The Republic of Estonia gained its independence from the Russian Empire on 24 February 1918 and established diplomatic relations with many countries via membership of the League of Nations. The forcible incorporation of Estonia into the Soviet Union in 1940 was not generally recognised by the international community and the Estonian diplomatic service continued to operate in some countries. Following the restoration of independence from the Soviet Union, Russia was one of the first nations to re-recognize Estonia's independence. Estonia's immediate priority after regaining its independence was the withdrawal of Russian forces from Estonian territory. In August 1994, this was completed. However, relations with Moscow have remained strained primarily because Russia decided not to ratify the border treaty it had signed with Estonia in 1999.
The Government of Bhutan has been a constitutional monarchy since 18 July 2008. The King of Bhutan is the head of state. The executive power is exercised by the Lhengye Zhungtshog, or council of ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral Parliament, both the upper house, National Council, and the lower house, National Assembly. A royal edict issued on April 22, 2007 lifted the previous ban on political parties, ordering that they be created, in anticipation of National Assembly elections to be held the following year. In 2008, Bhutan adopted its first modern Constitution, codifying the institutions of government and the legal framework for a democratic multi-party system.
Bhutan has diplomatic relations with 54 of 193 member states of the United Nations, including the European Union. Bhutan's limited number of such relations, including the absence of formal relations with any of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, is part of a deliberate isolationist policy of limiting foreign influence in the state. This stance has been safeguarded by close relations with India, of which Bhutan has previously been considered a protected state.
The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs is the ministry of the Government of France that handles France's foreign relations. Since 1855, its headquarters have been located at 37 Quai d'Orsay, close to the National Assembly. The term Quai d'Orsay is often used as a metonym for the ministry. Its cabinet minister, the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs is responsible for the foreign relations of France. The current officeholder, Jean-Yves Le Drian, was appointed in 2017.
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between countries. In the United States it is "Secretary of State." The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government.
In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs is a senior member of the New Zealand Government heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and responsible for relations with foreign countries.
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the foreign ministry of the Kingdom of Norway. It was established on June 7, 1905, the same day the Parliament of Norway (Stortinget) decided to dissolve the personal union with Sweden.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for conducting and managing diplomatic relations between Singapore and other countries and regions.
In a referendum on 21 May 2006, the people of Montenegro opted to leave the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. This result was confirmed with a declaration of independence by the Montenegrin parliament on 3 June 2006. It simultaneously requested international recognition and outlined foreign policy goals.
The Ministry of External Affairs of India is the government agency responsible for maintaining the foreign relations of India. The Ministry of External Affairs is headed by the Minister of External Affairs, a Cabinet Minister. The Foreign Secretary, an Indian Foreign Service officer, is the most senior civil servant who is the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. The Ministry represents the Government of India through embassies and is also responsible for India's representation at the United Nations and other international organizations. It also advises other Ministries and State Governments on foreign governments and institutions.
The bilateral relations between the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India have been traditionally close and both countries share a 'special relationship', making Bhutan a protected state, but not a protectorate, of India. India remains influential over Bhutan's foreign policy, defense and commerce. Bhutan is the largest beneficiary of India's foreign aid.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Bhutanese government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Bhutan. The Royal Government of Bhutan established the Development Ministry in 1968, which was a precursor to the institution of the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1970 and subsequent up gradation to a full-fledged ministry in 1972. Bhutan has established diplomatic relations with 52 countries and the European Union.
Bhutan–Denmark relations refers to the current and historical relations between Bhutan and Denmark. Denmark has a liaison office in Thimphu. Diplomatic relations were established in 1985. Denmark is the second-largest provider of development aid to Bhutan, after India.
The Bhutanese Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs is the government ministry within the Lhengye Zhungtshog which oversees law and order; the civil administration; immigration services; the issuance of citizenship documents, and other related documents; the delivery of services by local governments; and the preservation, promotion, development, and protection of the culture and heritage of Bhutan. It is headed by the Home Minister, who sits on the Lhengye Zhungtshog and is led by the Prime Minister. The Ministry currently operates from Tashichho Dzong.
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in India is the representative office of Taiwan in India, functioning as a de facto embassy in the absence of diplomatic relations. It was established in 1995.
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in Chennai represents the interests of Taiwan in the southern states and territories of India, functioning as a de facto consulate in the absence of diplomatic relations. It was established in 2012. It is headed by a Representative, currently Tien Chung-kwang.
Bhutanese–Kosovar relations are foreign relations between Bhutan and Kosovo. Formal diplomatic relations between two states are non-existent as Bhutan does not recognize Kosovo as a sovereign state.
