![Esperanto Museum [de; eo] in Zaozhuang University Musee Esperanto Zaozhuang Chine.jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mus%C3%A9e_Esperanto_Zaozhuang_Chine.jpg/220px-Mus%C3%A9e_Esperanto_Zaozhuang_Chine.jpg)
Esperanto in China dates back to the late Qing dynasty, and remains active in China.
Esperanto in China dates back to the late Qing dynasty, and remains active in China.
Esperanto was imported to the Qing dynasty along with other western inventions, and mainly from Russian merchants in Harbin. It was brought from Chinese students who studied overseas, in Japan, France, and Britain. The first attested Esperanto courses in China were held in Shanghai in 1906. Shanghai later became the birthplace of the Chinese Esperanto Association in 1909. The association was active during the Xinhai revolution, with the education minister of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei, ordering Esperanto to be taught in Chinese schools as an elective course. Cai later invited Vasili Eroshenko to be an esperanto instructor at Beijing University. In 1923 the Beijing Esperanto College was founded. Esperanto also played a pivotal role in national liberation movements in China during the Sino-Japanese war of 1937, with the slogan n 'per Esperanto por la liberigo de Cinio' ('the liberation of China through Esperanto'). The Esperanto movement was also popular among Chinese anarchists such as Ba Jin, Li Shizeng, and Liu Shifu. After the PRC takeover, the China Esperanto League was founded in 1951, but the support of the communist government initially waned. The first ever national Esperanto meeting was held in 1963. This led to a lot of Esperanto courses being opened in 1964. The movement faced another challenge during the cultural revolution due to the arrest of esperantists. [1] [2]
The peak amount of Esperanto learning in China occurred in the 1980s, but its prominence decreased as emphasis on teaching English in China increased. [3]
In 2018, Zaozhuang University began allowing students to major in Esperanto. [4] In 2023, in all of China, only Zaozhuang University still had a department dedicated to teaching Esperanto. In January 2023, that department had 24 students. That enrollment decreased after a social media influencer mocked the program the following month. [3]
People's Republic of China publishes its official magazine El Popola Ĉinio. that began its publication in 1950. [2] [1]
In 2012, a museum to Esperanto (Esperanto Museum ) was established at Zaozhuang University. [4]
Jiang Qing, also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary, actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). She was the fourth wife of Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party and Paramount leader of China. She used the stage name Lan Ping (藍蘋) during her acting career, and was known by many other names. Jiang was best known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution and for forming the radical political alliance known as the Gang of Four.
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The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang, Hubei, China on 10 October 1911, beginning the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. It was led by elements of the New Army, influenced by revolutionary ideas from Tongmenghui. The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty with almost three centuries of imperial rule, and the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), which commemorates the anniversary of the uprising's starting date of 10 October as the National Day of the Republic of China.
The New Culture Movement was a progressivist movement in China in the 1910s and 1920s that criticized classical Chinese ideas and promoted a new Chinese culture based upon progressive, modern ideals like elections and science. Arising out of disillusionment with traditional Chinese culture following the failure of the Republic of China to address China's problems, it featured scholars such as Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Chen Hengzhe, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, He Dong, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Bing Xin, and Hu Shih, many classically educated, who led a revolt against Confucianism. The movement was launched by the writers of New Youth magazine, where these intellectuals promoted a new society based on unconstrained individuals rather than the traditional Confucian system. In 1917, Mr. Hu Shih put forward the famous “Eight Principle”, that is, abandon the ancient traditional writing method and use vernacular.
The Four Olds or the Four Old Things was a term used during the Cultural Revolution by the Red Guards in the People's Republic of China in reference to the pre-communist elements of Chinese culture they attempted to destroy. The Four Olds were: Old Ideas, Old Culture, Old Customs, and Old Habits. The campaign to destroy the Four Olds began in Beijing on August 19, 1966, shortly after the launch of the Cultural Revolution.
Liang Qichao was a Chinese politician, social and political activist, journalist, and intellectual. His thought had a significant influence on the political reformation of modern China. He inspired Chinese scholars and activists with his writings and reform movements. His translations of Western and Japanese books into Chinese further introduced new theories and ideas and inspired young activists.
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Anarchism in China was a strong intellectual force in the reform and revolutionary movements in the early 20th century. In the years before and just after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty Chinese anarchists insisted that a true revolution could not be political, replacing one government with another, but had to overthrow traditional culture and create new social practices, especially in the family. "Anarchism" was translated into Chinese as 無政府主義 literally, "the doctrine of no government."
The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years.
Xu Xilin, was a Chinese revolutionary born in Dongpu, Shanyin, Shaoxing, Zhejiang during the Qing dynasty.
Shanghai Rubber Stock Market Crisis was an economic crisis caused by the bankers and stock-holders overstimulating the rubber stocks in Shanghai in 1910. This crisis led to a great number of bankruptcies of Chinese native banks in Tianjing, Guangzhou, etc. Historically, this crisis, accomplished with the market crisis in 1920s, brought massive destruction of market development in Shanghai.
Xiang Jingyu, was one of the earliest female members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), widely regarded as a pioneer of the women's movement of China.
Lu Yin (1898–1934) was a Chinese feminist writer of the 20th-century. Her extensive body of work includes novels, short story collections and essays that explore the lives and hardships of Chinese women in the 20th century. Lu Yin is often associated with the May Fourth movement due to her support and espousing of its ideals during her academic career and its influences that are found in her literary works. During her writing career Lu Yin advocated for women's liberation through education and wrote many critical essays on what the steps to women's emancipation in China should look like. Due to the content of her work often reflecting feminist theory and her May Fourth movement involvement, Lu Yin is cited as a prominent figure in both the canon of May Fourth writers and notable women writers of China.
Lei Jieqiong, also known as Kit King Lei, was a Chinese sociologist, activist, and politician. Educated in the United States, she taught at Yenching University, China University of Political Science and Law, and Peking University in Beijing and Soochow University, St. John's University, University of Shanghai, and Aurora University in Shanghai. She was a cofounder of Zhongzheng University in Jiangxi during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Kim San was a socialist revolutionary and Korean independence fighter. His real name was known as Jang Jihak according to Nym Wales, or Jang Jirak according to Japanese authorities' documents. Born in Korea in the early 20th century, witnessing and experiencing the oppression and miseries made by Japanese colonial authorities, he participated in the Korean Independence Movement and the Chinese Revolution moving throughout such areas as Korea, Japan, Manchuria, Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong. He was also fluent in many languages such as Japanese, Chinese, English and Esperanto. He was executed in China in 1938, but his life and activities were known by the 1941 publication of a book titled Song of Ariran written by journalist Nym Wales based on her interviews with him in Yan'an, China in 1937. That book was also translated in Japanese first in 1953 and in Korean first in 1984.
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Zaozhuang University is a post-secondary educational institution in Zaozhuang, Shandong, China.