Eremophila denticulata

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Toothed eremophila
Eremophila denticulata.jpg
Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata
Status DECF R.svg
Declared rare  (DEC)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Genus: Eremophila
Species:
E. denticulata
Binomial name
Eremophila denticulata
Synonyms [1]

Eremophila denticulata, also known as toothed eremophila, toothed poverty bush and Fitzgerald eremophila, [2] is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with red flowers and leaves that have toothed margins.

Contents

Description

Eremophila denticulata is an erect shrub growing to 1–2.5 m (3–8 ft) tall with shiny, sticky branches and leaves due to the presence of resin. The leaves are arranged alternately and are mostly 34–60 mm (1–2 in) long, 6–16 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide, elliptic to lance-shaped, deep green in colour and have edges that are usually toothed. Young leaves are often very sticky. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on a stalk 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) long. There are 5 lance-shaped, pointed, greenish-coloured sepals which are 3.5–13 mm (0.1–0.5 in) long and slightly sticky. The petals are 25–30 mm (0.98–1.2 in) long and joined at their lower end to form a tube. The flower buds are orange-coloured but the open flower is bright red, rarely yellow. The petal tube is usually mostly covered with glandular hairs but the inside of the tube and the lower lobe have longer, softer hairs. The 4 stamens extend beyond the end of the petal tube. Flowering occurs from August to February and is followed by fruits which are dry, oval shaped with a pointed end, have a papery covering and are 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long. [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae . [8] [9]

In 2007, Robert Chinnock described two subspecies of E. denticulata and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

The specific epithet is derived from the "Latin denticulata, finely dentate, very small teeth." The epithet trisulcata is derived from the "Latin trisulcata, three-furrowed". [3]

Distribution

Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata occurs near Ravensthorpe. [3] [4] [12] There is a record by "Black" in South Australia but this report has not been accepted. [13] Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata occurs near Mount Buraminya and Mount Ragged in the Cape Arid National Park. [3] [4] [6] [14]

Ecology

Eremophila denticulata is pollinated by birds. Subspecies trisulcata becomes rare in its range when not disturbed. After fire, the number of individual plants increases dramatically. [6]

Conservation status

Both subspecies of Eremophila densifolia are classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). [15] An Interim Recovery Plan has been prepared for subspecies trisulcata. [16]

Use in horticulture

Toothed poverty bush is well known in cultivation. It is suitable for larger gardens, especially where fast growth is required but is inclined to break branches in windy locations. It is difficult to propagate from seed but easily grown from cuttings. In high rainfall areas it is preferable to graft onto Myoporum species. It will grow well in most soils and is both drought and frost tolerant. [5] [7]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Eremophila oldfieldii</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Eremophila bowmanii</i> Species of plant endemic to Australia

Eremophila bowmanii, also known as silver turkeybush, Bowman's poverty bush and flannel bush, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It is a low to medium, spreading shrub with silvery-grey, hairy foliage and blue to lilac flowers, and sometimes grows in dense thickets with mulga.

<i>Eremophila clarkei</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Eremophila fraseri</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Eremophila mackinlayi</i> Species of flowering plant

Eremophila mackinlayi, commonly known as desert pride, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a shrub with its branches and leaves covered with a thick layer of yellow to grey hairs, mostly egg-shaped leaves and deep lilac-coloured to purple flowers. It is most closely related to E. strongylophylla and E. hygrophana and sometimes occurs in the same areas as these species.

<i>Eremophila hughesii</i> Species of plant endemic to Australia

Eremophila hughesii is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is spindly, glabrous shrub with narrow leaves and with flowers that vary in colour from blue to pink, sometimes white. It is endemic to Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

Glycocystis beckeri is the only species of the flowering plant genus Glycocystis in the family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south west of Western Australia. It is a shrub, similar to others in the genera Eremophila and Myoporum but is unusual in that it produces very large amounts of sticky, sweet-smelling resin produced by raised glands which cover the entire plant, except for the petals. It has been suggested that the resin traps insects which the plant uses as a source of nitrogen.

<i>Eremophila caerulea</i> Species of flowering plant

Eremophila caerulea, commonly known as spotted eremophila, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, compact, spreading shrub with narrow, warty, cylindrical leaves and blue to purple flowers.

<i>Eremophila densifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Eremophila densifolia is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is usually a low, spreading shrub with densely clustered leaves and lilac to purple flowers.

<i>Eremophila drummondii</i> Species of flowering plant

Eremophila drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's eremophila, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a variable shrub, usually with sticky branches and leaves, long, thin leaves and mauve or purple flowers in spring.

Eremophila elderi, commonly known as aromatic emu bush, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. It is endemic to central Australia where it grows near the border between Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory. It is an erect, aromatic shrub with sticky leaves and branches and usually pale coloured to white flowers. Its specific epithet (elderi) honours an early Australian businessman, Thomas Elder.

<i>Eremophila exilifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Eremophila forrestii</i> Species of plant

Eremophila forrestii, commonly known as Wilcox bush is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a many-branched shrub with its branches, leaves and sepals densely-covered with a thick layer of greyish or yellowish hairs giving the plant a felty appearance. Its flowers are cream-coloured to pink and are spotted or streaked dark red. It occurs mostly in Western Australia but also in the far west of South Australia and the Northern Territory. Six subspecies are recognised by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

<i>Eremophila gilesii</i> Species of plant endemic to Australia

Eremophila gilesii, commonly known Charleville turkey bush, green turkey bush, desert fuchsia and Giles emu bush is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is usually a low, spreading shrub with pinkish-lilac to purple flowers and is widespread in the Northern Territory and all mainland states except Victoria. It is considered a difficult agricultural weed in some parts of Queensland but is often used as a bush medicine by Aboriginal people.

<i>Eremophila interstans</i> Species of plant endemic to Australia

Eremophila interstans is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a shrub or small tree found in Western Australia and South Australia and has narrow leaves with a hooked end, and white or cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Eremophila platycalyx</i> Species of flowering plant

Eremophila platycalyx is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with its branches and leaves covered with a layer of matted hairs, although the hairs are sometimes obscured by resin. The shape of the leaves is variable, depending on subspecies, the sepals are often brightly coloured and the petals are cream-coloured, sometimes spotted on the outside. Two subspecies have been described but others have been discovered although not as yet formally described.

<i>Eremophila platythamnos</i> Species of plant

Eremophila platythamnos, commonly known as desert foxglove, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is an erect shrub with short, broad leaves and purple, mauve, blue or pink flowers.

Eremophila simulans is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with broad, serrated leaves and violet to purple flowers.

<i>Eremophila willsii</i> Species of plant

Eremophila willsii is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is an erect shrub with bright green, often serrated leaves and pinkish to deep pinkish-purple petals. It is mainly found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and South Australia in deep sand.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eremophila denticulata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  2. "Fitzgerald eremophila". APNI. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 571–574. ISBN   9781877058165.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brown, Andrew; Buirchell, Bevan (2011). A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia (1st ed.). Hamilton Hill, W.A.: Simon Nevill Publications. pp. 85–86. ISBN   9780980348156.
  5. 1 2 "Eremophila denticulata". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 Archer, William (4 August 2011). "Eremophila denticulata". Esperance Wildflowers. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  7. 1 2 Boschen, Norma; Goods, Maree; Wait, Russell (2008). Australia's eremophilas : changing gardens for a changing climate. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 37–38. ISBN   9781876473655.
  8. "Eremophila densifolia". APNI. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  9. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne. p. 125. Retrieved 10 January 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. "Eremophila densifolia subsp. denticulata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  11. "Eremophila densifolia subsp. trisulcata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  12. "Eremophila denticulata subsp. denticulata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. Chinnock, Robert J. (1977). "Notes on Eremophila R.Br. (Myoporaceae) in South Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. 1 (2): 123–126.
  14. "Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  15. "Eremophila ciliata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  16. Fitzgerald, Mike; Butler, Ryan; Brown, Andrew. "Cumquat eremophila (Eremophila denticulata subsp. trisulcata ms) interim recovery plan" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Conservation and Land Management. Retrieved 10 January 2016.