| Xenoctenidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Unidentified species of Xenoctenus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Xenoctenidae Ramírez & Silva-Dávila, 2017 [1] |
| Diversity | |
| 4 genera, 33 species | |
Xenoctenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders separated from Miturgidae in 2017. [2]
As of April 2019 [update] , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera and species: [1]
Incasoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1942
Odo Keyserling, 1887
Paravulsor Mello-Leitão, 1922
Xenoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1938
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with nearly 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans.
Hogna is a genus of wolf spiders with more than 200 described species. It is found on all continents except Antarctica.
Metepeira is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1903. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek μετά and the obsolete genus name Epeira, denoting a genus similar to Epeira.
Camillina is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Lucien Berland in 1919. They are very similar to sister genus Zelotes.
Ctenus is a genus of wandering spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. It is widely distributed, from South America through Africa to East Asia. Little is known about the toxic potential of the genus Ctenus, however, it was recently discovered that the species Ctenus medius shares toxic properties with those presented by Phoneutria nigriventer, such as proteolytic, hyaluronidase and phospholipase activities, in addition to producing hyperalgesia and edema, the venom of C. medius also interferes with the complement system in concentrations in which the venom of P. nigriventer is inactive, indicating that this spider has a noxious venom to humans. The venom of C. medius causes an eleavage in the complement component 3 (C3) of the complement system, it affects the central factor of the cascades of the complement, and interferes with the lytic activity of this system, which causes stronger activation and consumption of the complement components. Unlike C. medius, the venom of P. nigriventer does not interfere with lytic activity.
Eustala is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895.
Wagneriana is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1904.