Eutaw Formation

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Eutaw Formation
Stratigraphic range: Upper Cretaceous
Type Geological formation
Sub-unitsTombigbee Sand Member, Ingersoll Shale
UnderliesAustin Group and Mooreville Chalk Formation
Overlies Tuscaloosa Group
Thickness40 m (130 ft) to 120 m (390 ft)
Lithology
Primary Glauconitic sandstone
Location
Region Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi
Country United States
Type section
Named for Eutaw, Alabama

The Eutaw Formation is a geological formation in North America, within the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. The strata date from the late Coniacian to the early Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous. [1] It consists of the upper Tombigbee Sand Member and an unnamed lower member. Dinosaur, mosasaur, and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the Eutaw Formation. [2] [3]

Contents

Vertebrate paleofauna

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish of the Eutaw Formation
TaxaSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Archaeolamna

A. kopingensis [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Tooth of Cretoxyrhina mantelli MenuhaCretoxyrhinaMantelli.jpg
Tooth of Cretoxyrhina mantelli
Ischyrhiza mira rostral spines Ischyrhiza mira.jpg
Ischyrhiza mira rostral spines
Teeth of Scapanorhynchus texanus ScapanorhynchusCretaceousIsraelTwo.jpg
Teeth of Scapanorhynchus texanus
Squalicorax falcatus Squalicorax falcatusDB.jpg
Squalicorax falcatus

Borodinopristis

B. schwimmeri [4]

Alabama [4]

A sclerorhynchid

Brachyrhizodus

B. mcnultyi [4]

Alabama [4]

Myliobatids

B. wichitaensis [4]

Carcharias

C. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Cantioscyllium

C. globidens [4]

Alabama [4]

Carpet sharks

C. decipiens (=C. meyeri or C. saginatus?) [4]

Chiloscyllium

C. greeni [4]

Alabama [4]

A hemiscylliid

Cretodus

C. semiplicatus [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Cretalamna

C. appendiculata [4]

Alabama [4]

Otodontids

C. serrata [4]

Cretoxyrhina

C. mantelli [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Edaphodon

E. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A chimaera

Heterodontus?

H. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A heterodontiform

Hybodus

H. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A hybodontid

Ischyrhiza

I. mira [4]

Alabama [4]

A rajiform

Lissodus (= Lonchidion?)

L. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A hybodontid

Paranomotodon

P. angustidens [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Pseudocorax

P. laevis [4]

Alabama [4]

A lamniform shark

Pseudohypolophus (= Brachyrhizodus?)

P. mcnultyi [4]

Alabama [4]

A rajiform

Ptychodus

P. mortoni [4]

Alabama [4]

Ptychodontids

P. polygyrus [4]

P. rugosus [4]

Ptychotrygon

P. triangularis (=P. vermiculata and/or P. chattahoochiensis?) [4]

Alabama [4]

A ptychotrygonid

Rajiformes indet. [4]

Alabama [4]

Scapanorhynchus

S. raphiodon [4]

Alabama [4]

Lamniform sharks

S. texanus [4]

Sclerorhynchus?

S. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A rajiform

Squalicorax

S. falcatus [4]

Alabama [4]

Lamniform sharks

S. kaupi [4]

S. pristodontus [4]

Squatina

S. hassei [4]

Alabama [4]

A squatinid

Bony fish

Bony fish of the Eutaw Formation
TaxaSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Albula

A. dunklei [4]

Alabama [4]

A bonefish

Enchodus petrosus Enchodus petrosus.jpg
Enchodus petrosus
Protosphyraena Protosphyraena2Kansas.jpg
Protosphyraena
Stratodus Stratodus DB12.jpg
Stratodus
Xiphactinus audax Xiphactinus audax.png
Xiphactinus audax

Anomoeodus

A. phaseolus [4]

Alabama [4]

A pycnodontid

Atractosteus

A. sp.? [4]

Alabama [4]

A gar

Bananogmius

B. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A plethodid

Belonostomus

B. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

An aspidorhynchiform

Enchodus

E. petrosus [4]

Alabama [4]

An enchodontid

Hadrodus

H. priscus [4]

Alabama [4]

A pycnodontid

Lepisosteus

L. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A gar

Mawsonia

M. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A coelacanthiform fish

Phacodus

P. puncatatus [4]

Alabama [4]

A pycnodontiform

Protosphyraena

P. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A pachycormiform

Stratodus

S. apicalis [4]

Alabama [4]

An aulopiform

Xiphactinus

X. audax [4]

Alabama [4]

An ichthyodectid

Turtles

Turtles of the Eutaw Formation
TaxaSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Chedighaii

C. barberi [4]

Alabama [4]

A bothremydid

Protostega gigas Protostega gigas.jpg
Protostega gigas

Protostega

P. gigas [4]

Alabama [4]

A protostegid

Thinochelys

T. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

Toxochelys

T. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

Trionychidae indet. [4]

Alabama [4]

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaurs of the Eutaw Formation
TaxaSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Discosaurus

D. vetustus [4]

Alabama [4]

An elasmosaurid

Vertebrae of D. vestutus Discosaurus.jpg
Vertebrae of D. vestutus

Elasmosauridae indet. [4]

Alabama [4]

Mosasaurs

Mosasaurs of the Eutaw Formation
TaxaSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Clidastes

Clidastes sp. [2] [4]

Alabama [2] [4]

A mosasaurine

Eonatator sternbergii Eonatator BW.jpg
Eonatator sternbergii
Platecarpus tympaniticus Platecarpus tympaniticus.jpg
Platecarpus tympaniticus
Tylosaurus proriger skull Tylosaurus proriger skull brightened.jpg
Tylosaurus proriger skull

Eonatator

E. sternbergii [2] [5]

Alabama [2]

A halisaurine

  1. E. sternbergii was formerly classified as Halisaurus sternbergii

Globidens

G. alabamaensis [4]

Alabama [4]

A mosasaurine

Platecarpus

P. tympaniticus [2] [4]

Alabama [2] [4]

A plioplatecarpine

Plioplatecarpus

P. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

A plioplatecarpine

Selmasaurus

S. russelli [2] [4]

Alabama [2] [4]

A plioplatecarpine

Tylosaurus

T. nepaeolicus [4]

Alabama [4]

Tylosaurines

T. proriger [4]

Crocodylians

Crocodylians of the Eutaw Formation
GenusSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Borealosuchus

B. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

An eusuchian

A skull of Deinosuchus Alligatoridae - Deinosuchus.jpg
A skull of Deinosuchus

Deinosuchus

D. rugosus? [4]

Alabama [4]

An alligatoroid

Leidyosuchus

L. sp. [4]

Alabama [4]

An alligatoroid

Ornithodires

Dinosaur feathers have been found in the Ingersoll Shale of Georgia, [6] [7] which is a subunit of the Eutaw Formation. [3] Indeterminate hadrosaurid remains have been found in Mississippi. [8] Ornithomimosaurs of medium-size and large-size have also been unearthed in Mississippi. [9]

Ornithodires of the Eutaw Formation
GenusSpeciesStateStratigraphic positionAbundanceNotesImages

Lophorhothon

L. atopus [4]

Alabama [4]

A hadrosauromorph dinosaur

Illustration of a fossil of Lophorhothon Lophorhothon atopus.jpg
Illustration of a fossil of Lophorhothon
Pteranodon sp. Pteranodon hharder.jpg
Pteranodon sp.

Pteranodon

Indeterminate

Georgia [3]

A pteranodontid pterosaur

See also

References

  1. Liu, Kaiyu. "Facies Changes of the Eutaw Formation (Coniacian-Santonian), Onshore to Offshore, Northeastern Gulf of Mexico Area". Department of Geological Sciences. University of Alabama. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kiernan, Caitlin R. (2002). "Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0091:SDAHSO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID   130280406.
  3. 1 2 3 "Coastal Plain Geologic Province". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 Kejiri, T.; Ebersole, J.A.; Blewitt, H.L.; Ebersole, S.M. (2013). "An Overview of Late Cretaceous Vertebrates from Alabama". Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 31 (1): 46–71.
  5. Bardet N, Suberbiola P, Iarochene M, Bouyahyaoui F, Bouya B, Amaghzaz M (2002). "A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (3): 447–472. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00152.x .
  6. KNIGHT, T. K.; BINGHAM, P. S.; LEWIS, R. D.; SAVRDA, C. E. (2011-06-01). "FEATHERS OF THE INGERSOLL SHALE, EUTAW FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS), EASTERN ALABAMA: THE LARGEST COLLECTION OF FEATHERS FROM NORTH AMERICAN MESOZOIC ROCKS" . PALAIOS. 26 (6): 364–376. doi:10.2110/palo.2010.p10-091r. ISSN   0883-1351.
  7. Bingham, P. Sean; Savrda, Charles E.; Knight, Terrell K.; Lewis, Ronald D. (2008). "Character and Genesis of the Ingersoll Shale, a Compact Continental Fossil-Lagerstätte, Upper Cretaceous Eutaw Formation, Eastern Alabama". PALAIOS. 23 (5/6): 391–401. ISSN   0883-1351.
  8. Kaye, John M.; Russell, Dale A. (January 1973). "The Oldest Record of Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs in North America". Journal of Paleontology. 47 (1): 91–93. JSTOR   1302869.
  9. Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar; Cullen, Thomas; Phillips, George; Rolke, Richard; Zanno, Lindsay E. (2022-03-25). "Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America": 2022.03.25.485782. doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485782. S2CID   247749395.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)