| Persius duskywing | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | Erynnis |
| Species: | E. persius |
| Binomial name | |
| Erynnis persius Scudder(1863) | |
Erynnis persius, commonly known as Persius duskywing, [1] is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae that occurs in North America. The eastern subspecies Erynnis persius persius is rarer and protected by law in some regions.
The upperside of both the forewings and hindwings are a dark brown color. The forewing has clear spots with other dim markings and the patch at the end of the cell is gray. Males have raised white hairs on their forewings. The hindwings are fringed with darker brown to black and have another fringe that is creamy white. Females have a scent scale patch on their 7th abdominal segment. [2] The species may be difficult to distinguish from other duskywing skippers. [3]
Caterpillars of this species are light green with a reddish cast and covered with fine, short hairs. Their head is all brownish black. [4]
The Persius Duskywing has a wide range across North America from Alaska to southeastern Manitoba, covering much of the western United States down to Arizona and New Mexico. The eastern population ranges from New England west to Wisconsin, and south to Virginia. [5]
The Persius Duskywing has a single annual generation. The mature larva hibernates and pupates between April - June. [6] Males seek females by perching on the ground or on low vegetation, and females lay eggs on the host plant vegetation. [7] Caterpillar hosts include Lupine ( Lupinus ), golden banner ( Thermopsis ), Lotus, and other legumes. Adults feed on flower nectar. [8] The larval form of subspecies E. persius persius is dependent on the wild blue lupine, Lupinus perennis , as a host plant. [9]
The species is ranked as globally secure, however the eastern subspecies is rare and in severe decline. Reasons include habitat destruction and alteration, decline of its food plant the wild blue lupine ( Lupinus perennis ), and pesticide spraying for Spongy Moth ( Lymantria dispar ). It is thought to be extirpated in Ontario. [10]
It is protected by law as a threatened species in Michigan [11] and an endangered species in Minnesota, Ohio, New York, and New Hampshire. [12] [13] [14] [15] The subspecies Erynnis persius persius is listed as endangered in Connecticut [16] , and endangered in Canada under the Species at Risk act. [17]
The dingy skipper is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.
Erynnis is a genus in the skippers butterfly family Hesperiidae, known as the duskywings. Erynnis is found in the Neotropical realm and across the Palearctic, but the highest species diversity is in the Nearctic. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1801.
Fender's blue butterfly is a subspecies of Boisduval's blue endemic to the Willamette Valley of northwestern Oregon, United States. The potential range of the butterfly extends from south and west of Portland, OR to south of Eugene, OR. The butterfly is host-specific on the Kincaid's lupine, which it relies on for reproduction and growth. The male and female can be identified by their difference in wing color. The Fender's Blue Butterfly was added to the endangered species list in January 2000, but as of February of 2023, has been reclassified as "threatened". The Fender's blue butterfly population has increased over the past 20 years and projected to increase more through conservation efforts. In Willamette Valley, Oregon, there are currently 90 sites filled with Fender's blue.
The Mission blue is a blue or lycaenid butterfly subspecies native to the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The butterfly has been declared as endangered by the US federal government. It is a subspecies of Boisduval's blue.
Lupinus perennis is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae.
Gesta juvenalis, commonly known as Juvenal's duskywing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae.
Callophrys irus, the frosted elfin, is a species of Lycaenidae that is native to North America.
Erynnis brizo, the sleepy duskywing or banded oak duskywing, is a species of Hesperiidae butterfly that occurs throughout North America and is commonly confused with E. juvenalis and E. lucilius. The species is listed as threatened in Connecticut and Maine.
Lupinus latifolius is a species of lupine known by the common name broadleaf lupine. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Baja California to New Mexico, where it is common and can be found in several types of habitat. There are several subtaxa, described as subspecies or varieties, some common and some rare. They vary in morphology. In general this plant is an erect perennial herb. It grows 30 centimeters to over two meters in height, in texture hairy to nearly hairless. Each palmate leaf is made up of several leaflets, those on larger plants up to 10 centimeters long. The inflorescence bears many flowers, sometimes in whorls. Each flower is one to two centimeters in length, purple to blue to white in color, the spot on its banner yellowish, pinkish, or white.
Erynnis horatius, commonly known as Horace's duskywing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the United States from Massachusetts to Florida, and west to eastern South Dakota, the Gulf Coast, south-eastern Utah, Colorado, north-eastern Arizona, and New Mexico. It is listed as a species of special concern in the US state of Connecticut.
Erynnis icelus, also known as the dreamy duskywing or aspen dusky wing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in boreal North America.
Erynnis lucilius, the columbine duskywing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in North America from southern Quebec to Manitoba and south to the north-eastern United States. It is part of the skipper family because its wings create a skipping pattern.
Erynnis martialis, commonly known as the mottled duskywing, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in most of the eastern United States and in southern Ontario, and southeastern Manitoba. It is listed as a species of special concern and believed extirpated in the US state of Connecticut.
Euphyes dukesi, or Dukes' skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It lives in the eastern United States and in a small portion of southern Ontario, Canada, in three distinct populations. Preferred habitats are shaded wetlands, with various species of sedge plants it uses as host plants for its larvae.
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