Foreach loop

foreach loops are almost always used to iterate over items in a sequence of elements.

In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement. Unlike other for loop constructs, however, foreach loops ^[1] usually maintain no explicit counter: they essentially say "do this to everything in this set", rather than "do this x times". This avoids potential off-by-one errors and makes code simpler to read. In object-oriented languages, an iterator, even if implicit, is often used as the means of traversal.

The foreach statement in some languages has some defined order, processing each item in the collection from the first to the last. The foreach statement in many other languages, especially array programming languages, does not have any particular order. This simplifies loop optimization in general and in particular allows vector processing of items in the collection concurrently.

Syntax

Syntax varies among languages. Most use the simple word for, roughly as follows:

for each item in collection:   do something to item

Language support

Programming languages which support foreach loops include ABC, ActionScript, Ada, C++11, C#, ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML), Cobra, D, Daplex (query language), Delphi, ECMAScript, Erlang, Java (since 1.5), JavaScript, Lua, Objective-C (since 2.0), ParaSail, Perl, PHP, Prolog, ^[2] Python, R, REALbasic, Rebol, ^[3] Red, ^[4] Ruby, Scala, Smalltalk, Swift, Tcl, tcsh, Unix shells, Visual Basic .NET, and Windows PowerShell. Notable languages without foreach are C, and C++ pre-C++11.

ActionScript 3.0

ActionScript supports the ECMAScript 4.0 Standard ^[5] for for each .. in ^[6] which pulls the value at each index.

varfoo:Object={"apple":1,"orange":2};foreach(varvalue:intinfoo){trace(value);}// returns "1" then "2"

It also supports for .. in ^[7] which pulls the key at each index.

for(varkey:Stringinfoo){trace(key);}// returns "apple" then "orange"

Ada

Ada supports foreach loops as part of the normal for loop. Say X is an array:

forIinX'RangeloopX(I):=Get_Next_Element;endloop;

This syntax is used on mostly arrays, but will also work with other types when a full iteration is needed.

Ada 2012 has generalized loops to foreach loops on any kind of container (array, lists, maps...):

forObjofXloop-- Work on Objendloop;

C

The C language does not have collections or a foreach construct. However, it has several standard data structures that can be used as collections, and foreach can be made easily with a macro.

However, two obvious problems occur:

• The macro is unhygienic: it declares a new variable in the existing scope which remains after the loop.
• One foreach macro cannot be defined that works with different collection types (e.g., array and linked list) or that is extensible to user types.

C string as a collection of char

#include<stdio.h>/* foreach macro viewing a string as a collection of char values */#define foreach(ptrvar, strvar) \char* ptrvar; \for (ptrvar = strvar; (*ptrvar) != '\0'; *ptrvar++)intmain(intargc,char**argv){char*s1="abcdefg";char*s2="123456789";foreach(p1,s1){printf("loop 1: %c\n",*p1);}foreach(p2,s2){printf("loop 2: %c\n",*p2);}return0;}

C int array as a collection of int (array size known at compile-time)

#include<stdio.h>/* foreach macro viewing an array of int values as a collection of int values */#define foreach(intpvar, intarr) \int* intpvar; \for (intpvar = intarr; intpvar < (intarr + (sizeof(intarr)/sizeof(intarr[0]))); ++intpvar)intmain(intargc,char**argv){inta1[]={1,1,2,3,5,8};inta2[]={3,1,4,1,5,9};foreach(p1,a1){printf("loop 1: %d\n",*p1);}foreach(p2,a2){printf("loop 2: %d\n",*p2);}return0;}

Most general: string or array as collection (collection size known at run-time)

Note: idxtype can be removed and typeof(col[0]) used in its place with GCC

#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>/* foreach macro viewing an array of given type as a collection of values of given type */#define arraylen(arr) (sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]))#define foreach(idxtype, idxpvar, col, colsiz) \idxtype* idxpvar; \for (idxpvar = col; idxpvar < (col + colsiz); ++idxpvar)intmain(intargc,char**argv){char*c1="collection";intc2[]={3,1,4,1,5,9};double*c3;intc3len=4;c3=(double*)calloc(c3len,sizeof(double));c3[0]=1.2;c3[1]=3.4;c3[2]=5.6;c3[3]=7.8;foreach(char,p1,c1,strlen(c1)){printf("loop 1: %c\n",*p1);}foreach(int,p2,c2,arraylen(c2)){printf("loop 2: %d\n",*p2);}foreach(double,p3,c3,c3len){printf("loop 3: %.1lf\n",*p3);}return0;}

C#

In C#, assuming that myArray is an array of integers:

foreach(intxinmyArray){Console.WriteLine(x);}

Language Integrated Query (LINQ) provides the following syntax, accepting a delegate or lambda expression:

myArray.ToList().ForEach(x=>Console.WriteLine(x));

C++

C++11 provides a foreach loop. The syntax is similar to that of Java:

#include<iostream>intmain(){intmyint[]={1,2,3,4,5};for(inti:myint){std::cout<<i<<'\n';}}

C++11 range-based for statements have been implemented in GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) (since version 4.6), Clang (since version 3.0) and Visual C++ 2012 (version 11 ^[8] )

The range-based for is syntactic sugar equivalent to:

for(auto__anon=begin(myint);__anon!=end(myint);++__anon){autoi=*__anon;std::cout<<i<<'\n';}

The compiler uses argument-dependent lookup to resolve the begin and end functions. ^[9]

The C++ Standard Library also supports for_each, ^[10] that applies each element to a function, which can be any predefined function or a lambda expression. While range-based for is only from the beginning to the end, the range and direction you can change the direction or range by altering the first two parameters.

#include<iostream>#include<algorithm> // contains std::for_each#include<vector>intmain(){std::vector<int>v{1,2,3,4,5};std::for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),[](inti){std::cout<<i<<'\n';});std::cout<<"reversed but skip 2 elements:\n";std::for_each(v.rbegin()+2,v.rend(),[](inti){std::cout<<i<<'\n';});}

Qt, a C++ framework, offers a macro providing foreach loops ^[11] using the STL iterator interface:

#include<QList>#include<QDebug>intmain(){QList<int>list;list<<1<<2<<3<<4<<5;foreach(inti,list){qDebug()<<i;}}

Boost, a set of free peer-reviewed portable C++ libraries also provides foreach loops: ^[12]

#include<boost/foreach.hpp>#include<iostream>intmain(){intmyint[]={1,2,3,4,5};BOOST_FOREACH(int&i,myint){std::cout<<i<<'\n';}}

C++/CLI

The C++/CLI language proposes a construct similar to C#.

Assuming that myArray is an array of integers:

foreach(intxinmyArray){Console::WriteLine(x);}

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Main article: ColdFusion Markup Language

Script syntax

// arraysarrayeach([1,2,3,4,5],function(v){writeOutput(v);});// orfor(vin[1,2,3,4,5]){writeOutput(v);}// or// (Railo only; not supported in ColdFusion)letters=["a","b","c","d","e"];letters.each(function(v){writeOutput(v);// abcde});// structsfor(kincollection){writeOutput(collection[k]);}// orstructEach(collection,function(k,v){writeOutput("key: #k#, value: #v#;");});// or// (Railo only; not supported in ColdFusion)collection.each(function(k,v){writeOutput("key: #k#, value: #v#;");});

Tag syntax

<!--- arrays ---><cfloopindex="v"array="#['a','b','c','d','e']#"><cfoutput>#v#</cfoutput><!--- a b c d e  ---></cfloop>

CFML incorrectly identifies the value as "index" in this construct; the index variable does receive the actual value of the array element, not its index.

<!--- structs ---><cfloopitem="k"collection="#collection#"><cfoutput>#collection[k]#</cfoutput></cfloop>

Common Lisp

Common Lisp provides foreach ability either with the dolist macro:

(dolist(i'(13568101417))(printi))

or the powerful loop macro to iterate on more data types

(loopforiin'(13568101417)do(printi))

and even with the mapcar function:

(mapcar#'print'(13568101417))

D

Main article: D (programming language)

foreach(item;set){// do something to item}

or

foreach(argument){// pass value}

Dart

Main article: Dart (programming language)

for(finalelementinsomeCollection){// do something with element}

Object Pascal, Delphi

Main articles: Object Pascal and Delphi (software)

Foreach support was added in Delphi 2005, and uses an enumerator variable that must be declared in the var section.

forenumeratorincollectiondobegin//do something hereend;

Eiffel

The iteration (foreach) form of the Eiffel loop construct is introduced by the keyword across.

In this example, every element of the structure my_list is printed:

acrossmy_listasicloopprint(ic.item)end

The local entity ic is an instance of the library class ITERATION_CURSOR. The cursor's feature item provides access to each structure element. Descendants of class ITERATION_CURSOR can be created to handle specialized iteration algorithms. The types of objects that can be iterated across (my_list in the example) are based on classes that inherit from the library class ITERABLE.

The iteration form of the Eiffel loop can also be used as a boolean expression when the keyword loop is replaced by either all (effecting universal quantification) or some (effecting existential quantification).

This iteration is a boolean expression which is true if all items in my_list have counts greater than three:

acrossmy_listasicallic.item.count>3end

The following is true if at least one item has a count greater than three:

acrossmy_listasicsomeic.item.count>3end

Go

Go's foreach loop can be used to loop over an array, slice, string, map, or channel.

Using the two-value form, we get the index/key (first element) and the value (second element):

forindex,value:=rangesomeCollection{// Do something to index and value}

Using the one-value form, we get the index/key (first element):

forindex:=rangesomeCollection{// Do something to index}

^[13]

Groovy

Groovy supports for loops over collections like arrays, lists and ranges:

defx=[1,2,3,4]for(vinx)// loop over the 4-element array x{printlnv}for(vin[1,2,3,4])// loop over 4-element literal list {printlnv}for(vin1..4)// loop over the range 1..4{printlnv}

Groovy also supports a C-style for loop with an array index:

for(i=0;i<x.size();i++){printlnx[i]}

Collections in Groovy can also be iterated over using the each keyword and a closure. By default, the loop dummy is named it

x.each{printlnit}// print every element of the x arrayx.each{i->printlni}// equivalent to line above, only loop dummy explicitly named "i"

Haskell

Haskell allows looping over lists with monadic actions using mapM_ and forM_ (mapM_ with its arguments flipped) from Control.Monad:

code	prints
mapM_print[1..4]	1 2 3 4
forM_"test"$\char->doputCharcharputCharchar	tteesstt

It's also possible to generalize those functions to work on applicative functors rather than monads and any data structure that is traversable using traverse (for with its arguments flipped) and mapM (forM with its arguments flipped) from Data.Traversable.

Haxe

Main article: Haxe

for(valueiniterable){trace(value);}Lambda.iter(iterable,function(value)trace(value));

Java

In Java, a foreach-construct was introduced in Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.5.0. ^[14]

Official sources use several names for the construct. It is referred to as the "Enhanced for Loop", ^[14] the "For-Each Loop", ^[15] and the "foreach statement". ^{[16] [17] : 264}

for(Typeitem:iterableCollection){// Do something to item}

Java also provides the stream api since java 8: ^{[17] : 294–203}

List<Integer>intList=List.of(1,2,3,4);intList.stream().forEach(i->System.out.println(i));

JavaScript

The ECMAScript 6 standard has for..of for index-less iteration over generators, arrays and more:

for(varitemofarray){// Do stuff}

Alternatively, function-based style: ^[18]

array.forEach(item=>{// Do stuff})

For unordered iteration over the keys in an Object, JavaScript features the for...in loop:

for(varkeyinobject){// Do stuff with object[key]}

To limit the iteration to the object's own properties, excluding those inherited through the prototype chain, it is sometimes useful to add a hasOwnProperty() test, if supported by the JavaScript engine (for WebKit/Safari, this means "in version 3 or later").

for(varkeyinobject){if(object.hasOwnProperty(key)){// Do stuff with object[key]}}

ECMAScript 5 provided Object.keys method, to transfer the own keys of an object into array. ^[19]

varbook={name:"A Christmas Carol",author:"Charles Dickens"};for(varkeyofObject.keys(book)){alert("PropertyName = "key+" Property Value = "+book[key]);}

Lua

Main article: Lua (programming language)

Source: ^[20]

Iterate only through numerical index values:

forindex,valueinipairs(array)do-- do somethingend

Iterate through all index values:

forindex,valueinpairs(array)do-- do somethingend

Mathematica

In Mathematica, Do will simply evaluate an expression for each element of a list, without returning any value.

In[]:=Do[doSomethingWithItem,{item,list}]

It is more common to use Table, which returns the result of each evaluation in a new list.

In[]:=list={3,4,5};In[]:=Table[item^2,{item,list}]Out[]={9,16,25}

MATLAB

Main article: MATLAB

foritem=array%do somethingend

Mint

For each loops are supported in Mint, possessing the following syntax:

foreachelementoflist/* 'Do something.' */end

The for (;;) or while (true) infinite loop in Mint can be written using a for each loop and an infinitely long list. ^[21]

importtype/* 'This function is mapped to' * 'each index number i of the' * 'infinitely long list.' */subidentity(x)returnxend/* 'The following creates the list' * '[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..., infinity]' */infiniteList=list(identity)foreachelementofinfiniteList/* 'Do something forever.' */end

Objective-C

Foreach loops, called Fast enumeration, are supported starting in Objective-C 2.0. They can be used to iterate over any object that implements the NSFastEnumeration protocol, including NSArray, NSDictionary (iterates over keys), NSSet, etc.

NSArray*a=[NSArraynew];// Any container class can be substitutedfor(idobjina){// Note the dynamic typing (we do not need to know the// Type of object stored in 'a'.  In fact, there can be// many different types of object in the array.printf("%s\n",[[objdescription]UTF8String]);// Must use UTF8String with %sNSLog(@"%@",obj);// Leave as an object}

NSArrays can also broadcast a message to their members:

NSArray*a=[NSArraynew];[amakeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(printDescription)];

Where blocks are available, an NSArray can automatically perform a block on every contained item:

[myArrayenumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(idobj,NSUIntegeridx,BOOL*stop){NSLog(@"obj %@",obj);if([objshouldStopIterationNow])*stop=YES;}];

The type of collection being iterated will dictate the item returned with each iteration. For example:

NSDictionary*d=[NSDictionarynew];for(idkeyind){NSObject*obj=[dobjectForKey:key];// We use the (unique) key to access the (possibly nonunique) object.NSLog(@"%@",obj);}

OCaml

OCaml is a functional programming language. Thus, the equivalent of a foreach loop can be achieved as a library function over lists and arrays.

For lists:

List.iter(funx->print_intx)[1;2;3;4];;

or in short way:

List.iterprint_int[1;2;3;4];;

For arrays:

Array.iter(funx->print_intx)[|1;2;3;4|];;

or in short way:

Array.iterprint_int[|1;2;3;4|];;

ParaSail

The ParaSail parallel programming language supports several kinds of iterators, including a general "for each" iterator over a container:

varCon:Container<Element_Type>:=...// ...foreachElemofConconcurrentloop// loop may also be "forward" or "reverse" or unordered (the default)// ... do something with Elemendloop

ParaSail also supports filters on iterators, and the ability to refer to both the key and the value of a map. Here is a forward iteration over the elements of "My_Map" selecting only elements where the keys are in "My_Set":

varMy_Map:Map<Key_Type=>Univ_String,Value_Type=>Tree<Integer>>:=...constMy_Set:Set<Univ_String>:=["abc","def","ghi"];foreach[Str=>Tr]ofMy_Map{StrinMy_Set}forwardloop// ... do something with Str or Trendloop

Pascal

In Pascal, ISO standard 10206:1990 introduced iteration over set types, thus:

varelt:ElementType;eltset:setofElementType;{...}foreltineltsetdo{ ... do something with elt }

Perl

In Perl, foreach (which is equivalent to the shorter for) can be used to traverse elements of a list. The expression which denotes the collection to loop over is evaluated in list-context and each item of the resulting list is, in turn, aliased to the loop variable.

List literal example:

foreach(1,2,3,4){print$_;}

Array examples:

foreach(@arr){print$_;}

foreach$x(@arr){#$x is the element in @arrprint$x;}

Hash example:

foreach$x(keys%hash){print$x." = ".$hash{$x};# $x is a key in %hash and $hash{$x} is its value}

Direct modification of collection members:

@arr=('remove-foo','remove-bar');foreach$x(@arr){$x=~s/remove-//;}# Now @arr = ('foo', 'bar');

PHP

Main article: PHP syntax and semantics

foreach($setas$value){// Do something to $value;}

It is also possible to extract both keys and values using the alternate syntax:

foreach($setas$key=>$value){echo"{$key} has a value of {$value}";}

Direct modification of collection members:

$arr=array(1,2,3);foreach($arras&$value){// Note the &, $value is a reference to the original value inside $arr$value++;}// Now $arr = array(2, 3, 4);// also works with the full syntaxforeach($arras$key=>&$value){$value++;}

• More information

Python

Main article: Python (programming language)

foriteminiterable_collection:# Do something with item

Python's tuple assignment, fully available in its foreach loop, also makes it trivial to iterate on (key, value) pairs in associative arrays:

forkey,valueinsome_dict.items():# Direct iteration on a dict iterates on its keys# Do stuff

As for ... in is the only kind of for loop in Python, the equivalent to the "counter" loop found in other languages is...

foriinrange(len(seq)):# Do something to seq[i]

... though using the enumerate function is considered more "Pythonic":

fori,iteminenumerate(seq):# Do stuff with item# Possibly assign it back to seq[i]

R

Main article: R (programming language)

for (iteminobject){# Do something with item}

As for ... in is the only kind of for loop in R, the equivalent to the "counter" loop found in other languages is...

for (iinseq_along(object)){# Do something with object[[i]]}

Racket

Main article: Racket (programming language)

(for([itemset])(do-something-withitem))

or using the conventional Scheme for-each function:

(for-eachdo-something-witha-list)

do-something-with is a one-argument function.

Raku

In Raku, a sister language to Perl, for must be used to traverse elements of a list (foreach is not allowed). The expression which denotes the collection to loop over is evaluated in list-context, but not flattened by default, and each item of the resulting list is, in turn, aliased to the loop variable(s).

List literal example:

for1..4 {     .say; } 

Array examples:

for@arr {     .say; } 

The for loop in its statement modifier form:

.sayfor@arr; 

for@arr -> $x {     say$x; } 

for@arr -> $x, $y {    # more than one item at a timesay"$x, $y"; } 

Hash example:

forkeys%hash -> $key {     say"$key: $hash{$key}"; } 

or

for%hash.kv -> $key, $value {     say"$key: $value"; } 

or

for%hash -> $x {     say"$x.key(): $x.value()";    # Parentheses needed to inline in double quoted string } 

Direct modification of collection members with a doubly pointy block, <->:

my@arr = 1,2,3; for@arr <-> $x {     $x *= 2; } # Now @arr = 2,4,6;

Ruby

Main article: Ruby (programming language)

set.eachdo|item|# do something to itemend

or

foriteminset# do something to itemend

This can also be used with a hash.

set.eachdo|key,value|# do something to key# do something to valueend

Rust

Main article: Rust (programming language)

The for loop has the structure for<pattern>in<expression>{/* optional statements */}. It implicitly calls the IntoIterator::into_iter method on the expression, and uses the resulting value, which must implement the Iterator trait. If the expression is itself an iterator, it is used directly by the for loop through an implementation of IntoIterator for all Iterators that returns the iterator unchanged. The loop calls the Iterator::next method on the iterator before executing the loop body. If Iterator::next returns Some(_) , the value inside is assigned to the pattern and the loop body is executed; if it returns None, the loop is terminated.

letmutnumbers=vec![1,2,3];// Immutable reference:fornumberin&numbers{// calls IntoIterator::into_iter(&numbers)println!("{}",number);}forsquareinnumbers.iter().map(|x|x*x){// numbers.iter().map(|x| x * x) implements Iteratorprintln!("{}",square);}// Mutable reference:fornumberin&mutnumbers{// calls IntoIterator::into_iter(&mut numbers)*number*=2;}// prints "[2, 4, 6]":println!("{:?}",numbers);// Consumes the Vec and creates an Iterator:fornumberinnumbers{// calls IntoIterator::into_iter(numbers)// ...}// Errors with "borrow of moved value":// println!("{:?}", numbers);

Scala

Main article: Scala (programming language)

// return list of modified elementsitemsmap{x=>doSomething(x)}itemsmapmultiplyByTwofor{x<-items}yielddoSomething(x)for{x<-items}yieldmultiplyByTwo(x)// return nothing, just perform actionitemsforeach{x=>doSomething(x)}itemsforeachprintlnfor{x<-items}doSomething(x)for{x<-items}println(x)// pattern matching example in for-comprehensionfor((key,value)<-someMap)println(s"$key -> $value")

Scheme

Main article: Scheme (programming language)

(for-eachdo-something-witha-list)

do-something-with is a one-argument function.

Smalltalk

Main article: Smalltalk

collectiondo: [:item|"do something to item" ] 

Swift

Swift uses the for…in construct to iterate over members of a collection. ^[22]

forthinginsomeCollection{// do something with thing}

The for…in loop is often used with the closed and half-open range constructs to iterate over the loop body a certain number of times.

foriin0..<10{// 0..<10 constructs a half-open range, so the loop body// is repeated for i = 0, i = 1, …, i = 9.}foriin0...10{// 0...10 constructs a closed range, so the loop body// is repeated for i = 0, i = 1, …, i = 9, i = 10.}

SystemVerilog

SystemVerilog supports iteration over any vector or array type of any dimensionality using the foreach keyword.

A trivial example iterates over an array of integers:

code	prints
intarray_1d[]='{3,2,1,0};foreacharray_1d[index]$display("array_1d[%0d]: %0d",index,array_1d[index]);	array_1d[0]: 3 array_1d[1]: 2 array_1d[2]: 1 array_1d[3]: 0

A more complex example iterates over an associative array of arrays of integers:

code	prints
intarray_2d[string][]='{"tens":'{10,11},"twenties":'{20,21}};foreacharray_2d[key,index]$display("array_2d[%s,%0d]: %0d",key,index,array_2d[key,index]);	array_2d[tens,0]: 10 array_2d[tens,1]: 11 array_2d[twenties,0]: 20 array_2d[twenties,1]: 21

Tcl

Tcl uses foreach to iterate over lists. It is possible to specify more than one iterator variable, in which case they are assigned sequential values from the list.

code	prints
foreach{ij}{123456}{puts"$i $j"}	1 2 3 4 5 6

It is also possible to iterate over more than one list simultaneously. In the following i assumes sequential values of the first list, j sequential values of the second list:

code	prints
foreachi{123}j{abc}{puts"$i $j"}	1 a 2 b 3 c

Visual Basic .NET

Main article: Visual Basic .NET

ForEachitemInenumerable' Do something with item.Next

or without type inference

ForEachitemAstypeInenumerable' Do something with item.Next

Windows

Conventional command processor

Main articles: COMMAND.COM and cmd.exe

Invoke a hypothetical frob command three times, giving it a color name each time.

C:\>FOR%%a IN( red green blue )DO frob %%a 

Windows PowerShell

Main article: Windows PowerShell

foreach($itemin$set){# Do something to $item}

From a pipeline

$list|ForEach-Object{Write-Host$_}# or using the aliases$list|foreach{write $_}$list|%{write $_}

XSLT

Main article: XSLT

<xsl:for-eachselect="set"><!-- do something for the elements in <set> --></xsl:for-each>

^[23]

See also

• Do while loop
• For loop
• While loop
• Map (higher-order function)

References

1. "D Programming Language foreach Statement Documentation". Digital Mars. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
2. "SWI-Prolog -- foreach/2". www.swi-prolog.org. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
3. http://www.rebol.com.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
4. http://www.red-lang.org.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
5. "Proposed ECMAScript 4th Edition – Language Overview" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-02-21.
6. "for each..in" . Retrieved 2020-02-21.
7. "for..in" . Retrieved 2020-02-21.
8. "C++11 Features in Visual C++ 11 - Visual C++ Team Blog - Site Home - MSDN Blogs". Blogs.msdn.com. 2011-09-12. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
9. "Range-based for loop (since C++11)". en.cppreference.com. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
10. "std::for_each - cppreference". en.cppreference.com. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
11. "Qt 4.2: Generic Containers". Doc.qt.digia.com. Archived from the original on 2015-11-23. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
12. Eric Niebler (2013-01-31). "Chapter 9. Boost.Foreach - 1.53.0". Boost.org. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
13. "Range Clause". The Go Programming Language Specification. The Go Programming Language. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
14. "Enhanced for Loop - This new language construct[...]" "Java Programming Language, Section: Enhancements in JDK 5". Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
15. "The For-Each Loop" "The For-Each Loop". Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
16. "Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of the "foreach" statement." "Iterable (Java Platform SE 6)". Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-12.
17. Bloch, Joshua (2018). "Effective Java: Programming Language Guide" (third ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN   978-0134685991.
18. "Array.prototype.forEach() - JavaScript | MDN". 16 December 2023.
19. "Object.keys". Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
20. "Lua Programming/Tables - Wikibooks, open books for an open world". en.wikibooks.org. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
21. Chu, Oliver. "Mint Tutorial" . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
22. "Control Flow — the Swift Programming Language (Swift 5.5)".
23. "XSLT <xsl:for-each> Element". W3Schools.com.