Euploca

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Euploca
Heliotropium salicoides Cham. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil (2).jpg
Euploca salicoides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Heliotropioideae
Genus: Euploca
Nutt. [1]
Type species
E. convolvulacea Nutt.
Synonyms [2] [3]
  • HilgeriaFörther
  • HeliotropiumL. sect. EuplocaNutt. (A.Gray)
  • HeliotropiumL. sect. OrthostachysR.Br.
  • LithococcaSmall ex Rydb.
  • NotoneriumBenth.
  • Orthostachys(R.Br.) Spach
  • PentacaryaDC. ex Meisn.
  • PioctononRaf.
  • PreslaeaMart.
  • SarcanthusAndersson
  • SchleideniaEndl.

Euploca is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with around 100 species. [3] It was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837. [1] [4] While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016, [5] a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes Euploca in the separate family Heliotropiaceae. [3] Its species used to be classified in the genera Hilgeria and Schleidenia and in Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys, but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to Myriopus than to Heliotropium. [2] While many species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway, [6] there are also C3C4 intermediate species. [7] [8] Species have leaves with a C4-typical Kranz anatomy. [2]

Selected species:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-notfamily, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gomphrenoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae.

<i>Heliotropium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

Heliotropium is a genus of flowering plants in the heliotrope family, Heliotropiaceae. There are around 325 species in this almost cosmopolitan genus, which are commonly known as heliotropes. They are highly toxic to dogs and cats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginales</span> Order of flowering plants within the lammiid clade of eudicots

Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Different taxonomic treatments either include only a single family, the Boraginaceae, or divide it into up to eleven families. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution.

<i>Suaeda</i> Genus of aquatic plants

Suaeda is a genus of plants also known as seepweeds and sea-blites. Most species are confined to saline or alkaline soil habitats, such as coastal salt-flats and tidal wetlands. Many species have thick, succulent leaves, a characteristic seen in various plant genera that thrive in salty habitats.

<i>Aerva</i> Genus of flowering plants

Aerva is a genus of plants in the family Amaranthaceae. Its species are native to the palaeotropics, throughout continental Africa, Madagascar and smaller islands, through parts of the Middle East, India, and southeast Asia. Aerva javanica is an alien in northern Australia.

<i>Heliotropium arboreum</i> Species of plant

Heliotropium arboreum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It is native to tropical Asia including southern China, Madagascar, northern Australia, and most of the atolls and high islands of Micronesia and Polynesia. Common names include velvetleaf soldierbush, tree heliotrope, veloutier, and octopus bush. It is a shrub or small tree typical of littoral zones reaching a height of 3.6 m (12 ft), with a spread of about 5 m (16 ft).

Hoplestigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, although this is disputed, and it has been placed in its own family Hoplestigmataceae. Its two species are native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast and Liberia in western tropical Africa.

<i>Wellstedia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Wellstedia is a genus of flowering plants traditionally included in the family Boraginaceae s.l., but placed in its own family, Wellstediaceae within the Boraginales order, by the Boraginales Working Group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heliotropioideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Heliotropioideae was a subfamily of the flowering plant family Boraginaceae, comprising roughly 450 species. A 2016 revision of the Boraginales recognises it as a distinct family, Heliotropiaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boraginoideae</span> Subfamily of plants within the borage family (Boraginaceae)

Boraginoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Boraginaceae s.s, with about 42 genera. That family is defined in a much broader sense in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system of classification for flowering plants. The APG has not specified any subfamilial structure within Boraginaceae s.l.

<i>Codon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Codon is a small genus of plants from South Africa in the family Codonaceae in the order Boraginales. The genus Codon comprises two species.

Heliotropiaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics.

<i>Bienertia</i> Genus of plant in the family Amaranthaceae

Bienertia is a flowering plant genus that currently is classified in the family Amaranthaceae s.l.. For long time, the genus was considered to consist only of one species, Bienertia cycloptera, but in 2005 and 2012, two new species have been separated.

<i>Coldenia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coldenia, named after C. Colden, is a monotypic genus of flowering plants traditionally included in the borage family, Boraginaceae sensu lato. It was assigned to the subfamily Ehretioideae, but molecular data revealed it to be more closely related to the genus Cordia, so that other authors placed in Cordioideae. Subsequently, it was placed in its own family, Coldeniaceae, within the Boraginales order, by the Boraginales Working Group.

Myriopus is a genus of flowering plants in the borage and forget-me-not family Boraginaceae, native to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Florida.

Euploca humilis, the dwarf tournefortia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and most of Brazil. Originally described by Linnaeus in 1753, molecular and morphological evidence led to its transfer from Tournefortia to Euploca in 2016.

References

  1. 1 2 "Tropicos – Euploca Nutt". 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 Hilger, H.H.; Diane, N. (2003). "A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data". Botanische Jahrbücher. 125 (1): 19–51. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019. ISSN   0006-8152.
  3. 1 2 3 Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; Gottschling, M.; Guilliams, C.M.; Hasenstab-Lehman, K.E.; Hilger, H.H.; Miller, J.S.; Mittelbach, M.; Nazaire, M.; Nepi, M.; Nocentini, D.; Ober, D.; Olmstead, R.G.; Selvi, F.; Simpson, M.G.; Sutorý, K.; Valdés, B.; Walden, G.K.; Weigend, M. (2016). "Familial classification of the Boraginales". Taxon. 65 (3): 502–522. doi:10.12705/653.5. hdl: 2158/1062790 . ISSN   0040-0262 . Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  4. Nuttall, T. (1837). "Collections towards a flora of the territory of Arkansas". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 5: 189–190. OCLC   2382293.
  5. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi: 10.1111/boj.12385 . Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  6. Sage, R.F. (2016). "A portrait of the C4 photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw156 . ISSN   0022-0957. PMID   27053721. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  7. Vogan, P.J.; Frohlich, M.W.; Sage, R.F. (2007). "The functional significance of C3–C4 intermediate traits in Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae): gas exchange perspectives". Plant, Cell & Environment. 30 (10): 1337–1345. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01706.x . ISSN   0140-7791. PMID   17727423. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  8. Sage, R.F.; Christin, P.-A.; Edwards, E.J. (2011). "The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth". Journal of Experimental Botany. 62 (9): 3155–3169. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err048 . ISSN   0022-0957. PMID   21414957. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg