A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN. Like all catalysts, they catalyze reverse as well as forward reactions, and in some cases this has physiological significance: for example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in animals, but in yeast it catalyzes the production of ethanol from acetaldehyde.
Flavins refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and, in other circumstances, is found as flavin mononucleotide, a phosphorylated form of riboflavin. It is in one or the other of these forms that flavin is present as a prosthetic group in flavoproteins.
Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans.
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism. A flavoprotein is a protein that contains a flavin group, which may be in the form of FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Many flavoproteins are known: components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is a disulfide derived from two glutathione molecules.
Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene. Glutathione reductase catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell. Glutathione reductase functions as dimeric disulfide oxidoreductase and utilizes an FAD prosthetic group and NADPH to reduce one molar equivalent of GSSG to two molar equivalents of GSH:
Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.
In enzymology, a polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathione—CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathione—cystine transhydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) (EC 1.8.5.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathione—homocystine transhydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathione oxidase (EC 1.8.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (EC 1.8.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a pyrimidodiazepine synthase (EC 1.5.4.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Malcolm Dixon was a British biochemist.
DsbA is a bacterial thiol disulfide oxidoreductase (TDOR). DsbA is a key component of the Dsb family of enzymes. DsbA catalyzes intrachain disulfide bond formation as peptides emerge into the cell's periplasm.
