Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase

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Sulfide-cytochrome-c reductase (flavocytochrome c)
PDB 1fcd EBI.jpg
Structure of the flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase from the purple phototrophic bacterium Allochromatium vinosum ( PDB: 1FCD ).
Identifiers
EC no. 1.8.2.3
Databases
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BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
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PMC articles
PubMed articles
NCBI proteins
Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase, flavin-binding
Identifiers
SymbolFCSD-flav_bind
Pfam PF09242
InterPro IPR015323
SCOP2 1fcd / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary

Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase, also known as Sulfide-cytochrome-c reductase (flavocytochrome c) (EC 1.8.2.3), is an enzyme with systematic name hydrogen-sulfide:flavocytochrome c oxidoreductase. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] It is found in sulfur-oxidising bacteria such as the purple phototrophic bacteria Allochromatium vinosum. [4] [7] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

hydrogen sulfide + 2 ferricytochrome c sulfur + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+

These enzymes are heterodimers of a flavoprotein (fccB Q06530 ) and a diheme cytochrome (fccA; Q06529 ) that carry out hydrogen sulfide-dependent cytochrome C reduction. The diheme cytochrome folds into two domains, each of which resembles mitochondrial cytochrome c, with the two haem groups bound to the interior of the subunit. The flavoprotein subunit has a glutathione reductase-like fold consisting of a beta(3,4)-alpha(3) core, and an alpha+beta sandwich. The active site of the flavoprotein subunit contains a catalytically important disulfide bridge located above the pyrimidine portion of the flavin ring. The flavoprotein contains a C-terminal domain required for binding to flavin, and subsequent electron transfer. [4] Electrons are transferred from the flavin to one of the haem groups in the cytochrome. Both FAD and heme C are covalently bound to the protein.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavin group</span> Group of chemical compounds

Flavins refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and, in other circumstances, is found as flavin mononucleotide, a phosphorylated form of riboflavin. It is in one or the other of these forms that flavin is present as a prosthetic group in flavoproteins. Despite the similar names, flavins are chemically and biologically distinct from the flavanoids, and the flavonols.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Respiratory complex I</span> Protein complex involved in cellular respiration

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Succinate dehydrogenase</span> Enzyme

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flavin adenine dinucleotide</span> Redox-active coenzyme

In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism. A flavoprotein is a protein that contains a flavin group, which may be in the form of FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Many flavoproteins are known: components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)</span>

In enzymology, a NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.5.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfite reductase</span> Enzyme family

Sulfite reductases (EC 1.8.99.1) are enzymes that participate in sulfur metabolism. They catalyze the reduction of sulfite to hydrogen sulfide and water. Electrons for the reaction are provided by a dissociable molecule of either NADPH, bound flavins, or ferredoxins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiosulfate dehydrogenase</span>

Thiosulfate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cytochrome c family</span> Protein family

Cytochromes c cytochromes, or heme-containing proteins, that have heme C covalently attached to the peptide backbone via one or two thioether bonds. These bonds are in most cases part of a specific Cys-X-X-Cys-His (CXXCH) binding motif, where X denotes a miscellaneous amino acid. Two thioether bonds of cysteine residues bind to the vinyl sidechains of heme, and the histidine residue coordinates one axial binding site of the heme iron. Less common binding motifs can include a single thioether linkage, a lysine or a methionine instead of the axial histidine or a CXnCH binding motif with n>2. The second axial site of the iron can be coordinated by amino acids of the protein, substrate molecules or water. Cytochromes c possess a wide range of properties and function as electron transfer proteins or catalyse chemical reactions involving redox processes. A prominent member of this family is mitochondrial cytochrome c.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fumarate reductase (quinol)</span>

Fumarate reductase (quinol) (EC 1.3.5.4, QFR,FRD, menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase, quinol:fumarate reductase) is an enzyme with systematic name succinate:quinone oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

Glutathione amide reductase (EC 1.8.1.16, GAR) is an enzyme with systematic name glutathione amide:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Dimethyl sulfide:cytochrome c2 reductase (EC 1.8.2.4) is an enzyme with systematic name dimethyl sulfide:cytochrome-c2 oxidoreductase. It is also known by the name dimethylsulfide dehydrogenase (Ddh). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microbial oxidation of sulfur</span>

Microbial oxidation of sulfur is the oxidation of sulfur by microorganisms to build their structural components. The oxidation of inorganic compounds is the strategy primarily used by chemolithotrophic microorganisms to obtain energy to survive, grow and reproduce. Some inorganic forms of reduced sulfur, mainly sulfide (H2S/HS) and elemental sulfur (S0), can be oxidized by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes, usually coupled to the reduction of oxygen (O2) or nitrate (NO3). Anaerobic sulfur oxidizers include photolithoautotrophs that obtain their energy from sunlight, hydrogen from sulfide, and carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2).

Dissimilatory sulfite reductase is an enzyme that participates in sulfur metabolism in dissimilatory sulfate reduction.

References

  1. Kusai K, Yamanaka T (November 1973). "The oxidation mechanisms of thiosulphate and sulphide in Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum: roles of cytochrome c-551 and cytochrome c-553". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. 325 (2): 304–14. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(73)90106-0. PMID   4357558.
  2. Fukumori Y, Yamanaka T (June 1979). "Flavocytochrome c of Chromatium vinosum. Some enzymatic properties and subunit structure". Journal of Biochemistry. 85 (6): 1405–14. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132467. PMID   222744.
  3. Sorokin DYu, Gray GD, Gaul DF, Knaff DB (April 1983). "Partial purification and characterization of two soluble c-type cytochromes from Chromatium vinosum". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 222 (1): 78–86. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(83)90504-0. PMID   6301383.{{cite journal}}: Vancouver style error: name in name 1 (help)
  4. 1 2 3 Chen ZW, Koh M, Van Driessche G, Van Beeumen JJ, Bartsch RG, Meyer TE, Cusanovich MA, Mathews FS (October 1994). "The structure of flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase from a purple phototrophic bacterium". Science. 266 (5184): 430–2. Bibcode:1994Sci...266..430C. doi:10.1126/science.7939681. PMID   7939681.
  5. de Jong GA, Robertson LA, Kuenen GJ (May 1998). "Purification and characterization of sulfide dehydrogenase from alkaliphilic chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria". FEBS Letters. 427 (1): 11–4. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00379-2 . PMID   9613590. S2CID   2818096.
  6. Kostanjevecki V, Brigé A, Meyer TE, Cusanovich MA, Guisez Y, van Beeumen J (June 2000). "A membrane-bound flavocytochrome c-sulfide dehydrogenase from the purple phototrophic sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata". Journal of Bacteriology. 182 (11): 3097–103. doi:10.1128/jb.182.11.3097-3103.2000. PMC   94494 . PMID   10809687.
  7. Quentmeier A, Hellwig P, Bardischewsky F, Wichmann R, Friedrich CG (November 2004). "Sulfide dehydrogenase activity of the monomeric flavoprotein SoxF of Paracoccus pantotrophus". Biochemistry. 43 (46): 14696–703. doi:10.1021/bi048568y. PMID   15544340.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR015323