Flavoplaca kantvilasii

Flavoplaca kantvilasii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Teloschistales
Family:	Teloschistaceae
Genus:	Flavoplaca
Species:	F. kantvilasii
Binomial name
	Flavoplaca kantvilasii; (S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting (2013)
	Holotype: Cape Burney, Western Australia
Synonyms
	Caloplaca kantvilasiiS.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt (2007);

Last updated December 23, 2023

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.^[3] Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007.

Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt in 2007; they initially classified it in the genus Caloplaca . The type specimen was collected from Western Australia, specifically at Cape Burney near the mouth of the Greenough River. This specimen, collected in January, 2004, was found growing on sandy limestone surfaces. The species epithet honours Tasmanian lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas.^[1] Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013 as part of a large-scale reorganisation of the family Teloschistaceae.^[4]

Description

Flavoplaca kantvilasii features a rosette-like thallus, typically 1–4 mm wide, with radiating areoles that initially measure 0.8–1.2 mm in length. These areoles expand to form indistinct, dull, white-brownish orange spots. The areoles are quite thick, ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 mm in width and up to 1.3 mm in thickness. They are convex and separated by narrow cracks, occasionally forming rosettes up to 2 mm wide. The terminal and peripheral parts of the areoles tend to be undulating or dissected and expand towards the tips. Some areoles have a thin, whitish pruina at the centre and are covered in a richly blastidious margin that eventually becomes enveloped in a soredious mass.^[1]

The upper surface of the areoles varies in colour, ranging from bright yellow to brownish yellow, and sometimes with shades of whitish yellow, brownish, or dull rose with white pruina. This contrasts with the narrow yellow-orange blastidious zone along the margins or the bright yellow to brownish-greenish-orange soredious mass. The areoles have a cortex about 15–25 μm thick and an algal layer of approximately 60–70 μm, with a medullar zone around 0.6 mm thick in the central portion.^[1]

The apothecia of Flavoplaca kantvilasii are small, measuring 0.2–0.7 mm in diameter, and are lecanorine in type. The thalline margin is thick and eroded at the sides, often with 1 to 5 apothecia per areole. The disc is brownish-reddish-orange, and the thalline margin has a cortex around 10–15 μm thick. The hymenium stands 60–70 μm high, with a subhymenium up to 70 μm thick, containing numerous oil droplets. The paraphyses contain small oil droplets and widen towards the tips. The ascospores vary in shape and size, with a septum thickness of 2–8 μm. The thallus and apothecia (K+) (red), and the cortex K+ (dark brown-reddish). Key chemical components include parietin, fallacinal, parietinic acid, and teloschistin.^[1]

Similar species

Flavoplaca kantvilasii shares similarities with C. citrina , yet it can be distinguished by its notably thicker and more convex areoles or squamules . Additionally, F. kantvilasii features smaller blastidia and larger conblastidia , and its asci contain a varied number of ascospores that exhibit a broader size range. In contrast to another sorediate species, C. cranfieldii , which is also discussed in this study, F. kantvilasii is characterized by its thick and highly convex areoles or squamules, which uniquely have margins that curve upwards. This species also stands out due to its larger blastidia and conblastidia, the presence of lecanorine apothecia, and longer ascospores.^[1]

Habitat and distribution

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is commonly found growing on natural calcareous rocks and granite outcrops. Its habitats range from coastal areas to subalpine regions and dry inland sites. This species is also adaptable to artificial environments, thriving on man-made materials such as building blocks and asbestos sheeting.^[1]

In terms of its distribution, Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a widely distributed species across Australia. It has been recorded in various regions, including Western Australia, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania.^[1]

Related Research Articles

Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

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Caloplaca conranii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The lichen has a bright yellow thallus about 1–2 cm wide, featuring a thick texture with convex, pustule-like formations around the edges and occasionally forming clusters in the centre. Its apothecia are quite large and heavy, ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 mm in diameter, with a flat, dull orange or brownish-orange disc, and long, narrow ascospores.

Caloplaca filsonii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a crust-like thallus that is uneven and warty around the edges and more distinctly wart-like in the centre, coloured in shades of grey and brownish-grey near its reproductive structures (apothecia), but lacking a developed prothallus.

Caloplaca streimannii is a little-known species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, it is characterised by its powdery soredious mass and numerous tiny apothecia.

Elixjohnia gallowayi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia.

Filsoniana australiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms patches up to 9 cm wide, with dull pink to brownish pink lobes and a verrucose central area. It has distinctive, raised reddish-orange apothecia.

Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.

Filsoniana rexfilsonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Filsoniana rexfilsonii comprises brownish-orange squamules each hosting one to four reproductive structures.

Neobrownliella montisfracti is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The small lichen has dull pink to grey areoles, characterised by completely immersed, reddish to pink-brown apothecia and lacking soredia and isidia. Its areoles are closely pressed against the substrate, with the apothecia containing small, elongated ascospores and narrowly rod-shaped conidia.

Cerothallia subluteoalba is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its numerous bright yellow to soft yellow-orange apothecia, tiny spores with slim dividers (septa), and a barely distinguishable thallus that either fades away or grows inside its host.

Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.

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Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

Flavoplaca austrocitrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Europe, and has also been recorded in South America.

Polycauliona bolacina, the waxy firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in western North America.

Dufourea angustata is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Australia.

Flavoplaca arcisproxima is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found primarily in the coastal regions of the Crimean Peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Crete, Greece.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kondratyuk, Sergij Y.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Thell, Arne (2007). "New species of the genus Caloplaca in Australia". In Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Thell, Arne (eds.). Lichenological Contributions in Honour of David Galloway. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 95. J.Cramer. pp. 341–386. ISBN 978-3-443-58074-2.
↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Flavoplaca kantvilasii (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 45 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 22 December 2023.
↑ "Flavoplaca kantvilasii (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
↑ Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.

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[Kondratyuk_et_al._2007-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kondratyuk, Sergij Y.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Thell, Arne (2007). "New species of the genus Caloplaca in Australia". In Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Thell, Arne (eds.). Lichenological Contributions in Honour of David Galloway. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 95. J.Cramer. pp. 341–386. ISBN 978-3-443-58074-2.

[Species_Fungorum_synonymy-2] "Synonymy. Current Name: Flavoplaca kantvilasii (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 45 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 22 December 2023.

[CoL-3] "Flavoplaca kantvilasii (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) Arup, Frödén & Søchting". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 3 December 2023.

[Arup_et_al._2013-4] Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.

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