Hapona | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Toxopidae |
Genus: | Hapona Forster, 1970 [1] |
Type species | |
H. otagoa (Forster, 1964) | |
Species | |
13, see text |
Hapona is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. [2] Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017. [3]
As of May 2019 [update] it contains thirteen species, all found in New Zealand: [1]
Desidae is a family of spiders, some of which are known as intertidal spiders. The family is named for the genus Desis, members of which live in a very unusual location — between the tides. The family has been reevaluated in recent years and now includes inland genera and species as well, such as Badumna and Phryganoporus. In 2017, the family Amphinectidae was merged into Desidae. The family Toxopidae has been separated off. Those intertidal spiders that are truly marine commonly live in barnacle shells, which they seal up with silk; this allows them to maintain an air bubble during high tide. They emerge at night to feed on various small arthropods that live in the intertidal zone.
Toxopsiella is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Cycloctenidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1964.
Gasparia is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Brian J. Marples in 1956. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Gohia is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by R. de Dalmas in 1917.
Goyenia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Hulua is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Matachia is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by R. de Dalmas in 1917. Originally placed with the Psechridae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1970.
Neomyro is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. As of May 2019 it contains only three species, all found in New Zealand: N. amplius, N. circe, and N. scitulus. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Ommatauxesis is a monotypic genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae containing the single species, Ommatauxesis macrops. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1903, and has only been found in Australia. Originally placed with the Cybaeidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1967, and to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Otagoa is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970. As of May 2019 it contains only three species, all found in New Zealand: O. chathamensis, O. nova, and O. wiltoni.
Panoa is a genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Toxopsoides is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Viridictyna is a genus of South Pacific cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Kapanga is a genus of South Pacific dwarf sheet spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Rinawa is a genus of South Pacific dwarf sheet spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Toxopidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders, first described in 1940. For many years it was sunk into Desidae as a subfamily, although doubts were expressed as to whether this was correct. A large-scale molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 led to the family being revived.
Myro is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1876. Originally placed with the Cybaeidae, it was moved to the intertidal spiders in 1967, and to the Toxopidae in 2017.
Lamina is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1970.
Laestrygones is a genus of South Pacific araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by A. T. Urquhart in 1894.
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