China
China is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.
China is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.
The following agreements are currently in effect, signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization. [1]
| Nation(s)/Region(s) | Signed | Effective | Treaty | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Hong Kong | 29 June 2003 | 29 June 2003 | Closer Economic Partnership Agreement | [2] |
 Macau | 18 October 2003 | 18 October 2003 | Closer Economic Partnership Agreement | [3] |
 Chile | 18 November 2005 | 1 October 2006 | Free Trade Agreement | [4] |
| 11 November 2017 | Upgraded Protocol | |||
 Pakistan | 24 November 2006 | 7 July 2007 | Free Trade Agreement | [5] |
| 28 April 2019 | 1 January 2020 | Upgraded Protocol | ||
 New Zealand | 7 April 2008 | 1 October 2008 | Free Trade Agreement | [6] |
| 26 January 2021 | Upgraded Protocol | |||
 Singapore | 23 October 2008 | 1 January 2009 | Free Trade Agreement | [7] |
| 12 November 2018 | Upgraded Protocol | |||
 Peru | 28 April 2009 | 1 March 2010 | Free Trade Agreement | [8] |
 ASEAN | 21 November 2007 | 1 January 2010 | Free Trade Area | [9] |
| 22 November 2015 | Upgraded Protocol | |||
 Taiwan | 29 June 2010 | 12 September 2010 | Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement | [10] [11] |
 Costa Rica | 8 April 2010 | 1 August 2011 | Free Trade Agreement | [12] |
 Iceland | 15 April 2013 | 1 July 2014 | Free Trade Agreement | [13] |
 Switzerland | 6 July 2013 | 1 July 2014 | Free Trade Agreement | [14] |
 South Korea | 1 June 2015 | 20 December 2015 | Free Trade Agreement | [15] |
 Australia | 17 June 2015 | 20 December 2015 | Free Trade Agreement | [16] |
 Georgia | 13 May 2017 | 1 January 2018 | Free Trade Agreement | [17] |
 Maldives | 7 December 2017 | Under ratification | Free Trade Agreement | |
 Mauritius | 17 October 2019 | 1 January 2021 | Free Trade Agreement | [18] |
 Cambodia | 12 October 2020 | 1 January 2022 | Free Trade Agreement | |
RCEP Australia  Brunei Cambodia  Indonesia  Japan South Korea  Laos  Malaysia  Myanmar New Zealand  Philippines Singapore  Thailand | 15 November 2020 | 1 January 2022 | Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership | |
 Nicaragua | 31 August 2023 | 1 January 2024 | Free Trade Agreement | [19] |
 Ecuador | 11 May 2023 | Under ratification | Free Trade Agreement | |
 Serbia | 17 October 2023 | Under ratification | Free Trade Agreement | [20] |
The following agreements are currently under negotiation.
| Nation(s) | Treaty |
|---|---|
 Sri Lanka | Free Trade Agreement |
 Moldova | Free Trade Agreement |
 Palestine | Free Trade Agreement |
 Panama | Free Trade Agreement |
 Norway | Free Trade Agreement |
| Japan South Korea | Free Trade Agreement |
 Gulf Cooperation Council | Free Trade Agreement |
 Israel | Free Trade Agreement |
 Honduras | Free Trade Agreement |
As a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong maintains its own custom territory separate from mainland China, and signs its own agreements. The following agreements are currently in effect, signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the WTO. [1]
| Nation(s)/Region(s) | Signed | Effective | Treaty | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 China | 29 June 2003 | 29 June 2003 | Closer Economic Partnership Agreement | [2] |
| New Zealand | 29 March 2010 | 1 January 2011 | Free Trade Agreement | [21] |
EFTA Iceland  Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland | 21 June 2011 | 1 October 2012 | Free Trade Agreement | [22] |
| Chile | 7 September 2012 | 9 October 2014 | Free Trade Agreement | [23] |
| Macau | 27 October 2017 | 27 October 2017 | Closer Economic Partnership Agreement | [24] |
| ASEAN | 28 March 2018 | 11 June 2019 | Free Trade Agreement | [25] |
| Georgia | 28 June 2018 | 13 February 2019 | Free Trade Agreement | [26] |
| Australia | 26 March 2019 | 17 January 2020 | Free Trade Agreement | [27] |
Under the Basic Law, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs, whilst the central government of China is responsible for its foreign affairs and defence. As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign states and regions, and plays an active role in such international organisations as World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in its own right under the name of Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong participates in 16 projects of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Singapore maintains diplomatic relations with 189 UN member states. The three exceptions are the Central African Republic, Monaco and South Sudan.
ASEAN, an abbreviation for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia. Together, its member states represent a population of over 600 million over a land area of 4.5 million km2 (1.7 million sq mi). The bloc generated a purchasing power parity (PPP) gross domestic product (GDP) of around US$10.2 trillion in 2022, constituting approximately 6.5% of global GDP (PPP). ASEAN member states include some of the fastest growing economies in the world.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of ASEAN's series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s, APEC started in 1989, in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Singapore, APEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Asia-Pacific region, and exerts significant global influence.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China passport is a passport issued only to permanent residents of Hong Kong who also hold Chinese citizenship. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, since the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July 1997, the passport has been issued by the Immigration Department of the Government of Hong Kong under the authorisation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. As the official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English, the passport is printed bilingually in both Chinese and English. In addition, unlike Chinese passports which can be issued by Chinese consulates abroad, the Immigration Department(Hong Kong) is the only issuing authority for HKSAR passports.
Under the Basic Law, Macau's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the central government of China. Except diplomatic relations and defence, nonetheless, Macau has retained considerable autonomy in all aspects, including economic and commercial relations, customs control.
The handover of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 20 December 1999. This event ended 442 years of Portuguese rule in the former settlement, which began in 1557.
The original member states of theWorld Trade Organization are the parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) after ratifying the Uruguay Round Agreements, and the European Communities. They obtained this status at the entry into force on 1 January 1995 or upon their date of ratification. All other members have joined the organization as a result of negotiation, and membership consists of a balance of rights and obligations. The process of becoming a World Trade Organization (WTO) member is unique to each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and the current trade regime.
The China–New Zealand relations, sometimes known as Sino–New Zealand relations, are the relations between China and New Zealand. New Zealand recognised the Republic of China after it lost the Chinese Civil War and retreated to Taiwan in 1949, but switched recognition to the People's Republic of China on 22 December 1972. Since then, economic, cultural, and political relations between the two countries have grown over the past four decades. China is New Zealand's largest trading partner in goods and second largest trading partner in services. In 2008, New Zealand became the first developed country to enter into a free trade agreement with China. In recent years, New Zealand's extensive economic relations with China have been complicated by its security ties to the United States.
New Zealand is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.
Visitors to the mainland of the People's Republic of China must obtain a visa from one of the Chinese diplomatic missions unless they are a citizen of one of the visa-exempt countries. The residents of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan with Chinese nationality can stay in Mainland indefinitely as long as their travel documents are valid.
The visa policy of Hong Kong deals with the requirements in which a foreign national wishing to enter Hong Kong through one of the 15 immigration control points must meet to obtain an entry permit or Visa, which depending on the traveller's nationality, may be required to travel to, enter, and remain in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Visitors from over 145 countries are permitted without Visa entry for periods ranging from 7 to 180 days, to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for tourism or certain business-related activities. All visitors must hold a passport valid for more than 1 month.
China–Peru relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Peru. Peru is the first Latin American country that China established formal ties with, which was done by the Qing dynasty in August 1875. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the United Nations.
The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP. Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canadas bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time. Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 different countries.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership is a free trade agreement among the Asia-Pacific nations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The 15 member countries account for about 30% of the world's population and 30% of global GDP, making it the largest trade bloc in history. Signed in November 2020, RCEP is the first free trade agreement among the largest economies in Asia, including China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea.
The British Overseas Territories maintain their own entry requirements different from the visa policy of the United Kingdom. As a general rule, British citizens do not have automatic right of abode in these territories.
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), also known as TPP11 or TPP-11, is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. It evolved from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which was never ratified due to the withdrawal of the United States. The eleven members have combined economies representing 13.4 percent of global gross domestic product, at approximately US$13.5 trillion, making the CPTPP one of the world's largest free-trade areas by GDP, along with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, the European single market, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The United Kingdom formally signed the trade agreement on 16 July 2023 and will join the agreement when it has been ratified by all parties, or after 15 months if the UK and a majority of CPTPP parties have ratified it before it takes effect.
Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements. Withdrawal ended 47 years of membership during which all its trading agreements were negotiated by the European Commission on behalf of the bloc. The UK did not actually withdraw from the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union until 31 December 2020.
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