Flydubai Flight 1073 was a regularly scheduled international passenger flight operated by Flydubai from Dubai International Airport in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), to Ben Gurion Airport near Tel Aviv, Israel. On 30 September 2026, while en route, the Boeing 737 MAX 8 experienced what Israeli and UAE officials have called an attempted terrorist attack.
According to passenger reports, the first officer, Hamam al-Hammami, attacked and seriously wounded the captain, Smit Machchhar, with the cockpit crash axe. Al-Hammami then sent the plane into a steep descent, in an apparent attempt to hijack and crash it. This caused structural damage to the aircraft's rudder due to overspeed. The captain was able to open the cockpit door to let in passengers, who restrained the first officer and stabilized the plane. Other Flydubai pilots deadheading on board then landed the plane in Tabuk. Al-Hammami was taken into custody after the landing. The incident is under investigation primarily by law enforcement agencies from Israel and the UAE. Images of former al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri and suicide bomber Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi were found on al-Hammami's social media. He reportedly planned to crash the plane into a Tel Aviv skyscraper, or into Ben Gurion Airport. The UAE confirmed that al-Hammami was plotting a 9/11-style suicide attack on Ben Gurion Airport.
Background
Aircraft
The aircraft involved in the incident was a Boeing 737 MAX 8, registered as A6-FKF. The plane entered service with Flydubai on 21 December 2022. At the time of the incident, the aircraft was approximately three years and nine months old.[1] Flydubai is owned by the Investment Corporation of Dubai.[2]
The crew included two operating pilots: an Indian captain, Smit Machchhar, who was the pilot flying, and Hamam al-Hammami,[6][7][a][b] an Omani first officer who was the pilot monitoring.[8] Machchhar, age 38,[9] trained as a pilot at Mainland Air in Dunedin, New Zealand,[10] and flew for SpiceJet for 11 years before joining Flydubai in 2022.[11] At the time of the incident he had logged about 9,750 hours on the Boeing 737 series, 6,400 of them as pilot-in-command.[12]
The crew also included two deadheading pilots in the passenger cabin[5] in order to operate the return flight back to Dubai:[13] one British,[13] and the other European from an unspecified country.[14]
Due to the ongoing conflict across the Middle East, several Western airlines reduced flights to Israel, but the airlines of the UAE continued to provide multiple flights each day between Dubai and Tel Aviv.[24]
On 29 September, the day before Flydubai Flight 1073, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he had received indications that Israel might be attacked ahead of the upcoming legislative election on 27 October. Political opponents dismissed the statement as "fearmongering".[25][26] Opposition leader Yair Lapid was briefed shortly thereafter and denounced Netanyahu's warning and insisted there was no reason to panic.[26] Lapid later stated, "Nothing even remotely resembling the [Flydubai Flight 1073] incident came up in the security briefing."[27]
Incident
Flight telemetry showing the aircraft entering a steep dive at 05:20 (UTC; Gulf time is four hours ahead)
Flight 1073 departed from Dubai at 7:05a.m. GST traveling west to Tel Aviv.[4] The flight was scheduled to be three and one-half hours, and the incident started roughly an hour before its expected arrival.[14][28] While flying near the Saudi Arabia–Jordan border at 9:21a.m. GST,[29] the aircraft plunged from an altitude of approximately 34,000ft (10,000m) to 17,000ft (5,200m) in less than a minute,[30][31] diving towards the ground at speeds estimated at 600 miles per hour (970km/h).[32] The plane briefly rose to 21,750ft (6,600m), before descending again to 15,000ft (4,600m) and turning back into Saudi airspace.[3][33] Shortly after the initial dive, the aircraft's transponder broadcast squawk code 7700, indicating a general emergency, and shortly thereafter broadcast code 7500, indicating "unlawful interference" or a hijacking.[34]
Based on initial assessments by authorities and video and eyewitness accounts from passengers, al-Hammami, the first officer, stabbed and seriously wounded the captain, Smit Machchhar, using the crash axe kept in the cockpit,[35] in an alleged attempt to gain control of the aircraft and crash it.[36] In a televised interview with Netanyahu, Machchhar said "The co-pilot wanted to pray. A lot of the locals, they do pray, which is not out of the ordinary. While he was praying, out of respect, I was just looking at the front and not at the back – and suddenly after about four, five minutes, there was a big blow to the back of my head."[37] The sound of the struggle alerted Tali Manes, a mother waiting for her daughter to finish using the nearby lavatory.[21][38] Tali informed her husband, Tzvika Manes, sitting in the front row, and one of the two deadheading pilots on board.[21] Meanwhile, Machchhar managed to click the release to open the cockpit door from the inside, which otherwise would have been difficult to penetrate.[39][40] Tzvika saw Machchhar fall out of the cockpit with the first officer "on top of him, stabbing him" as the plane began to dive.[21][17]
One of the deadheading pilots (identified by the passengers as "James"),[22] Tzvika, and other passengers, including Yaniv Hayun, Shota Musayev, and Asaf Rajuan then attempted to enter the cockpit,[17][22] which Hayun said was difficult because the captain's body was resting against the door.[41] They then overpowered al-Hammami, who was allegedly attempting to disable or damage the flight controls, and removed him from the cockpit.[42] Hayun stated that he pulled back on the yoke to level the plane, based on the knowledge learned from watching the Canadian documentary series Mayday.[43] The deadheading pilot "James" then took over,[5][17][44][45] and was later joined by the other deadheading pilot.[3] Al-Hammami was initially restrained with headphone wires,[23] and reportedly yelled "Kill me, kill me";[46][47] he was later restrained with cable ties.[48] Musayev, a dentist, treated the captain's injuries.[23]
Upon receiving the hijacking code and being unable to contact the flight for 30 minutes,[19] the Israeli Air Force scrambled fighter jets.[3][33] Under certain conditions, and with the approval of the Israeli prime minister, Israeli Air Force protocol calls for a rogue flight approaching Israel to be shot out of the sky.[49] The aircraft continued west into Jordanian airspace before turning around and heading back toward Saudi Arabia,[50] at which point the fighter jets were recalled.[49] After an hour flying at its new altitude of 15,000ft (4,600m), the plane landed safely at Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Airport in Tabuk, in northwestern Saudi Arabia at 10:45a.m. GST (9:45a.m. SAST).[30][34][51] Photographs taken after the landing showed that most of the aircraft's rudder was missing; it had likely detached during the rapid descent when the plane exceeded its maximum design speed.[3]
Upon landing, al-Hammami was arrested by Saudi authorities.[3] Both injured pilots were taken to nearby hospitals.[48] The captain was in serious condition after sustaining deep cuts to the head and hands;[48] his condition was later reported to be stable.[52][53] Musayev said that he feared that if the landing had been delayed by even a few more moments, the captain would not have survived.[54] One passenger was also hospitalized, and some passengers required bandages for minor injuries, but most passengers were physically unharmed.[55]
Investigation
Al-Hammami is an Omani national[56] who had worked for the airline since February 2026.[57] He was 29 years old at the time of the incident, and was born to an Omani father and Syrian mother.[57] According to Netanyahu, "he was suicidal, that's not a question" and interrogation revealed he had undergone Islamist radical indoctrination.[47] According to Saudi television station Al Arabiya, he was radicalized while in Syria.[58] Under its agreement with Israel, Flydubai was obligated to exclude Omani pilots from any of its Israeli operations because Oman and Israel do not have diplomatic relations.[59]
In 2024, extremist material had been found in al-Hammami's possession while he worked for Oman Air.[60] Oman Air suspended him from piloting because he had radical ideological views,[61][60] assigned him an administrative role, and enrolled him in a deradicalization program,[61][60] but Oman Air did not share its concerns more broadly.[57]
On 1 October 2026, al-Hammami was transferred to the UAE,[62] which launched an investigation into the incident, the motive, the weapon used,[63] and any possible link to terrorism.[64] Israel joined the investigation.[65]ABC News reported that Al-Hammami was cooperating with UAE authorities, and indicated he had intended to crash the aircraft in Israel.[60] Law enforcement agencies from Saudi Arabia and the United States are monitoring the investigation.[66][8][67]
On 4 October, the Australian Federal Police confirmed an investigation by a counterterrorism team to determine whether al-Hammami became radicalized while on a student visa in Australia between 2015 and 2017.[68] Also on 4 October, The Times of Israel reported that al-Hamammi had intended to crash the plane into a Tel Aviv skyscraper or Ben Gurion Airport.[69][70]
On 5 October, The Wall Street Journal reported that Flydubai had performed a criminal-background check on al-Hammami when he was hired in February 2026, approximately seven months before the incident, but had not contacted Omani authorities to verify his previous employment history. He had subsequently flown to Israel on multiple occasions.[71] Al-Hammami reportedly told his interrogators that he acted in retaliation for the Gaza war and wished to die as a martyr.[72]
On 8 October, The Wall Street Journal reported that, according to people briefed on the investigation, al-Hammami had deliberately sought employment with an airline operating flights to Israel and had considered carrying out an attack on an July 2026 flight.[73]
On 9 October, the UAE acknowledged that al-Hammami was planning a 9/11-style "suicide attack" against Ben Gurion Airport.[74]
In an official statement, Flydubai confirmed that an "incident" had occurred during the flight, noting that the plane landed safely in Tabuk and that all passengers were secure.[78][79] A second statement cited "an altercation" on the flight deck, called the motives unknown, and said on-duty crew travelling on the flight landed the aircraft.[18]
Saudi Arabia, which has no diplomatic relations with Israel, refused a request to allow Israeli military aircraft to retrieve Israeli passengers from Tabuk;[80] instead, Flydubai sent two replacement aircraft to Tabuk to fly the passengers to Tel Aviv.[81][82][18]
Netanyahu and Defence Minister Israel Katz held a security consultation, and Israel Defense Forces (IDF) chief of staff Eyal Zamir held a situational assessment with commander of the Israeli Air Force Omer Tischler and other senior military officials.[4][34][83] Israeli and UAE officials called it an attempted terrorist attack,[84][85][86] and Netanyahu said that it was too early to establish who was behind the attack.[87] Netanyahu and Indian prime minister Narendra Modi both praised Captain Machchhar.[88][89]
Netanyahu announced new security measures in response to the incident.[83] Following Israeli transport minister Miri Regev's advice, Israel suspended all Flydubai flights to the country for six days.[90] The UAE agreed to Israel's security demands, allowing El Al, Arkia, and Israir to resume flights after being restricted by Israeli security forces for the preceding six months over unresolved security concerns stemming from the Middle Eastern conflict.[91][92] The three airlines announced that they would resume service to Dubai on 2 October to bring back Israelis remaining there; El Al's landing slot was delayed until 3 October.[93]
On the morning of 1 October, the captain and first officer were flown from Saudi Arabia to the UAE after they were medically cleared for travel.[94][95] The captain continued to receive medical treatment in the UAE.[94] The same day, US president Donald Trump threatened to hit Iran "very hard" if it was behind the thwarted attack, suggesting that the Omani first officer was linked to Tehran "based on what I'm hearing," but did not provide further details.[96][97]
On 2 October, Anwar Gargash, Emirati senior adviser to UAE president Mohammed bin Zayed, became the first senior Emirati official to publicly state the incident was an "act of terrorism".[98]
On 4 October, the Israeli government said that it does not independently vet foreign pilots,[99] but relies on international airlines confirming that they have vetted the pilots in accordance with international standards.[100] The same day, Netanyahu ordered "a thorough review" of security procedures for international flights to Israel.[101]
False flag conspiracy theories
Shortly after the incident, social media posts speculating that the incident was an Israeli-planned false flag operation began circulating online.[102][103][104] The Antisemitism Research Center (ARC), an AI-powered social media mass surveillance project of the Combat Antisemitism Movement (CAM), stated that conspiracy theories were being spread as early as 67 minutes after the plane squawked an emergency signal (i.e., while the plane was still in the air), and that it was likely part of a coordinated propaganda campaign against Israel by Iranian and Russian state agencies. CAM issued a report stating that 2,963 of 4,136 social media reports collected in the 12-hour period after the hijacking included false flag conspiracy theories.[105] Oliver Marks, a surveillance analyst at ARC, said "this isn't a narrative that forms in response to an incident... it's part of a script that already exists, sitting ready for use whenever opportunities arise."[106]
Analysis
Richard J. Levy of Aviation Experts Consulting, a retired airline captain,[107] said that the wounded captain sending an emergency signal and managing to unlock the cockpit door while under attack was remarkable.[108][46] He also said it was astonishing that the aircraft was flyable after the rudder was ripped off.[108]
Sally Leivesley, an aviation security expert, estimated that the plane pulled out of its rapid descent with only five seconds to spare before recovery would have been impossible.[108]
ABC News contributor, former fighter pilot,[109] and retired colonel Steve Ganyard said it was extraordinary that "a passenger who'd done nothing more than watch television shows,... knew how to recover the airplane and pull just hard enough to recover the airplane, but not so hard that it would do [further] damage or destroy the airplane."[32]
123Ben Kimon, Elisha; Lifshitz-Kliger, Iris; Eichner, Itamar; Tamari, Liran (30 September 2026). מכות בין הטייסים: מטוס מדובאי לנתב"ג דיווח על חשש לחטיפה ונחת בסעודיה[Fistfight between the pilots: A flight from Dubai to Ben Gurion Airport reported a suspected hijacking and landed in Saudi Arabia]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 30 September 2026.
12345"Updates on FZ 1073 DXB-TLV on 30 September 2026". flydubai. 30 September 2026. Archived from the original on 30 September 2026. Retrieved 6 October 2026. The aircraft was successfully secured by on-duty flydubai crew travelling on the flight, who diverted and landed the aircraft safely at Tabuk Airport (TUU).
12Pereira, Ivan. "FlyDubai's recovery from extreme deep dive during attack 'extraordinary': Aviation expert"Archived 2 October 2026 at the Wayback Machine , ABC News, 1 October 2026. Accessed 2 October 2026. "'This airplane is going 600 miles an hour, pointed at the ground, and a passenger on board is able to pull back on the yoke, and pull the nose up out of the dive, and not rip anything more than the rudder off the airplane', ABC News contributor and retired Col. Steve Ganyard said.... Ganyard said at that speed, the plane is going faster than what it was designed for and parts of the plane begin to rip off. Images of Flight 1073 showed parts of the rudder ripped off."
↑Blumenthal, Itay; Cohen, Gili; Glick, Shahar; Zuaretz, Itzik; Brandes, Ram (30 September 2026). אחרי שעות מורטות עצבים: נוסעי "פליי דובאי" שבו ארצה[After many nerve-wracking hours, FlyDubai passengers return to Israel]. Kan News (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 30 September 2026. Retrieved 2 October 2026.
↑Reiss, Johnatan. "Airlines Set to Bring Israelis Back From U.A.E. After FlyDubai Cockpit Attack", The New York Times, 2 October 2026. Accessed 2 October 2026. "Several Israeli airlines on Friday were preparing special flights to bring Israelis back from Dubai, after a midair cockpit attack this week on a FlyDubai flight to Tel Aviv halted the only direct service between the two cities. Thousands of Israelis are estimated to have remained in Dubai since the attack on Wednesday, according to David Sasi, a spokesman for Miri Regev, the Israeli transportation minister.... Two Israeli airlines, Israir and Arkia, said Friday that they had obtained 'the required permissions' to land at Dubai's airport.... El Al, Israel’s flag carrier, said that it had been 'prepared to operate the special rescue flights' on Friday but that authorities had 'suddenly' canceled its permission."
↑Carson, Alex. "Watchdogs uncovered conspiracy theories blaming Israel for staging flydubai incident; Within an hour of the attempted hijacking of a flydubai headed for Tel Aviv, conspiracy theories began circulating online positing that Netanyahu and the Mossad staged the incident."Archived 2 October 2026 at the Wayback Machine , The Jerusalem Post, 1 October 2026. Accessed 1 October 2026. "Online conspiracy theories accusing Israel of orchestrating a false-flag operation began circulating on social media just over an hour after an attempted terrorist attack aboard an Israel-bound flydubai flight on Wednesday, according to antisemitism watchdogs.... The first post declaring the event an Israeli false flag appeared on X/Twitter 67 minutes after the emergency signal, the Combat Antisemitism Movement (CAM) and Antisemitism Research Center (ARC) reported.... The ARC study tracked 4,136 posts containing the phrase 'false flag' over a 12-hour monitoring period. It identified 2,963 hostile posts that blamed Israel, the Mossad, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Zionists, or Jews for the incident. Conspiracy content escalated rapidly after the initial post, reaching 100 posts by 3:07 a.m. ET, 500 posts by 5:42 a.m. ET, 1,000 posts by 7:35 a.m. ET, and 2,000 posts by 9:36 a.m. ET, with volume continuing to rise until collection ended at 10:43 a.m. ET."
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