Toxopidae

Toxopidae
Toxopsoides huttoni in New Zealand
Myro kerguelenensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Toxopidae Hickman, 1940 [1]
Diversity
14 genera, 82 species
blue: reported countries (WSC) green: observation hotspots (iNaturalist)

Toxopidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders, first described in 1940. ^[2] For many years it was sunk into Desidae as a subfamily, although doubts were expressed as to whether this was correct. ^[3] A large-scale molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 led to the family being revived. ^[4]

Genera

As of January 2026 ^[update] , this family includes fourteen genera and 82 species: ^[1]

• Gasparia Marples, 1956 – New Zealand
• Gohia Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand
• Hapona Forster, 1970 – New Zealand
• Hulua Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand
• Jamara Davies, 1995 – Australia
• Laestrygones Urquhart, 1894 – Australia, New Zealand
• Lamina Forster, 1970 – New Zealand
• Midgee Davies, 1995 – Australia
• Myro O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 – Australia, New Zealand, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Macquarie Islands, Marion Islands
• Neomyro Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand
• Ommatauxesis Simon, 1903 – Australia
• Otagoa Forster, 1970 – New Zealand
• Toxops Hickman, 1940 – Australia
• Toxopsoides Forster & Wilton, 1973 – Australia, New Zealand

References

1. "Family Toxopidae Hickman, 1940". World Spider Catalog. doi:10.24436/2 . Retrieved 2026-01-18.
2. Hickman, V. V. (1940). The Toxopidae, a new family of spiders. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Vol. 1939. pp. 125–130.
3. Jocqué, R. (1994). "Halidae, a new spider family from Madagascar (Araneae)". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 9: 281–289.
4. Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Goloboff, Pablo A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Prendini, Lorenzo; Ramírez, Martín J.; Sierwald, Petra; Almeida-Silva, Lina; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Benavides Silva, Ligia R.; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Bond, Jason E.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Hasan, Emile; Hedin, Marshal; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Ledford, Joel; Lopardo, Lara; Maddison, Wayne P.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Platnick, Norman I.; Polotow, Daniele; Silva-Dávila, Diana; Scharff, Nikolaj; Szűts, Tamás; Ubick, Darrell; Vink, Cor J.; Wood, Hannah M. & Zhang, Junxia (2016), "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling", Cladistics, 33 (6): 574–616, doi: 10.1111/cla.12182 , PMID   34724759, S2CID   35535038

External links

• Citizen science observations for Toxopidae at iNaturalist