Ant spiders Temporal range: | |
---|---|
Female Mallinella fulvipes | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Suborder: | Opisthothelae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Zodariidae Thorell, 1881 [1] |
Diversity [2] | |
90 genera, 1259 species | |
Ant spiders are members of the family Zodariidae. They are small to medium-sized eight-eyed spiders found in all tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, New Zealand, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent. [3] Most species are daytime hunters and live together with ants, mimicking their behavior and sometimes even their chemical traits. [3] Although little is known about most zodariids, members of the genus Zodarion apparently feed only on ants; a number of other genera in the family are apparently also ant (or termite) specialists. [4]
As of December 2022 [update] , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera: [1]
The Thomisidae are a family of spiders, including about 170 genera and over 2,100 species. The common name crab spider is often linked to species in this family, but is also applied loosely to many other families of spiders. Many members of this family are also known as flower spiders or flower crab spiders.
Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much smaller. The original members of the family are apparently similar only in that they have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets that touch and are generally wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks.
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae. They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Tenedos is a spider genus of the family Zodariidae. It has around 72 species from Central and South America.
Zodarion is a genus of ant-eating spiders from the family Zodariidae. Over 170 species from Eurasia, North Africa and North America have been described as of October 2021.
Clubiona is a genus of sac spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804.
Mallinella is a genus of spider in the family Zodariidae.
Oedignatha is a genus of Asian spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1881 as a genus of corinnid sac spiders, and moved to Liocranidae in 2014.
Aphantaulax is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1878.
Asceua is a genus of Asian ant spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1887.
Cydrela is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 1873 by Thorell. As of 2022, it contains 17 species from a variety of places in Asia and Africa.
Heliconilla is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2012 by Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop. As of 2017, it contains 9 Asian species.
Heradion is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2004 by Dankittipakul & Jocqué. As of 2017, it contains 10 species found throughout Asia.
Ishania is a genus of Central American ant spiders first described in 1925 by Ralph Vary Chamberlin. Originally placed in Agelenidae, it was later moved to Zodariidae in 1965.
Storena is a genus of ant spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805.
Tropizodium is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2005 by Jocqué & Churchill.