Family of spiders
"Sheet weaver" redirects here. For sheetweb spider, see
Stiphidiidae .
Linyphiidae, spiders commonly known as sheet weavers (from the shape of their webs), or money spiders (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and in Portugal, from the superstition that if such a spider is seen running on one, it has come to spin the person new clothes, meaning financial good fortune) is a family of very small spiders comprising 4706 described species in 620 genera worldwide. [2] This makes Linyphiidae the second largest family of spiders after the Salticidae . The family is poorly understood due to their small body size and wide distribution; new genera and species are still being discovered throughout the world. The newest such genus is Himalafurca from Nepal, formally described in April 2021 by Tanasevitch. [2] Since it is so difficult to identify such tiny spiders, there are regular changes in taxonomy as species are combined or divided.
Money spiders are known for drifting through the air via a technique termed "ballooning ". [3]
Within the agriculture industry, money spiders are regarded as biological control agents against pest species like aphids and springtails . [4] [5]
Distribution Spiders of this family occur nearly worldwide. In Norway many species have been found walking on snow at temperatures of down to −7 °C.
While these spiders are light enough to utilize ballooning for travel, [8] they are limited by the physics of an often turbulent atmosphere and microclimate. [9] For this reason ballooning spiders have little control over where they land, [10] leading to a high mortality rate for the practice and its predominant usage by spiderlings and juveniles. The travel of money spiders by ballooning likely contributes to their vast distribution and speciation.
Taxonomy The Pimoidae are the sister group to the Linyphiidae. [1]
There are six subfamilies, of which Linyphiinae (the sheetweb spiders), Erigoninae (the dwarf spiders), and Micronetinae, contain the majority of described species.
Many species have been described in monotypic genera , especially in the Erigoninae, which probably reflects the scientific techniques traditionally used in this family. [1] Common genera include Neriene , Lepthyphantes , Erigone , Eperigone , Bathyphantes , Troglohyphantes , Tennesseellum and many others. These are among the most abundant spiders in the temperate regions, although many are also found in the tropics. The generally larger bodied members of the subfamily Linyphiinae are commonly found in classic "bowl and doily" webs or filmy domes. The usually tiny members of the Erigoninae are builders of tiny sheet webs. These tiny spiders (usually 3 mm or less) commonly balloon even as adults and may be very numerous in a given area on one day, only to disappear the next.
Males in the subfamily Erigoninae typically have modified cephalothoraxes. These modifications are diagnostic for a given taxon, being genus or species-specific. These come in an impressive array of forms including, but not limited to, grooves, tubercles, projections, bumps, lobes, and spines. Occasionally, the projections may be decorated with tufts of hair or even bear eyes.
The following are select examples of species in which males possess rather remarkable modifications. Walckenaeria acuminata has its eyes placed on a tall, thin spire whose height exceeds the length of the cephalothorax. Grammonota gigas has a transverse row of four longitudinal lobes behind the eyes. Gnathonargus unicorn has a long, slender, upward-pointing clypeal projection resembling a unicorn horn. Hypselistes florens has a cephalic lobe shaped like an hourglass when viewed from the front. Perregrinus deformis has a short, downcurved clypeal projection resembling a human nose. Praestigia kulczynskii has its anterior median eyes placed ventrally at the end of a long, thick projection issuing from the clypeus. The genera Coreorgonal and Spirembolus have their cephalic regions deeply divided into two pronounced lobes. Eskovia exarmata has a cephalothorax shaped like a trapezoid when viewed laterally. Horcotes quadricristatus has a single, sharp tooth sticking up between the anterior and posterior eyes. [12] [13]
Similarly, the pedipalps of males range from simple to complex in their design, with some possessing striking features and arrangements of palpal sclerites that are unique for a given genus and/or species.
A few spiders in this family include:
Genera As of May 2021 [ update] World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: [2]
Abacoproeces Simon, 1884 — Austria, Russia Aberdaria Holm, 1962 — Kenya Abiskoa Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000 — Poland, Russia, China Acanoides Sun, Marusik & Tu, 2014 — China Acanthoneta Eskov & Marusik, 1992 — North America, Asia Acartauchenius Simon, 1884 — Asia, Africa, Europe Acorigone Wunderlich, 2008 — Azores Acroterius Irfan, Bashir & Peng, 2021 — China Adelonetria Millidge, 1991 — Chile Afribactrus Wunderlich, 1995 — South Africa Afromynoglenes Merrett & Russell-Smith, 1996 — Ethiopia Afroneta Holm, 1968 — Africa Agnyphantes Hull, 1932 — Canada, Russia, China Agyneta Hull, 1911 — South America, Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Bermuda, Panama, Australia Agyphantes Saaristo & Marusik, 2004 — Russia Ainerigone Eskov, 1993 — Russia, Japan Algarveneta Wunderlich, 2021 — Portugal Alioranus Simon, 1926 — Asia, Greece Allomengea Strand, 1912 — Asia, Canada Allotiso Tanasevitch, 1990 — Turkey, Georgia Anacornia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — United States Anguliphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Asia, Romania Anibontes Chamberlin, 1924 — United States Annapolis Millidge, 1984 — United States Anodoration Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Argentina Anthrobia Tellkampf, 1844 — United States Antrohyphantes Dumitrescu, 1971 — Bulgaria Aperturina Tanasevitch, 2014 — Thailand, Malaysia Aphileta Hull, 1920 — Kazakhstan, United States, Russia Apobrata Miller, 2004 — Philippines Aprifrontalia Oi, 1960 — Asia Arachosinella Denis, 1958 — Asia Araeoncus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, Africa, New Zealand Archaraeoncus Tanasevitch, 1987 — Asia, Europe Arcterigone Eskov & Marusik, 1994 — Russia, Canada Arcuphantes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 — North America, Asia Ascetophantes Tanasevitch & Saaristo, 2006 — Nepal Asemostera Simon, 1898 — Central America, South America Asiafroneta Tanasevitch, 2020 — Borneo Asiagone Tanasevitch, 2014 — Thailand, China, Laos Asiceratinops Eskov, 1992 — Russia Asiophantes Eskov, 1993 — Russia Asperthorax Oi, 1960 — Russia, Japan, China Asthenargellus Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya Asthenargoides Eskov, 1993 — Russia Asthenargus Simon & Fage, 1922 — Africa, Europe, Asia Atypena Simon, 1894 — Asia Australolinyphia Wunderlich, 1976 — Australia Australophantes Tanasevitch, 2012 — Indonesia, Australia Bactrogyna Millidge, 1991 — Chile Baryphyma Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia Baryphymula Eskov, 1992 — Japan Bathylinyphia Eskov, 1992 — Asia Bathyphantes Menge, 1866 — North America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Argentina, Oceania Batueta Locket, 1982 — Asia Bifurcia Saaristo, Tu & Li, 2006 — China, Russia Birgerius Saaristo, 1973 — France, Spain Bisetifer Tanasevitch, 1987 — Ukraine, Russia Bishopiana Eskov, 1988 — Russia Blestia Millidge, 1993 — United States Bolephthyphantes Strand, 1901 — Greenland, Russia, Kazakhstan Bolyphantes C. L. Koch, 1837 — Asia, Europe Bordea Bosmans, 1995 — Portugal, Spain, France Brachycerasphora Denis, 1962 — Africa, Asia Bursellia Holm, 1962 — Africa Caenonetria Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Callitrichia Fage, 1936 — Africa, Asia Callosa Zhao & Li, 2017 — China Camafroneta Frick & Scharff, 2018 — Cameroon Cameroneta Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 — Cameroon Canariellanum Wunderlich, 1987 — Canary Is. Canariphantes Wunderlich, 1992 — Africa, Israel, Europe Capsulia Saaristo, Tu & Li, 2006 — China Caracladus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia Carorita Duffey & Merrett, 1963 — Russia, China Cassafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Catacercus Millidge, 1985 — Chile Catonetria Millidge & Ashmole, 1994 — Ascension Is. Caucasopisthes Tanasevitch, 1990 — Caucasus Cautinella Millidge, 1985 — Chile Caviphantes Oi, 1960 — Romania, Asia, United States Centromerita Dahl, 1912 — United States, Canada Centromerus Dahl, 1886 — Europe, Asia, Africa, North America Centrophantes Miller & Polenec, 1975 — Slovenia, Austria Ceraticelus Simon, 1884 — North America, Europe, Russia, Cuba Ceratinella Emerton, 1882 — North America, Asia, Europe, Australia Ceratinops Banks, 1905 — United States, Canada Ceratinopsidis Bishop & Crosby, 1930 — United States Ceratinopsis Emerton, 1882 — Africa, North America, Asia, Guatemala, Cuba Ceratocyba Holm, 1962 — Kenya Cheniseo Bishop & Crosby, 1935 — United States, Canada Chenisides Denis, 1962 — Congo, Kenya Cherserigone Denis, 1954 — Algeria Chiangmaia Millidge, 1995 — Thailand Chthiononetes Millidge, 1993 — Australia Cinetata Wunderlich, 1995 — Georgia Cirrosus Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Claviphantes Tanasevitch & Saaristo, 2006 — Nepal Cnephalocotes Simon, 1884 — Canada, Russia, France Collinsia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1913 — Asia, North America, Europe Coloncus Chamberlin, 1949 — United States, Canada Comorella Jocqué, 1985 — Comoros Concavocephalus Eskov, 1989 — Russia Conglin Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Connithorax Eskov, 1993 — Russia Coreorgonal Bishop & Crosby, 1935 — United States, Canada Cornicephalus Saaristo & Wunderlich, 1995 — China Cornitibia Lin, Lopardo & Uhl, 2022 - Nepal Cresmatoneta Simon, 1929 — Asia Crispiphantes Tanasevitch, 1992 — China, Korea, Russia Crosbyarachne Charitonov, 1937 — Turkey, Europe Crosbylonia Eskov, 1988 — Russia Cryptolinyphia Millidge, 1991 — Colombia Ctenophysis Millidge, 1985 — Chile Curtimeticus Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Cyphonetria Millidge, 1995 — Thailand Dactylopisthes Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, North America Dactylopisthoides Eskov, 1990 — Russia Decipiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Belarus, Asia Deelemania Jocqué & Bosmans, 1983 — Africa Dendronetria Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Denisiphantes Tu, Li & Rollard, 2005 — China Diastanillus Simon, 1926 — France, Austria, Norway Dicornua Oi, 1960 — Japan Dicymbium Menge, 1868 — North America, Asia Didectoprocnemis Denis, 1950 — Europe, Africa Diechomma Millidge, 1991 — Colombia Diplocentria Hull, 1911 — Asia, Sweden, North America Diplocephaloides Oi, 1960 — Korea, Japan, China Diplocephalus Bertkau, 1883 — Africa, Europe, North America, Asia Diploplecta Millidge, 1988 — New Zealand Diplostyla Emerton, 1882 — Turkey, Russia Diplothyron Millidge, 1991 — Venezuela Disembolus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — United States, Canada Dismodicus Simon, 1884 — Russia, North America, Europe Doenitzius Oi, 1960 — Asia Dolabritor Millidge, 1991 — Colombia Donacochara Simon, 1884 — Angola Drapetisca Menge, 1866 — United States, New Zealand, Asia Drepanotylus Holm, 1945 — Asia, Bulgaria Dresconella Denis, 1950 — France Dubiaranea Mello-Leitão, 1943 — South America, Indonesia Dumoga Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Dunedinia Millidge, 1988 — New Zealand, Australia Eborilaira Eskov, 1989 — Russia Eldonnia Tanasevitch, 2008 — Russia, Korea, Japan Emenista Simon, 1894 — India Emertongone Lin, Lopardo & Uhl, 2022 - USA Enguterothrix Denis, 1962 — Congo, Asia Entelecara Simon, 1884 — North America, Asia, Europe, Algeria Eordea Simon, 1899 — Indonesia Epibellowia Tanasevitch, 1996 — Russia, Japan Epiceraticelus Crosby & Bishop, 1931 — United States Epigyphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2004 — Russia Epigytholus Tanasevitch, 1996 — Russia, Mongolia Episolder Tanasevitch, 1996 — Russia Epiwubana Millidge, 1991 — Chile Eridantes Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States, Mexico, Canada Erigokhabarum Tanasevitch, 2022 - Russia (Far East) Erigomicronus Tanasevitch, 2018 — Japan, Russia, China Erigone Audouin, 1826 — North America, Europe, South America, Panama, Asia, Africa, Caribbean, Oceania Erigonella Dahl, 1901 — Canada, Asia, France Erigonoploides Eskov, 1989 — Russia Erigonoplus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, Morocco Erigonops Scharff, 1990 — South Africa Erigophantes Wunderlich, 1995 — Indonesia Eskovia Marusik & Saaristo, 1999 — Russia, Canada, Mongolia Eskovina Kocak & Kemal, 2006 — Russia, China, Korea Esophyllas Prentice & Redak, 2012 — United States Estrandia Blauvelt, 1936 — Russia, China, Japan Eulaira Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — United States, Mexico Eurymorion Millidge, 1993 — Brazil, Bolivia Evansia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 — Europe (Japan?) Exechopsis Millidge, 1991 — South America Exocora Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia Fageiella Kratochvíl, 1934 — Serbia, Montenegro Falklandoglenes Usher, 1983 — Falkland Is. Fissiscapus Millidge, 1991 — Ecuador, Colombia Fistulaphantes Tanasevitch & Saaristo, 2006 — Nepal Flagelliphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Russia Floricomus Crosby & Bishop, 1925 — United States, Canada Florinda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — United States, Mexico Floronia Simon, 1887 — Ecuador, Asia Formiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Europe Frederickus Paquin, Dupérré, Buckle & Crawford, 2008 — United States, Canada Frontella Kulczyński, 1908 — Russia Frontinella F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 — North America, China, El Salvador Frontinellina van Helsdingen, 1969 — Asia, South Africa Frontiphantes Wunderlich, 1987 — Madeira Fusciphantes Oi, 1960 — Japan Gibbafroneta Merrett, 2004 — Congo Gibothorax Eskov, 1989 — Russia Gigapassus Miller, 2007 — Argentina Gladiata Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Glebala Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Glomerosus Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Glyphesis Simon, 1926 — Asia, North America, Europe Gnathonargus Bishop & Crosby, 1935 — United States Gnathonarium Karsch, 1881 — Asia, North America Gnathonaroides Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Gonatium Menge, 1868 — Asia, Europe, North America, Africa Gonatoraphis Millidge, 1991 — Colombia Goneatara Bishop & Crosby, 1935 — United States Gongylidiellum Simon, 1884 — Africa, Asia, Romania, United States, Argentina Gongylidioides Oi, 1960 — Asia Gongylidium Menge, 1868 — Asia, Italy Grammonota Emerton, 1882 — North America, Colombia, Central America, Caribbean Graphomoa Chamberlin, 1924 — United States Gravipalpus Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Peru, Argentina Habreuresis Millidge, 1991 — Chile Halorates Hull, 1911 — Kazakhstan, Pakistan Haplinis Simon, 1894 — New Zealand, Australia Haplomaro Miller, 1970 — Angola Helophora Menge, 1866 — Russia, China, United States Helsdingenia Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2003 — Asia, Africa Herbiphantes Tanasevitch, 1992 — Russia, Korea, Japan Heterolinyphia Wunderlich, 1973 — Bhutan, Nepal Heterotrichoncus Wunderlich, 1970 — Europe, Russia Hilaira Simon, 1884 — Asia, North America, Europe Himalafurca Tanasevitch, 2021 — Nepal Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992 — Asia Holma Locket, 1974 — Angola Holmelgonia Jocqué & Scharff, 2007 — Africa Holminaria Eskov, 1991 — Russia, Mongolia, China Horcotes Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States, Russia, Canada Houshenzinus Tanasevitch, 2006 — China Hubertella Platnick, 1989 — Nepal Hybauchenidium Holm, 1973 — Russia, North America, Europe Hybocoptus Simon, 1884 — Algeria, Morocco, France Hylyphantes Simon, 1884 — Asia Hyperafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Hypomma Dahl, 1886 — Asia, Macedonia, Equatorial Guinea, United States Hypselistes Simon, 1894 — Asia, North America Hypselocara Millidge, 1991 — Venezuela Hypsocephalus Millidge, 1978 — France, Switzerland, Italy Ibadana Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 — Nigeria, Cameroon Iberoneta Deeleman-Reinhold, 1984 — Spain Icariella Brignoli, 1979 — Greece Idionella Banks, 1893 — United States, Mexico Improphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Asia, Africa, Europe Incestophantes Tanasevitch, 1992 — Asia, Europe, North America Indophantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2003 — Asia Intecymbium Miller, 2007 — Chile, Argentina Ipa Saaristo, 2007 — Asia, Europe Ipaoides Tanasevitch, 2008 — China Islandiana Braendegaard, 1932 — North America, Russia, Europe Ivielum Eskov, 1988 — Russia, Mongolia, Canada Jacksonella Millidge, 1951 — Cyprus, Greece, Korea Jalapyphantes Gertsch & Davis, 1946 — Mexico, Ecuador Janetschekia Schenkel, 1939 — Europe Javagone Tanasevitch, 2020 — Java Javanaria Tanasevitch, 2020 — Java Javanyphia Tanasevitch, 2020 — Java Jilinus Lin, Lopardo & Uhl, 2022 - Russia (Far East), China, Korea Johorea Locket, 1982 — Malaysia Juanfernandezia Koçak & Kemal, 2008 — Chile Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956 — Asia, North America Kagurargus Ono, 2007 — Japan Kalimagone Tanasevitch, 2017 — Malaysia Karita Tanasevitch, 2007 — Europe, Russia Kenocymbium Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Asia Kikimora Eskov, 1988 — Finland, Russia Knischatiria Wunderlich, 1976 — Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia Koinothrix Jocqué, 1981 — Cape Verde Is. Kolymocyba Eskov, 1989 — Russia Kratochviliella Miller, 1938 — Europe Labicymbium Millidge, 1991 — South America Labulla Simon, 1884 — Europe, Russia Labullinyphia van Helsdingen, 1985 — Sri Lanka Labullula Strand, 1913 — Cameroon, Angola, Comoros Laetesia Simon, 1908 — Oceania, Thailand Lamellasia Tanasevitch, 2014 — Thailand Laminacauda Millidge, 1985 — South America, Panama Laminafroneta Merrett, 2004 — Africa Laogone Tanasevitch, 2014 — China, Laos Laperousea Dalmas, 1917 — Australia, New Zealand Lasiargus Kulczyński, 1894 — Asia Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866 — Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Chile Leptorhoptrum Kulczyński, 1894 — Russia, Japan Leptothrix Menge, 1869 — Europe Lessertia Smith, 1908 — Spain, Africa, Canada, New Zealand Lessertinella Denis, 1947 — Europe Lidia Saaristo & Marusik, 2004 — Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan Limoneta Bosmans & Jocqué, 1983 — Cameroon, Kenya, South Africa Linyphantes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 — United States, Canada, Mexico Linyphia Latreille, 1804 — North America, Asia, South America, Central America, Africa, Europe, Oceania Locketidium Jocqué, 1981 — Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania Locketiella Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Locketina Kocak & Kemal, 2006 — Indonesia, Malaysia Lomaita Bryant, 1948 — Dominican Republic Lophomma Menge, 1868 — United States, Russia Lotusiphantes Chen & Yin, 2001 — China Lucrinus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 — South Africa Lygarina Simon, 1894 — South America Machadocara Miller, 1970 — Congo, Zambia Macrargus Dahl, 1886 — Europe, Asia Maculoncus Wunderlich, 1995 — Taiwan, Greece, Israel Malkinola Miller, 2007 — Chile Mansuphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Europe, Asia Maorineta Millidge, 1988 — New Zealand, Indonesia Maro O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1906 — North America, Asia Martensinus Wunderlich, 1973 — Nepal Masikia Millidge, 1984 — Russia, United States, Canada Maso Simon, 1884 — United States, Portugal, Algeria, Asia Masoncus Chamberlin, 1949 — United States, Canada Masonetta Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939 — United States Mecopisthes Simon, 1926 — Europe, Africa, Asia Mecynargoides Eskov, 1988 — Russia, Mongolia Mecynargus Kulczyński, 1894 — Asia, North America, Europe Mecynidis Simon, 1894 — Africa Megafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Megalepthyphantes Wunderlich, 1994 — Africa, Asia, Greece Mermessus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — North America, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Asia, South Africa, New Zealand Mesasigone Tanasevitch, 1989 — Asia Metafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Metaleptyphantes Locket, 1968 — Africa, Indonesia Metamynoglenes Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Metapanamomops Millidge, 1977 — Germany, Ukraine Metopobactrus Simon, 1884 — Europe, North America, Asia Micrargus Dahl, 1886 — North America, Europe, Asia, Uganda Microbathyphantes van Helsdingen, 1985 — Asia, Africa Microctenonyx Dahl, 1886 — Italy, Africa, United States, Oceania Microcyba Holm, 1962 — Africa Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928 — Africa, North America, Asia Microneta Menge, 1869 — Sweden, South America, North America, Papua New Guinea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Asia Microplanus Millidge, 1991 — Colombia, Panama Midia Saaristo & Wunderlich, 1995 — Europe Miftengris Eskov, 1993 — Russia Millidgea Locket, 1968 — Angola Millidgella Kammerer, 2006 — Chile, Argentina Minicia Thorell, 1875 — Asia, Europe, Algeria Minyriolus Simon, 1884 — Argentina, Italy Mioxena Simon, 1926 — Congo, Kenya, Angola Mitrager van Helsdingen, 1985 — Indonesia Moebelia Dahl, 1886 — Germany, China Moebelotinus Wunderlich, 1995 — Russia, Mongolia Molestia Tu, Saaristo & Li, 2006 Monocephalus Smith, 1906 — Europe Monocerellus Tanasevitch, 1983 — Russia Montilaira Chamberlin, 1921 — United States Moreiraxena Miller, 1970 — Angola Moyosi Miller, 2007 — Guyana, Brazil, Argentina Mughiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1999 — Asia, Europe Murphydium Jocqué, 1996 — Kenya, Somalia Mycula Schikora, 1994 — Germany, Austria, Italy Myrmecomelix Millidge, 1993 — Peru, Ecuador Mythoplastoides Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States Napometa Benoit, 1977 — St. Helena Nasoona Locket, 1982 — Asia, Venezuela Nasoonaria Wunderlich & Song, 1995 — Asia Nematogmus Simon, 1884 — Asia Nenilinium Eskov, 1988 — Russia, Mongolia Nentwigia Millidge, 1995 — Thailand, Indonesia Neocautinella Baert, 1990 — Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia Neodietrichia Özdikmen, 2008 — United States, Canada Neoeburnella Koçak, 1986 — Côte d'Ivoire Neomaso Forster, 1970 — Chile, Argentina, Brazil Neonesiotes Millidge, 1991 — Seychelles, Fiji, Samoa Neriene Blackwall, 1833 — Asia, Africa, North America, Europe Neserigone Eskov, 1992 — Russia, Japan Nesioneta Millidge, 1991 — Asia, Seychelles, Fiji Nihonella Ballarin & Yamasaki, 2021 — Japan Nippononeta Eskov, 1992 — Asia Nipponotusukuru Saito & Ono, 2001 — Japan Nispa Eskov, 1993 — Russia, Japan Notholepthyphantes Millidge, 1985 — Chile Nothophantes Merrett & Stevens, 1995 — Britain Notiogyne Tanasevitch, 2007 — Russia Notiohyphantes Millidge, 1985 — Mexico, South America Notiomaso Banks, 1914 — Chile, Argentina Notioscopus Simon, 1884 — South Africa, Asia Notolinga Lavery & Dupérré, 2019 — Argentina & Falkland Is. Novafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Novafrontina Millidge, 1991 — South America, Mexico Novalaetesia Millidge, 1988 — New Zealand Nusoncus Wunderlich, 2008 — Europe Oaphantes Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 — United States Obrimona Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka Obscuriphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2000 — Europe, Asia Oculocornia Oliger, 1985 — Russia Oedothorax Bertkau, 1883 — Europe, North America, Asia, Argentina, Africa Oia Wunderlich, 1973 — Asia Oilinyphia Ono & Saito, 1989 — China, Thailand, Japan Okhotigone Eskov, 1993 — Russia, China, Japan Onychembolus Millidge, 1985 — Chile, Argentina Ophrynia Jocqué, 1981 — Tanzania, Malawi, Cameroon Oreocyba Holm, 1962 — Kenya, Uganda Oreoneta Kulczyński, 1894 — Asia, North America, Europe Oreonetides Strand, 1901 — Asia, North America, Europe Oreophantes Eskov, 1984 — United States, Canada Orfeo Miller, 2007 — Brazil Origanates Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States Orsonwelles Hormiga, 2002 — Hawaii Oryphantes Hull, 1932 — North America, Asia Ostearius Hull, 1911 — South Africa, China, New Zealand Ouedia Bosmans & Abrous, 1992 — Europe, Algeria Pachydelphus Jocqué & Bosmans, 1983 — Gabon, Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire Pacifiphantes Eskov & Marusik, 1994 — North America, Asia Pahangone Tanasevitch, 2018 — Malaysia Paikiniana Eskov, 1992 — Korea, China, Japan Palaeohyphantes Millidge, 1984 — Australia Palliduphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2001 — Europe, Asia, Africa Panamomops Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia Paracornicularia Crosby & Bishop, 1931 — United States Paracymboides Tanasevitch, 2011 — India Paraeboria Eskov, 1990 — Russia Parafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Paraglyphesis Eskov, 1991 — Russia Paragongylidiellum Wunderlich, 1973 — India, Nepal Paraletes Millidge, 1991 — Peru, Brazil Parameioneta Locket, 1982 — Asia Parapelecopsis Wunderlich, 1992 — Portugal, Georgia Parasisis Eskov, 1984 — Asia Paratapinocyba Saito, 1986 — Japan Paratmeticus Marusik & Koponen, 2010 — Russia, Japan Parawubanoides Eskov & Marusik, 1992 — Russia, Mongolia Parbatthorax Tanasevitch, 2019 — Nepal Parhypomma Eskov, 1992 — Japan Paro Berland, 1942 — Austral Is. Parvunaria Tanasevitch, 2018 — Myanmar Patagoneta Millidge, 1985 — Chile Pecado Hormiga & Scharff, 2005 — Spain, Morocco, Algeria Pelecopsidis Bishop & Crosby, 1935 — United States Pelecopsis Simon, 1864 — Africa, Europe, North America, Asia Peponocranium Simon, 1884 — Asia, Europe Perlongipalpus Eskov & Marusik, 1991 — Russia, Mongolia Perregrinus Tanasevitch, 1992 — Asia, Canada Perro Tanasevitch, 1992 — Russia, Canada Phanetta Keyserling, 1886 — United States Phlattothrata Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States, Russia Phyllarachne Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Piesocalus Simon, 1894 — Indonesia Piniphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Europe, Asia Pityohyphantes Simon, 1929 — North America, Asia Plaesianillus Simon, 1926 — France Platyspira Song & Li, 2009 — China Plectembolus Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia Plesiophantes Heimer, 1981 — Russia, Georgia, Turkey Plicatiductus Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Indonesia Pocadicnemis Simon, 1884 — North America, Europe, Asia Pocobletus Simon, 1894 — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Costa Rica, Venezuela Poecilafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Poeciloneta Kulczyński, 1894 — Asia, North America Porrhomma Simon, 1884 — Asia, North America, Europe Praestigia Millidge, 1954 — Canada, Europe, Asia Primerigonina Wunderlich, 1995 — Panama Prinerigone Millidge, 1988 — Africa, Asia Priperia Simon, 1904 — Hawaii Procerocymbium Eskov, 1989 — Russia, Canada Proelauna Jocqué, 1981 — Angola, Tanzania, Malawi Proislandiana Tanasevitch, 1985 — Russia Promynoglenes Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Pronasoona Millidge, 1995 — Thailand, Malaysia Prosoponoides Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992 — Asia Protoerigone Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Pseudafroneta Blest, 1979 — New Zealand Pseudocarorita Wunderlich, 1980 — Central Europe Pseudocyba Tanasevitch, 1984 — Russia, Kazakhstan Pseudohilaira Eskov, 1990 — Russia Pseudomaro Denis, 1966 — Europe Pseudomaso Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 — Nigeria Pseudomicrargus Eskov, 1992 — Japan Pseudomicrocentria Miller, 1970 — South Africa, Malaysia Pseudoporrhomma Eskov, 1993 — Russia Pseudotyphistes Brignoli, 1972 — South America Pseudowubana Eskov & Marusik, 1992 — Russia, Mongolia Psilocymbium Millidge, 1991 — South America Racata Millidge, 1995 — Indonesia, Thailand Rhabdogyna Millidge, 1985 — Chile Ringina Tambs-Lyche, 1954 — Crozet Is. Russocampus Tanasevitch, 2004 — Russia Ryojius Saito & Ono, 2001 — Korea, Japan, China Saaristoa Millidge, 1978 — Japan, United States Sachaliphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2004 — Asia Saitonia Eskov, 1992 — China, Japan, Korea Saloca Simon, 1926 — Turkey, Nepal, Russia Satilatlas Keyserling, 1886 — United States, Canada, Russia Sauron Eskov, 1995 — Russia, Kazakhstan Savignia Blackwall, 1833 — Asia, United States, Australia, Europe, Comoros Savigniorrhipis Wunderlich, 1992 — Azores Scandichrestus Wunderlich, 1995 — Sweden, Finland, Russia Sciastes Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — Europe, Russia, North America Scirites Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Scironis Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States Scolecura Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Colombia, Argentina Scolopembolus Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States Scotargus Simon, 1913 — Algeria, Russia Scotinotylus Simon, 1884 — Asia, North America, Europe Scutpelecopsis Marusik & Gnelitsa, 2009 — Asia, Romania Scylaceus Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Scyletria Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Selenyphantes Gertsch & Davis, 1946 — Mexico, Guatemala Semljicola Strand, 1906 — Asia, Europe, North America Sengletus Tanasevitch, 2008 — Egypt, Israel, Iran Shaanxinus Tanasevitch, 2006 — China Shanus Tanasevitch, 2006 — China Sibirocyba Eskov & Marusik, 1994 — Russia Silometopoides Eskov, 1990 — Asia, North America, Greenland Silometopus Simon, 1926 — Europe, Asia Simplicistilus Locket, 1968 — West & Central Africa Singatrichona Tanasevitch, 2019 — Singapore Sinolinyphia Wunderlich & Li, 1995 Sinopimoa Li & Wunderlich, 2008 — China Sintula Simon, 1884 — Asia, Europe, Africa Sisicottus Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada, Russia Sisicus Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — Russia, United States, Canada Sisis Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Sisyrbe Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States Sitalcas Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States Smerasia Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Smermisia Simon, 1894 — South America, Costa Rica Smodix Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States, Canada Solenysa Simon, 1894 — Asia Soucron Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States, Canada Souessa Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States Souessoula Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States Sougambus Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States, Canada Souidas Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States Soulgas Crosby & Bishop, 1936 — United States Spanioplanus Millidge, 1991 — Venezuela, Peru Sphecozone O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 — South America, United States, Trinidad Spiralophantes Tanasevitch & Saaristo, 2006 — Nepal Spirembolus Chamberlin, 1920 — United States, Canada, Mexico Stemonyphantes Menge, 1866 — Asia, Ukraine, North America Sthelota Simon, 1894 — Panama, Guatemala Stictonanus Millidge, 1991 — Chile Strandella Oi, 1960 — Asia Strongyliceps Fage, 1936 — Kenya, Uganda Styloctetor Simon, 1884 — Europe, North America, Asia Subbekasha Millidge, 1984 — Canada Syedra Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, Congo Symmigma Crosby & Bishop, 1933 — United States Tachygyna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939 — United States, Canada Taibainus Tanasevitch, 2006 — China Taibaishanus Tanasevitch, 2006 — China Tallusia Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1972 — Asia, Greece Tanasevitchia Marusik & Saaristo, 1999 — Russia Tapinocyba Simon, 1884 — Europe, Algeria, North America, Asia Tapinocyboides Wiehle, 1960 — India Tapinopa Westring, 1851 — United States, Europe, Asia Tapinotorquis Dupérré & Paquin, 2007 — United States, Canada Taranucnus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, United States Tarsiphantes Strand, 1905 — Russia, Canada, Greenland Tchatkalophantes Tanasevitch, 2001 — Asia Tegulinus Tanasevitch, 2017 — Indonesia Tennesseellum Petrunkevitch, 1925 — United States Tenuiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 — Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, New Zealand Ternatus Sun, Li & Tu, 2012 Tessamoro Eskov, 1993 — Russia Thainetes Millidge, 1995 — Thailand Thaiphantes Millidge, 1995 — Thailand Thaleria Tanasevitch, 1984 — Russia, United States Thapsagus Simon, 1894 — Madagascar Thaumatoncus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Algeria, Israel Theoa Saaristo, 1995 — Asia, Seychelles Theoneta Eskov & Marusik, 1991 — Russia Theonina Simon, 1929 — Russia, Algeria Thyreobaeus Simon, 1889 — Madagascar Thyreosthenius Simon, 1884 — Russia Tibiaster Tanasevitch, 1987 — Kazakhstan Tibioploides Eskov & Marusik, 1991 — Asia, Estonia Tibioplus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 — Asia, United States Tiso Simon, 1884 — Canada, Greenland, Asia Tmeticodes Ono, 2010 — Japan Tmeticus Menge, 1868 — Asia, North America Tojinium Saito & Ono, 2001 — Japan Toltecaria Miller, 2007 — Mexico Tomohyphantes Millidge, 1995 — Indonesia Toschia Caporiacco, 1949 — Africa Totua Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil Trachyneta Holm, 1968 — Congo, Malawi Traematosisis Bishop & Crosby, 1938 — United States Trematocephalus Dahl, 1886 — Asia, France Trichobactrus Wunderlich, 1995 — Mongolia Trichoncoides Denis, 1950 — France, Asia Trichoncus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Africa, Asia Trichoncyboides Wunderlich, 2008 — Switzerland, Germany, Austria Trichopterna Kulczyński, 1894 — Asia, Europe, Africa Trichopternoides Wunderlich, 2008 — Europe Triplogyna Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Argentina, Colombia Troglohyphantes Joseph, 1881 — Europe, Algeria, Asia Troxochrota Kulczyński, 1894 — Russia Troxochrus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, Angola Tubercithorax Eskov, 1988 — Russia Tunagyna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — Russia, Canada, United States Turbinellina Millidge, 1993 — Chile, Argentina Turinyphia van Helsdingen, 1982 — China, Korea, Japan Tusukuru Eskov, 1993 — United States, Russia Tutaibo Chamberlin, 1916 — North America, South America, Guatemala Tybaertiella Jocqué, 1979 — Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Ethiopia Typhistes Simon, 1894 — Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, South Africa Typhlonyphia Kratochvíl, 1936 — Croatia Typhochrestinus Eskov, 1990 — Russia Typhochrestoides Eskov, 1990 — Russia Typhochrestus Simon, 1884 — Europe, Africa, Asia, North America Uahuka Berland, 1935 — Marquesas Is. Uapou Berland, 1935 — Marquesas Is. Ulugurella Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 — Tanzania Ummeliata Strand, 1942 — Asia Uralophantes Esyunin, 1992 — Ukraine, Russia Ussurigone Eskov, 1993 — Russia Uusitaloia Marusik, Koponen & Danilov, 2001 — Russia Vagiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 2004 — Central Asia Venia Seyfulina & Jocqué, 2009 — Kenya Vermontia Millidge, 1984 — United States, Canada, Russia Vesicapalpus Millidge, 1991 — Brazil, Argentina Vietnagone Tanasevitch, 2019 — China, Vietnam Viktorium Eskov, 1988 — Russia Vittatus Zhao & Li, 2014 — China Wabasso Millidge, 1984 — Russia, North America, Greenland Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833 — Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, Central America, Colombia, Cuba Walckenaerianus Wunderlich, 1995 — Asia, Bulgaria Wiehlea Braun, 1959 — Western Europe Wiehlenarius Eskov, 1990 — Russia, Europe Wubana Chamberlin, 1919 — United States Wubanoides Eskov, 1986 — Russia, Japan, Mongolia Xim Ibarra-Núñez, Chamé-Vázquez & Maya-Morales, 2021 — Mexico Yakutopus Eskov, 1990 — Russia Yuelushannus Irfan et al., 2020 — China Zerogone Eskov & Marusik, 1994 — Russia Zhezhoulinyphia Irfan, Zhou & Peng, 2019 — China Zilephus Simon, 1902 — Argentina Zornella Jackson, 1932 — North America, Asia Zygottus Chamberlin, 1949 — United StatesThis page is based on this
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