Hemithecium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.
Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.
Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Carbacanthographis is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Graphis flavovirens is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Parlobjig. The species epithet "flavovirens", which combines the Latin words for yellow and green, refers to the colour of the thallus. Its ascomata are in the form of conspicuous lirellae: they are long and black, with a branching pattern ranging from simple to radiately and profusely branched; this particular branching pattern is known as the centrifuga-morph. G. flavovirens produces ellipsoidal ascospores that have from 3 to 9 transverse septa and measure 16–42 by 4–8 μm. G. flavovirens contains two lichen products: stictic acid and constictic acid.
Graphis palmicola is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from a beach forest in Katchal Island, where it was found growing on a coconut tree. The species epithet, which combines the Latin Palma and cola ("exists"), refers to its host. The ascomata of the lichen are in the form of lirellae, which are elongated and irregularly branched; this particular branching pattern is known as the handelii-morph.
Graphis sitapurensis is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from a moist deciduous forest in Sitapur. The species epithet refers to the type locality. The ascomata of the lichen are in the form of lirellae, which are elongated and irregularly branched with a concealed disc; this particular set of characteristics is known as the deserpens-morph.
Graphis dispersa is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Kamorta Island. The species epithet, derived from the Latin dispersus ("scattered") refers to the scattered lirellae.
Graphis distincta is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Port Mount. The species epithet distincta, derived from the Latin distinctus ("distinct"), refers to "the distinct species".
Graphis insularis is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Guitar Island. The species epithet insularis, from the Latin word for island, refers to the type locality.
Graphis leptocarpoides is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Kamorta Island. The species epithet, which combines the Ancient Greek leptos ("narrow") with carpos ("fruit"), refers to the thin lirellae.
Fissurina andamanensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from the Betapur Range. The lichen has a yellowish-brown thallus that is glossy, cracked, and slightly verrucose. It has lirellate ascomata that are 1–6 mm long, simple to irregularly branched, and the same colour as the thallus, with a structure of the dumastii-type. The ascospores have 3 transverse septa, are hyaline, and measure 20–27 by 7–10 μm, with a thin halo. It contains salazinic acid, which is an uncommon lichen product in the genus Fissurina.
Fissurina disposita is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from a subtropical forest near Cherrapunji (Meghalaya); it has also been recorded in the shola forest of Karnataka. The lichen has a brown, verrucose, cracked, and flaking thallus. It has lirellate ascomata that are 0.2–0.5 mm long, crowded, terminally acute, and have a structure of the comparilis-type. The ascospores are hyaline, somewhat muriform, and measure 10–12 by 5–6 μm, with 3–4 transverse and 1–2 longitudinal septa.
Fissurina immersa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Mudigere (Karnataka). The lichen has a brown, uneven, finely cracked, and glossy thallus that is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region at the periphery. The lirelline ascomata are the same colour as the thallus and are 0.2–1.5 mm long, straight to curved, terminally acute, and have a dumastii-type structure. The ascospores are hyaline, somewhat muriform, and measure 12–13 by 3–5 μm, with 3–4 transverse and 1 vertical septa. It contains norstictic acid in its thallus.
Fissurina indica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Wynad forest (Kerala). The thallus of this lichen is greenish and glossy, with a cracked and verrucose texture, and is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region at its periphery. The small ascomata are present all over the thallus and have acute ends, a dumastii-type structure, and are the same colour as the thallus. The ascospores are hyaline, muriform, multilocular, and measure 32–42 by 12–20 μm with an indistinct halo. No lichen products were detected in collected specimens.
Fissurina microcarpa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Upper Kodayar. The lichen thallus that is brownish, cracked, warty, and glossy. Its lirelline ascomata are all over the thallus, short, and the same colour as the thallus, with a structure of dumastii-type. The lichen's ascospores are hyaline, muriform, and multilocular; they measure 87–125 by 25–37 μm and have a 5–8 μm thick halo.
Fissurina simplex is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from an evergreen forest in Silent Valley National Park (Kerala); it has also been recorded from a humid deciduous forest in Karnataka. The lichen has a brown, glossy, and cracked thallus that is delimited by a black hypothalloidal region at its periphery. The ascomata are lirellate, 0.5–1.5 mm long, simple, straight, and the same colour as the thallus. They are immersed to slightly raised, arising as a swelling that then cracks and gapes, and have a terminally acute structure of subcontexta-type. The ascospores are hyaline, muriform, and measure 70–78 by 20–25 μm with a thin halo. Fissurina simplex contains two lichen products: stictic acid and hypostictic acid.
Fissurina sporolata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Hebri (Karnataka), where it was found growing on a roadside tree trunk near a humid deciduous forest. This lichen has a brown, glossy, warty thallus that is finely cracked and rough. The lirellate ascomata are simple to rarely branched, immersed, the same colour as the thallus, and terminally acute, with a narrow disc that lacks pruina. The ascospores are 8-spored, hyaline, muriform, and ellipsoidal, multilocular, measuring 42–57 by 17–25 μm, with a 5–7 μm-thick halo. The hymenium is clear and hyaline, 225–250 μm high, and the hypothecium is hyaline and 20–25 μm high. No lichen products were detected in collected specimens.
Fissurina submonospora is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Bharati Sharma, Pradnya Khadilkar, and Urmila Makhija. The type specimen was collected from Upper Kodayar, where it was found growing in a humid evergreen forest. This lichen has a brownish grey to dark brown, cracked and uneven thallus, delimited by a black hypothalloid region at its periphery. Its ascomata are short, simple to branched, and immersed, with a structure of dumastii-type, while the disc is slit-like. The ascospores are hyaline, muriform, with 10–15 transverse and 4–5 longitudinal septa, and typically measure 70–100 by 20–50 μm, with a 2.5–10 μm-thick halo.
