The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ca. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts.
Carl Clawson Epling was an American botanist and taxonomist. Epling is best known for being the major authority on the Lamiaceae of the Americas from the 1920s to the 1960s. In his later years he also developed an interest in genetics.
Lepechinia is a genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It includes several species of plants known commonly as pitchersages. Plants of this genus can be found in Central and South America, Mexico, California, Hispaniola, and Hawaii, although the species in Hawaii is probably a human introduction. Many of them bear attractive pitcher-shaped flowers, often in shades of purple. The genus was named for the Russian botanist Ivan Ivanovich Lepechin. Recently, the two monotypic genera Chaunostoma and Neoeplingia were shown to be part of Lepechinia.
- Lepechinia anomalaEpling - southern Brazil
- Lepechinia bellaEpling - Bolivia
- Lepechinia betonicaefolia(Lam.) Epling - Colombia, Ecuador
- Lepechinia bullata (Kunth) Epling - Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
- Lepechinia calycina(Benth.) Epling ex Munz – pitcher sage, woodbalm - California
- Lepechinia cardiophyllaEpling – Santa Ana pitcher sage - southern California, Baja California
- Lepechinia caulescens(Ortega) Epling - Mexico, Guatemala
- Lepechinia chamaedryoides(Balb.) Epling - Chile
- Lepechinia cocuyensisJ.R.I.Wood - Colombia
- Lepechinia codonEpling - Peru
- Lepechinia conferta(Benth.) Epling - Colombia, Venezuela
- Lepechinia dioicaJ.A.Hart - Ecuador
- Lepechinia flammeaMart.Gord. & Lozada-Pérez - Guerrero
- Lepechinia floribunda(Benth.) Epling - Peru, Bolivia, Argentina
- Lepechinia fragrans(Greene) Epling – island pitcher sage, fragrant pitcher sage - southern California including offshore Channel Islands
- Lepechinia ganderiEpling – San Diego pitcher sage - southern California, Baja California
- Lepechinia glomerataEpling - Jalisco
- Lepechinia hastata(A.Gray) Epling – pakata - Baja California and Baja California Sur, including Revillagigedo Islands; naturalized in Hawaii
- Lepechinia heteromorpha (Briq.) Epling - Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
- Lepechinia lamiifolia(Benth.) Epling - Ecuador, Peru
- Lepechinia lancifolia(Rusby) Epling - Bolivia
- Lepechinia leucophylloides(Ramamoorthy, Hiriart & Medrano) B.T.Drew, Cacho & Sytsma - Hidalgo
- Lepechinia maricaEpling & Mathias - Peru
- Lepechinia mecistandra(Donn.Sm.) H.K.Moon - Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador
- Lepechinia mexicana(S.Schauer) Epling - central + northeastern Mexico
- Lepechinia meyenii(Walp.) Epling - Peru, Bolivia, Argentina
- Lepechinia mollis(Epling) Epling - Peru
- Lepechinia mutica(Benth.) Epling - Ecuador
- Lepechinia nelsonii(Fernald) Epling - central + southern Mexico
- Lepechinia paniculata(Kunth) Epling - Ecuador
- Lepechinia radula (Benth.) Epling - Ecuador, Peru
- Lepechinia rossiiS.Boyd & Mistretta – Ross' pitcher sage - southern California
- Lepechinia rufocampiiEpling & Mathias - Ecuador
- Lepechinia salviae(Lindl.) Epling - Chile
- Lepechinia salviifolia(Kunth) Epling - Colombia, Venezuela
- Lepechinia schiedeana(Schltdl.) Vatke - Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
- Lepechinia scobinaEpling - Peru
- Lepechinia speciosa(A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Epling - southern Brazil
- Lepechinia tomentosa(Benth.) Epling - Peru
- Lepechinia urbani (Briq.) Epling - Hispaniola
- Lepechinia velutinaJ.R.I.Wood - Colombia
- Lepechinia vesiculosa(Benth.) Epling - Peru, Bolivia, Argentina
- Lepechinia vulcanicolaJ.R.I.Wood - Colombia
- Lepechinia yecoranaHenrickson, Fishbein & T.Van Devender - Sonora
Mesosphaerum pseudoglaucum is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, formerly known as Hyptis pseudoglauca. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Hoehnea is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described with this name in 1939. It is native to South America, primarily southern Brazil and Paraguay.
Hypenia is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described as a genus in 1988. It is native to South America and southern Mexico.
- Hypenia aristulata(Epling) Harley - Goiás
- Hypenia brachystachys(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - southern Brazil
- Hypenia calycina(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia concinna(Benth.) Harley - Tocantins
- Hypenia crispata(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - Goiás
- Hypenia densiflora(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia durifolia(Epling) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia gardneriana(Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia glauca(A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil, Paraguay
- Hypenia inelegans(Epling) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia irregularis(Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia macrantha(A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia macrosiphon(Briq.) Harley - Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia
- Hypenia marifolia(Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia micrantha(Benth.) Harley - Mato Grosso
- Hypenia paniculata(Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia paradisi(Harley) Harley - Goiás
- Hypenia pauliana(Epling) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia perplexa(Epling) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia pruinosa(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil
- Hypenia reticulata(Mart. ex Benth.) Harley - eastern Brazil
- Hypenia salzmannii(Benth.) Harley - Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
- Hypenia simplex(A.St.-Hil. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore - Brazil
- Hypenia subrosea(Harley) Harley - Goiás
- Hypenia violaceaMart.Gord. & S.Valencia - Guerrero, Oaxaca
Hyptidendron is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1849. The entire genus is endemic to South America.
- Hyptidendron amethystoides(Benth.) Harley - eastern Brazil
- Hyptidendron arboreum(Benth.) Harley - Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northwestern Brazil
- Hyptidendron arbusculum(Epling) Harley - Brazil
- Hyptidendron asperrimum(Spreng.) Harley - eastern Brazil
- Hyptidendron canum(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - Brazil, Bolivia
- Hyptidendron caudatum(Epling & Játiva) Harley - Brazil
- Hyptidendron claussenii(Benth.) Harley - Minas Gerais
- Hyptidendron conspersum(Benth.) Harley - Bahia
- Hyptidendron dictiocalyx(Benth.) Harley - Goiás
- Hyptidendron eximium(Epling) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore - Mato Grosso
- Hyptidendron glutinosum(Benth.) Harley - Brazil, Bolivia
- Hyptidendron leucophyllum(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley - southern Brazil
- Hyptidendron rhabdocalyx(Mart. ex Benth.) Harley - southern Brazil
- Hyptidendron rondonicum(Harley) Harley - Brazil
- Hyptidendron unilaterale(Epling) Harley - southern Brazil
- Hyptidendron vauthieri(Briq.) Harley - southern Brazil
- Hyptidendron vepretorum(Mart. ex Benth.) Harley - Minas Gerais
Nepetoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Lamiaceae.
Cantinoa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is native primarily to New World, with some species introduced in the old world.
Hebecarpa is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Species are found from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to western South America.
Asemeia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae.
Gymnospora is a genus of plants in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) which is endemic to Brazil. It was first described as a subgenus of Polygala by Robert Chodat in 1891. It was separated into its own genera in 2013. Their flowers are 6 to 10 millimetres long and its pedicels are 2 to 8 millimetres long.
Mesosphaerum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to the New World Tropics and Subtropics. Two species, Mesosphaerum pectinatum and Mesosphaerum suaveolens, have been introduced to the Old World, with M. suaveolens found in the tropics of Africa, Asia and Australia.
Cyanocephalus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Oocephalus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Gymneia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Leptohyptis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Martianthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Medusantha is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Physominthe is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae.