| Falklandoglenes | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | Falklandoglenes Usher, 1983 |
| Type species | |
| Falklandoglenes spinosa Usher, 1983 | |
| Species | |
4, see text | |
Falklandoglenes is a genus of South American dwarf spiders that was first described by M. B. Usher in 1983. [1]
As of March 2023 [update] it contains four species, all found in the Falkland Islands: [2]
The Falkland Islands are located in the South Atlantic Ocean between 51°S and 53°S on a projection of the Patagonian Shelf, part of the South American continental shelf. In ancient geological time this shelf was part of Gondwana, and around 400 million years ago split from what is now Africa and drifted westwards from it. Today the islands are subjected to the Roaring Forties, winds that shape both their geography and climate.
The bowl and doily spider is a species of sheet weaver found in North and Central America. It is a small spider, about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, that weaves a fairly complex and unique sheet web system consisting of an inverted dome shaped web, or "bowl," suspended above a horizontal sheet web, or "doily", hence its common name. The spider hangs from the underside of the "bowl", and bites through the web small flies, gnats and other small insects that fall down into the non-sticky webbing. The webs are commonly seen in weedy fields and in shrubs, and may often contain both a male and a female spider in late summer—like many linyphiids, Frontinella males and females may cohabitate for some time. Males exhibit competition for female mates both by fighting and sperm competition. Uniquely, these spiders exhibit behavioral thermoregulation and have lengthened circadian rhythms.
Linyphiidae, spiders commonly known as sheet weavers, or money spiders is a family of very small spiders comprising 4706 described species in 620 genera worldwide. This makes Linyphiidae the second largest family of spiders after the Salticidae. The family is poorly understood due to their small body size and wide distribution, new genera and species are still being discovered throughout the world. The newest such genus is Himalafurca from Nepal, formally described in April 2021 by Tanasevitch. Since it is so difficult to identify such tiny spiders, there are regular changes in taxonomy as species are combined or divided.
The striated caracara or Forster's caracara is a Near Threatened bird of prey of the family Falconidae, the falcons and caracaras. It is found in Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands. In the Falklands it is known as the Johnny rook, probably named after the Johnny penguin.
The Falkland Islands is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 mi (480 km) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about 752 mi (1,210 km) from Cape Dubouzet at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of 4,700 sq mi (12,000 km2), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, but the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The capital and largest settlement is Stanley on East Falkland.
Uahuka is a genus of South Pacific sheet weavers endemic to the Marquesas Islands that was first described by Lucien Berland in 1935. It was transferred to the family Symphytognathidae in 1972, but the transfer was rejected in 1980.
Uapou is a monotypic genus of South Pacific sheet weaver spiders containing the single species, Uapou maculata. It was first described by Lucien Berland in 1935, and is found on Ua Pou, one of the Marquesas Islands. It was transferred to the family Symphytognathidae by H. W. Levi in 1972, but this was rejected by Brignoli in 1980. The World Spider Catalog places it in the family Linyphiidae.
Molestia is a genus of East Asian dwarf spiders that was first described by L. H. Tu, Michael I. Saaristo & S. Q. Li in 2006.
Linyphia triangularis is a European species of spider in the family Linyphiidae first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in his 1758 Svenska Spindlar.
Orsonwelles is a genus of American dwarf spiders that was first described by G. Hormiga in 2002. They are all native to the Hawaiian Islands, each species occurring on a single island, often at high elevations. One species has not been collected since the 1890s, and is believed to be extinct. The name honors the actor and film-maker Orson Welles. Many of the species names commemorate elements from Welles' films, radio productions, or roles.
Laminacauda is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Alfred Frank Millidge in 1985.
Atypena is a genus of Asian dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894.
Epiceraticelus is a genus of North American dwarf spiders containing two species: Epiceraticelus fluvialis and Epiceraticelus mandyae. The first described species in the genus, E. fluvialis, was first described by C. R. Crosby & S. C. Bishop in 1931, and has only been found in the Midwestern and Eastern United States. The second species, E. mandyae, was described in 2019 by M. L. Draney et al. and occurs in the Southeastern United States from Eastern New Jersey south to Georgia and west to Louisiana. The male of E. mandyae has a curved proboscis that extends from below the eyes. Epiceraticelus mandyae was named after the late arachnologist, Amanda Howe, in honor of her contributions to the North American arachnology community.
Limoneta is a genus of African dwarf spiders that was first described by R. Bosmans & R. Jocqué in 1983. As of May 2019 it contains only two species, both found in Cameroon, Kenya, and South Africa: L. graminicola and L. sirimoni.
Microbathyphantes is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by P. J. van Helsdingen in 1985.
Monocerellus is a monotypic genus of Asian dwarf spiders containing the single species, Monocerellus montanus. It was first described by A. V. Tanasevitch in 1983, and has only been found in Russia.
Neomaso is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Notiomaso is a genus of South American dwarf spiders that was first described by Nathan Banks in 1914.
Erigomicronus is a genus of sheet weavers erected by A. V. Tanasevitch in 2018 for two east Asian species. In the following week, B. K. Seo published the new genus Collis for three Korean species. Further investigation revealed that all five belonged to the same genus, and preferences was given to the one published mere days before the other.
Notolinga is a monotypic genus of South American sheet weavers containing the single species, Notolinga fuegiana. It is a replacement name for Linga, already in use by a genus of molluscs. Eugène Simon described the first female in 1902 under the name "Neriene fuegiana", but the first male was not described until 2019. It has only been found in Argentina and on the Falkland Islands.