |
---|---|
Standard Mandarin | |
Hanyu Pinyin | QǐDéDānguǐTiělù |
Yue:Cantonese | |
Yale Romanization | Káidāk Dāan'gwái Titlouh |
Kai Tak Smart and Green Mass Transit System (Chinese :啟德智慧綠色集體運輸系統),also known as the Kai Tak Monorail (啟德單軌鐵路;Káidāk Dāan'gwái Titlouh),is a government-proposed monorail system to be located in the Kai Tak Development area of Hong Kong [1] with 5 stations.
The system was first proposed in 2012 and was expected to be completed in 2023, [2] [3] at a cost of HK$12 billion, [4] and to take up 15 percent of public transport in the Kowloon East Development. It was scrapped officially in 2020,but revived in 2023.
Throughout the 1990s,a number of master plans were drawn up to prepare for the eventual reuse of the Kai Tak airport land. The South East Kowloon Development Statement (1993) and the Feasibility Study for South East Kowloon Development (1998) both proposed that the site be served by two conventional Mass Transit Railway lines running underground. [5] [6] A 2001 study removed the line serving the former runway area,replacing it with a proposed "trolley bus or light rail system". [7] In light of the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance and overwhelming public opinion against further reclamation of Victoria Harbour,the plan for Kai Tak was further cut back. But this basic premise of a light rail system in the area would eventually turn into the plan for a monorail.
In 2007,the Kai Tak Outline Zoning Plans with railway connection system was approved by the Executive Council.
The project,officially called the Environmentally Friendly Linkage System (Chinese :環保連接系統; Cantonese Yale :Wàahnbóu Lìhnjip Haihtúng) and abbreviated to EFLS,was headed by the Development Bureau with public consultation carried out by the Civil Engineering and Development Department.
The Civil Engineering and Development Department appointed consultants to review the flexibility of the EFLS.
Under the 2011-2012 Policy Address,[ citation needed ] Kowloon East would become the city's second central business district.
However,in the 2020 policy address,chief executive Carrie Lam approvingly cited a feasibility study suggesting that the EFLS should instead comprise a multi-modal system of buses,minibuses,travellators,and cycling and pedestrian infrastructure,rather than a railway system,which implied that the monorail plan had been shelved. [8] Footbridges with travellators were proposed subsequently as an alternative. [9]
On 12 March 2024,a similar environmentally friendly transit system was proposed,but it would only serve Kai Tak and not connect to Kwun Tong as per the original plan. [10]
Hong Kong Tramways Limited proposed building a modern tramway,instead of a monorail,on the grounds of lower construction cost,more affordable fares,lower operating cost,improved flexibility for future extensions,less visual impact,no noise pollution,and socio-economic benefits. Norman Y. S. Heung,project manager from the Civil Engineering and Development Department,responded that it would not be acceptable for a tramway to share ground space with cars. [11] Emmanuel Vivant,general manager of Hong Kong Tramways,responded that "in a city that rightly prides itself on putting priority on public transport,and where only 10 per cent of trips are done by private car,it should not be impossible to allocate space to tram lanes that can each carry eight times as many people as a road lane" and that "promoting usage of emission-free modern tramways rather than polluting private cars,would be a perfectly sensible policy decision. Where necessary,the modern tramway can simply share space with other road users". [12]
The need for heavy construction of any kind was challenged by the Hong Kong Cycling Alliance,on the basis that the 13-kilometre cycling network already planned for the area provided viable and more flexible connectivity,at much lower environmental impact. [13]
The South China Morning Post claimed that a "green bus network" would cost less than HK$400 million,and could still make a profit. [14] [ who? ]
The cost of construction at 2010 prices was HK$12 billion,with patronage expected to hit 200,000 by 2031,according to the government. [4] In 2012 officials estimated that building a monorail would have yielded a return of one per cent,versus four per cent for a conventional railway. [14] The Post reported that the system would break even only if the government bore the capital and asset replacement costs. [14]
Station Name | Interchange | Opening date | District | |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | Chinese | |||
Kai Tak Smart and Green Mass Transit System | ||||
Kai Tak station | 啟德站 | Tuen Ma line (MTR) | Unannounced | Kowloon City District |
Kai Tak Sports Park | 啟德體育園 | |||
Metro Park | 都會公園 | |||
Residential Belt at Former Runway Area | 前跑道區住宅帶 | |||
Kai Tak Cruise Terminal | 啟德郵輪碼頭 |
The MTR walk‐in catchment coverage has usually a 500-metre radius or less than 8-minute walking time. After considering estimated passenger and fire safety issues,the Civil Engineering and Development Department took the MTR walk-in catchment coverage as an indicator for the selection of the EFLS station site.
Station Name | Interchange | Opening date | District | |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | Chinese | |||
Environmentally Friendly Linkage System | ||||
Kowloon Bay station | 九龍灣總站 | Kwun Tong line (MTR) | Expected 2023 | Kwun Tong District |
Hoi Bun Road | 海濱道 | |||
Kowloon Bay Business Area | 九龍灣商貿區 | |||
Kai Cheung Road | 啟祥道 | |||
Richland Gardens | 麗晶花園 | |||
Station Square | 車站廣場 | Tuen Ma line (MTR) | Kowloon City District | |
Stadium | 體育場館 | |||
Metro Park | 都會公園 | |||
Runway Precinct | 跑道休閒區 | |||
Cruise Terminal | 郵輪碼頭 | |||
Kwun Tong Ferry Pier | 觀塘碼頭 | Ferry to North Point | Kwun Tong District | |
Kwun Tong station | 觀塘總站 | Kwun Tong line (MTR) |
As of 2015,the government planned to use two-car monorail trains with capacities of about 250 passengers. The stations would have been designed to allow for future expansion to three-car trains. [4]
Hong Kong has a highly developed transport network,encompassing both public and private transport. Based on Hong Kong Government's Travel Characteristics Survey,over 90% of daily journeys are on public transport,the highest rate in the world. However,in 2014 the Transport Advisory Committee,which advises the Government on transportation issues,issued a report on the much-worsened congestion problem in Hong Kong and pointed at the excessive growth of private cars during the past 10–15 years.
Hong Kong Tramways (HKT) is a 3 ft 6 in narrow-gauge tram system in Hong Kong. Owned and operated by RATP Dev,the tramway runs on Hong Kong Island between Kennedy Town and Shau Kei Wan,with a branch circulating through Happy Valley.
Kai Tak Airport was an international airport of Hong Kong from 1925 until 1998. Officially known as Hong Kong International Airport from 1954 to 6 July 1998,it is often referred to as Hong Kong International Airport,Kai Tak,or simply Kai Tak and Kai Tak International Airport,to distinguish it from its successor,Chek Lap Kok International Airport,built on reclaimed and levelled land around the islands of Chek Lap Kok and Lam Chau,30 kilometres (19 mi) to the west.
Kai Tak is an underground MTR rapid transit station located on the Tuen Ma line,in the Kai Tak Development area of Hong Kong. The station was opened on 14 February 2020 as part of the Tuen Ma line's first phase. It provides access to the multi-purpose Kai Tak Sports Park,as well as other facilities of the Kai Tak area. The station was built as part of the Sha Tin to Central Link (SCL).
The Tuen Ma line is a rapid transit line that forms part of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system in Hong Kong. Coloured brown on the map,the Tuen Ma line is 56.2 kilometres (34.9 mi) in length,making it the longest line of the MTR network. It has a total of 27 stations,more than any other in the MTR system.
Various track gauges are used in Hong Kong on different railways and railway lines.
Richland Gardens is a home ownership scheme and Private Sector Participation Scheme in Kowloon Bay,Kowloon,Hong Kong,near the Kai Yip Estate. It was jointly developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and Shui On Land Limited. It consists of 22 residential blocks and a shopping centre completed in 1985. It was built next to Kai Tak and is one of the closest buildings to the former airport.
The following shows the public housing estates in Ngau Tau Kok,Jordan Valley,Kowloon Bay and surrounding neighbourhoods,in Kwun Tong District,Kowloon,Hong Kong.
The following is a list of public housing estates in Wong Tai Sin,Kowloon,Hong Kong including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS),Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS),Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS),Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS),and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.
The Kai Tak Nullah is a nullah or watercourse that collects water from the rivers and streams flowing from the hills in northern New Kowloon. It empties into a narrow channel leading into the Kwun Tong Typhoon Shelter. Part of the nullah is covered by roads and other facilities.
Hong Kong's rail network mainly comprises public transport trains operated by the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRC). The MTRC operates the metro network of the territory,the commuter rail network connecting the northeastern,northwestern and southwestern New Territories to the urban areas,and a light rail network in northwestern New Territories. The operations of the territory's two leading railway companies,MTRC and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC),were merged in 2007 on grounds of economies of scale and cost effectiveness. The Hong Kong Government has an explicit stated transport policy of using railways as its transport backbone.
The Lung Tsun Stone Bridge was a bridge in British Hong Kong which was buried during the construction of Kai Tak Airport and which connected the Kowloon Walled City to a pier leading into Kowloon Bay.
Kai Tak Sports Park is a multi-purpose sports venue that is being built at the site of the former Kai Tak Airport in Kowloon,Hong Kong,as part of the Kai Tak Development. The sports park will be located on the north western part of the old Kai Tak Airport,where some of the parking stands used to be. With an area of around 28 hectares,Kai Tak Sports Park anchors the redevelopment of the former airport site and offers a world-class destination for all interests.
The Kai Tak Development,abbreviated as "KTD" and formerly called South East Kowloon Development (東南九龍發展計劃),refers to the redevelopment of the former Kai Tak Airport site in Kai Tak,Kowloon,Hong Kong.
The following is an overview of public housing estates in the Kai Tak development area,located in the Kowloon City District of Hong Kong. This list includes Home Ownership Scheme (HOS),Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS),and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.
Kai Ching Estate is a public housing estate in a brownfield development area of the disused Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong. It consists of six residential buildings completed in 2013. It houses around 5,200 flats for 13,300 residents and shares the "Ching Long Shopping Centre" with Tak Long Estate. Kai Ching Estate was built by China State Construction Engineering.
Choi Hung Road Playground is located in Choi Hung Road,San Po Kong,Wong Tai Sin District,Kowloon,Hong Kong. The playground is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong.
Kai Tak North is one of the 25 constituencies in the Kowloon City District of Hong Kong which was created in 2015.
Kai Tak Central &South,previously Kai Tak South,is one of the 25 constituencies in the Kowloon City District of Hong Kong which was first created in for the 2015 District Council elections.
Kowloon Urban Route No. 20 is a Hong Kong bus route operated by Citybus,plying between Kai Tak and Cheung Sha Wan.