Exophthalmus

Last updated

Exophthalmus
Exophthalmus sp. Weevil from Costa Rica (26616930281).jpg
Exophthalmus sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Curculionidae
Subfamily:
Entiminae
Tribe:
Eustylini
Genus:
Exophthalmus

Schönherr, 1823

Exophthalmus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae. [1] It contains 85 described species. [2] [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

Exophthalmus was named for the first time by Carl Johan Schönherr in 1823 (column 1140). [4] It belongs in the tribe Eustylini. [1]

In revising the Jamaican species, Vaurie offers an overview to the genus and its taxonomic conflicts. [5] A preliminary phylogeny for Exophthalmus and its allies was presented by Franz. [6] It is part of the so-called "Exophthalmus genus complex" [6] which involves members of the genera Diaprepes , Compsus , Lachnopus , among others. Based on morphological and molecuelar evidence, it has been proposed that the genus needs to be reclassified to better reflect the actual distribution of natural clades. [7]

Dorsal view of Exophthalmus parentheticus in the field in Ecuador. By Diego Inclan Exophthalmus parentheticus.jpg
Dorsal view of Exophthalmus parentheticus in the field in Ecuador. By Diego Inclan

Description

In general, Exophthalmus species are characterized by the smooth and broad longitudinal bridge running longitudinally across the rostrum. There is a lot of variation in sizes, density, coloration, and patterning of the scale coverage.

Distribution

Species of this genus are present in Central America, northern South America and the Caribbean. [2]

Selected species

  1. Exophthalmus agrestis(Boheman, 1834): 291: [8] [2] [3] Mexico, Paraguay.
  2. Exophthalmus albidusChampion, 1911: 255: [9] Mexico.
  3. Exophthalmus albofasciatus(Champion, 1911): 180: [9] [10] Honduras.
  4. Exophthalmus albolineatusChampion, 1911: 262: [9] Mexico.
  5. Exophthalmus albosquamosus(Sallé, 1855): 268: [11] Dominican Republic.
  6. Exophthalmus albovittatusChampion, 1911: 263: [9] Guatemala.
  7. Exophthalmus annulonotatusWaterhouse, 1879: 423: [12] Colombia, Ecuador.
  8. Exophthalmus aurarius(Gyllenhal, 1834): 12: [8] Guadeloupe.
  9. Exophthalmus bilineatusChampion, 1911: 265: [9] Guatemala.
  10. Exophthalmus caeruleovittatusChampion, 1911: 264: [9] Guatemala.
  11. Exophthalmus carinirostris(Boheman, 1840): 187: [13] Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua.
  12. Exophthalmus carneipesChampion, 1911: 257: [9] Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama.
  13. Exophthalmus chrysopusChevrolat, 1880: 165: [14] Dominican Republic, Haiti.
  14. Exophthalmus cinerascens(Fabricius, 1792): 452: [15] Hispaniola, French Guiana.
  15. Exophthalmus clathratusChampion, 1911: 264: [9] Mexico.
  16. Exophthalmus consobrinus(Marshall, 1922): 190: [16] Colombia.
  17. Exophthalmus costatus(Gyllenhal, 1834): 18: [8] Hispaniola.
  18. Exophthalmus crassicornisKirsch, 1868: 238: [17] Panama, Colombia.
  19. Exophthalmus cupreipesChampion, 1911: 257: [9] [18] Mexico.
  20. Exophthalmus cuprirostrisChampion, 1911: 247: [9] Costa Rica.
  21. Exophthalmus depressicollis(Gyllenhal, 1834): 22: [8] Hispaniola.
  22. Exophthalmus distigmaChampion, 1911: 259: [9] Guatemala.
  23. Exophthalmus dufaui(Hustache, 1929): 198: [19] Guadeloupe.
  24. Exophthalmus duplicatusChampion, 1911: 263: [9] Mexico.
  25. Exophthalmus farrVaurie, 1961: 35: [5] Jamaica.
  26. Exophthalmus fasciatusChampion, 1911: 252: [9] Mexico.
  27. Exophthalmus foveicollis(Chevrolat, 1880): 175: [20] Guadeloupe.
  28. Exophthalmus frenatus(Marshall, 1934): 624: [21] Dominican Republic, Haiti.
  29. Exophthalmus gundlachiChevrolat, 1880: 165: [14] Cuba.
  30. Exophthalmus haitiensisBovie, 1907: 68: [22] Haiti.
  31. Exophthalmus hemigrammus(Chevrolat, 1880): 197: [23] Martinique.
  32. Exophthalmus hieroglyphicusChevrolat, 1879: XCVII: [24] Hispaniola.
  33. Exophthalmus humeridens(Marshall, 1934): 623: [21] Cuba.
  34. Exophthalmus humilis(Gyllenhal, 1834): 28: [8] Brazil.
  35. Exophthalmus hybridus(Chevrolat, 1858): 210: [25] Cuba.
  36. Exophthalmus impositus(Pascoe, 1880): 427: [26] Costa Rica, Nicaragua.
  37. Exophthalmus impressus(Fabricius, 1781): 192: [27] Jamaica.
  38. Exophthalmus inaequalis(Gyllenhal, 1834): 23: [8] Hispaniola.
  39. Exophthalmus interpositusChampion, 1911: 253: [9] Mexico.
  40. Exophthalmus interruptus(Chevrolat, 1880): 165: [14] Guadeloupe.
  41. Exophthalmus jekelianus(White, 1858): 357: [28] Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia.
  42. Exophthalmus laetus(Olivier, 1807): 326: [29] Dominican Republic, Haiti.
  43. Exophthalmus lepidus(Chevrolat, 1858): 210: [25] Cuba.
  44. Exophthalmus leucographus(Gyllenhal, 1834): 19: [8] Hispaniola.
  45. Exophthalmus lunarisChampion, 1911: 266: [9] Belize, Guatemala, Mexico.
  46. Exophthalmus maculosusChevrolat, 1879: XCVIII: [24] Cuba.
  47. Exophthalmus mannerheimiBoheman, 1840: 338: [13] Dominican Republic, Haiti.
  48. Exophthalmus margaritaceusChampion, 1911: 255: [9] Honduras, Nicaragua.
  49. Exophthalmus marginicollis(Chevrolat, 1880): 175: [20] Guadeloupe.
  50. Exophthalmus marmoreus(Gyllenhal, 1840): 352: [13] Guadeloupe.
  51. Exophthalmus martinicensisChevrolat, 1879: XCVIII: [24] Martinique.
  52. Exophthalmus mixtusChevrolat, 1880: 165: [14] Cuba.
  53. Exophthalmus murinus(Rosenschoeld, 1840): 354: [13] Suriname.
  54. Exophthalmus nicaraguensisBovie, 1907: 327: [22] Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.
  55. Exophthalmus nubilus(Rosenschoeld, 1840): 355: [13] Mexico.
  56. Exophthalmus obsoletus(Olivier, 1807): 325: [29] Haiti.
  57. Exophthalmus opulentus(Boheman, 1840): 365: [13] Guatemala, Mexico.
  58. Exophthalmus ornatusChampion, 1911: 253: [9] Guatemala.
  59. Exophthalmus parentheticus(Marshall, 1922): 191: [16] Ecuador.
  60. Exophthalmus pictus(Guérin-Méneville, 1847): 9: [30] Cuba.
  61. Exophthalmus plicatusChampion, 1911: 268: [9] Panama.
  62. Exophthalmus pugnax(Olivier, 1807): 349: [29] Haiti.
  63. Exophthalmus pulchellusBoheman, 1834: 5: [8] South America.
  64. Exophthalmus pulverulentus(Champion, 1911): 180: [9] [10] Nicaragua.
  65. Exophthalmus quadrivittatus(Olivier, 1807): 325: [29] Dominican Republic, Haiti.
  66. Exophthalmus quindecimpunctatus(Olivier, 1807): 300: [29] Puerto Rico.
  67. Exophthalmus roralis(Boheman, 1840): 356: [13] Mexico.
  68. Exophthalmus roseipes(Chevrolat, 1876): CCXXVII: [31] Puerto Rico.
  69. Exophthalmus scalaris(Boheman, 1840): 349: [13] Costa Rica, Cuba.
  70. Exophthalmus scalptusChampion, 1911: 259: [9] Costa Rica.
  71. Exophthalmus similis(Drury, 1773): pl. XXXIII: [32] Jamaica.
  72. Exophthalmus sphacelatus(Olivier, 1807): 319: [29] Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
  73. Exophthalmus squamipennisGemminger, 1871: 119: [33] Hispaniola.
  74. Exophthalmus sulcicrusChampion, 1911: 268: [9] Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia.
  75. Exophthalmus sulcipennisChampion, 1911: 265: [9] Guatemala.
  76. Exophthalmus sulphuratusChevrolat, 1879: XCVII: [24] Cuba.
  77. Exophthalmus tessellatusChampion, 1911: 262: [9] Costa Rica.
  78. Exophthalmus trianguliferChampion, 1911: 261: [9] Costa Rica, Panama.
  79. Exophthalmus verecundus(Chevrolat, 1833): 16: [34] El Salvador, Mexico.
  80. Exophthalmus vermiculatusChampion, 1911: 264: [9] Mexico.
  81. Exophthalmus viridilineatusChampion, 1911: 266: [9] Panama.
  82. Exophthalmus viridipupillatus(Cockerell, 1893): 374: [35] [5] Jamaica.
  83. Exophthalmus vitraci(Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1889): 380: [36] Guadeloupe.
  84. Exophthalmus vittatus(Linnaeus, 1758): 380: [37] Jamaica.
  85. Exophthalmus vitticollisChampion, 1911: 256: [9] Belize, Guatemala.

Related Research Articles

Koanophyllon is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. They are perennials and shrubs and are native to South America, Central America, the West Indies, Mexico, with a few species range extending into the United States. The flowers are white to pinkish.

<i>Suphisellus</i> Genus of beetles

Suphisellus is a genus of beetles in the family Noteridae, containing the following species:

<i>Sphenophorus</i> Genus of beetles

Sphenophorus is a genus of weevils, often known as billbugs, in the family Curculionidae, and tribe Sphenophorini. Eleven species of billbugs infest managed turfgrass in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anypotactini</span> Tribe of beetles

The Anypotactini are a Neotropical weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae. It includes 81 described species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eustylini</span> Tribe of beetles

Eustylini is a primarily Neotropical weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geonemini</span> Tribe of beetles

Geonemini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

Tanymecini is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae.

<i>Diaprepes</i> Genus of beetles

Diaprepes Schönherr 1823: 1140 is a genus of broad-nosed weevil belonging to the family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae, tribe Eustylini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pandeleteius</span> Genus of beetles

Pandeleteius is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae. There are over 150 described species in Pandeleteius, distributed across the Americas. Most species in the genus were described by Anne Howden.

<i>Ericydeus</i> Genus of beetles

Ericydeus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about 16 described species in Ericydeus.

Tachygonus is a genus of flea weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are more than 80 described species in Tachygonus.

<i>Hadromeropsis</i> Genus of beetles

Hadromeropsis is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae.

<i>Polydacrys</i> Genus of insects

Polydacrys is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae, tribe Anypotactini, present across the Americas and the Caribbean. There are eight described species in Polydacrys.

<i>Eustylus</i> Genus of beetles

Eustylus is a neotropical genus of broad-nosed weevils in the subfamily Entiminae, tribe Eustylini.

<i>Oxyderces</i> Genus of beetles

Oxyderces is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae distributed in South America. It can be recognized by the presence of dense setae on the apex of the rostrum and postocular setae.

<i>Lachnopus</i> Genus of insects

Lachnopus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae distributed in the Caribbean Region.

<i>Brachyomus</i> Genus of beetles

Brachyomus is a Neotropical genus of broad-nosed weevils in the subfamily Entiminae, tribe Eustylini.

<i>Synthlibonotus</i> Genus of beetles

Synthlibonotus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae distributed in northern South America.

<i>Anypotactus</i> Genus of weevils found in Central and South America

Anypotactus is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae, tribe Anypotactini, present across Central and South America. There are six described species in Anypotactus.

<i>Cyrtomon</i> Genus of insects

Cyrtomon is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, present only in South America. There are six described species in Cyrtomon.

References

  1. 1 2 Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A.; Lyal, C. H. C. (1999). A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae (PDF). Barcelona, Spain: Entomopraxis. pp. 315 pp.
  2. 1 2 3 Wibmer, G. J.; O’Brien, C. W. (1986). "Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 39: 1–563.
  3. 1 2 O’Brien, C.W.; Wibmer, G.J. (1982). "Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)" (PDF). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 34: 1–382. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2021-12-24.
  4. ↑ Schönherr, C. J. (1823). Curculionides [Tabula synoptica familiae Curculionidum]. Isis von Oken. pp. 1132–1146.
  5. 1 2 3 Vaurie, P. (1961). "A review of the Jamaican species of the genus Exophthalmus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Otiorhynchinae)". American Museum Novitates (2062): 1–41. hdl:2246/3431.
  6. 1 2 Franz, Nico M. (2012). "Phylogenetic reassessment of the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini, Geonemini)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 164 (3): 510–557. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00774.x .
  7. ↑ Guanyang Zhang; Franz, Nico (2015). "Systematics of Eustylini - Reclassification of the Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae)". doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2677.1923.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schönherr, C.J. (1834). Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae, tomus secundus, pars prima. Vol. 2. Paris: Roret. pp. 673 pp.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Sharp, D.; Champion, G.C. (1911). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Volume 4. part 3. Rhynchophora. Curculionidae. Vol. 4. London: R. H. Porter. pp. 354 + pl. 15 pp.
  10. 1 2 O'Brien, C.W.; Kovarik, P.W. (2000). "The Genus Diaprepes - Its Origin and Geographical Distribution in the Caribbean Region". irrec.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-24.
  11. ↑ Sallé, M.A. (1855). "Description de dix espèces nouvelles de Coléoptères, recueillis de 1849 a 1851 dans la Répubique Dominicaine (Ancienne partie espagnole de l'ile de Saint Domingue ou Haïti)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Série 3. 3: 263–272.
  12. ↑ Waterhouse, C.O. (1879). "Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Medellin, Colombia, recently added to the British Museum collection". Cistula Entomologica. 2: 421–429.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schönherr, C.J. (1840). Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae, tomus sextus, pars prima. Vol. 6. Paris: Roret. pp. 474 pp.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1880). "Diagnoses de Curculionides des Antilles". Le Naturaliste. 2: 165–166.
  15. ↑ Fabricius, J.C. (1792). Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus descriptionibus, tom. 1, pars 2. Vol. 1. Hafniae: Impensis Christ. Gottl. Proft. pp. 538 pp.
  16. 1 2 Marshall, Guy A. K. (1922). "VI. On New Genera and Species of Neotropical Curculionidae". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 70 (1–2): 181–224. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1922.tb02830.x. ISSN   1365-2311.
  17. ↑ Kirsch, Th. (1867). "Beiträge zur Käferfauna von Bogotà". Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift. 11 (3–4): 215–243. doi:10.1002/mmnd.18670110303.
  18. ↑ Bautista-Martínez, Néstor; Illescas-Riquelme, Carlos Patricio; López-Bautista, Everardo; Jones, Robert W.; López-Buenfil, José Abel (2020-01-23). "Exophthalmus cupreipes Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Citrus Crops in Mexico". Florida Entomologist. 102 (4): 708. doi: 10.1653/024.102.0406 . ISSN   0015-4040. S2CID   210872450.
  19. ↑ Hustache, A. (1929). Curculionides de la Guadeloupe. Partie 1. In: Faune des Colonies Françaises. Paris: Société d’Éditions.
  20. 1 2 Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1880). "Diagnoses de Diaprepes, genre de Curculionides de la Guadeloupe". Le Naturaliste. 2: 175.
  21. 1 2 Marshall, Guy A.K. (1934). "LXIV.— New West Indian Curculionidæ ( Col. )". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (84): 621–635. doi:10.1080/00222933408654938. ISSN   0374-5481.
  22. 1 2 Bovie, A. (1907). "Notes sur les Curculionides [Première partie]". Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique. 51: 67–71.
  23. ↑ Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1880). "Diagnoses de Curculionides de la Martinique". Le Naturaliste. 2: 197–198.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1879). "Descriptions de quatre nouvelles espèces de Curculionides des Antilles, appartenant au genre Exophthalmus". Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Bulletin des Séances. 9: XCVII–XCVIII.
  25. 1 2 Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1858). "Descriptions de Coléoptères de la partie méridionale de l'île de Cuba". Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée. 2: 209–212.
  26. ↑ Pascoe, F.P. (1880). "New Neotropical Curculionidae. Part I". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 5 (29): 419–428. doi:10.1080/00222938009459433.
  27. ↑ Fabricius, Johann Christian (1781). Species insectorum, exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin, adjectis observationibus, descriptionibus. Hamburgi et Kilonii: impensis C. E. Bohnii. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36509.
  28. ↑ Jekel, H. (1858). "Spicilegia Entomologica II: Descriptions of new Curculionidous beetles collectedon the voyage of H. M. S. Herald". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3: 356–351.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Olivier, G.A. (1807). Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des insectes: avec leurs caractères génériques et spécifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminée. Coléoptères. Tome Cinquieme. Paris: De l’Imprimerie de Baudoin. pp. 612 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61905.
  30. ↑ Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1847). "Décade entomologique". Revue Zoologique. 10: 2–11.
  31. ↑ Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1876). "donne la description de Curculionites provenant des captures de M. le docteur Gundlach à l'île de Porto-Rico". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 5: CCXXVII–CCXXIX.
  32. ↑ Drury, D. (1773). Illustrations of natural history. Wherein are exhibited upwards of two hundred and forty figures of exotic insects, according to their different genera; very few of which have hitherto been figured by any author, being engraved and coloured from nature, with the greatest accuracy, and under the author's own inspection, on fifty copper-plates. With a particular description of each insect: interspersed with remarks and reflections on the nature and properties of many of them, volume 2. Vol. 2. London: B. White.
  33. ↑ Gemmiger, M.; von Harold, E. (1871). Catalogus coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Curculionidae. Vol. 8. Monachii: Gummi. pp. 2181–2668.
  34. ↑ Chevrolat, Auguste (1834). Coléoptères du Mexique. Strasbourg: Impr. de G. Silbermann.
  35. ↑ Cockerell, T.D.A. (1893). "The Jamaican species of Praepodes, Schön". Journal of the Institute of Jamaica. 1: 374–375.
  36. ↑ Fleutiaux, E.; Sallé, A. (1889). "Liste des Coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Série 6. 9: 351–484.
  37. ↑ Linné, Carl von (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae : Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Holmiae: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. pp. 824 pp.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.