Free trade agreements of China

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China
Countries with free trade agreements with China (bilateral, ACFTA, and RCEP) FTAs with China.svg
  China
  Countries with free trade agreements with China (bilateral, ACFTA, and RCEP)

China is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.

Contents

Active agreements

The following agreements are currently in effect, signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization. [1]

Nation(s)/Region(s)SignedEffectiveTreatyRef.
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 29 June 200329 June 2003 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement [2]
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 18 October 200318 October 2003 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement [3]
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 18 November 20051 October 2006Free Trade Agreement [4]
11 November 2017Upgraded Protocol
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 24 November 20067 July 2007 Free Trade Agreement [5]
28 April 20191 January 2020Upgraded Protocol
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 7 April 20081 October 2008Free Trade Agreement [6]
26 January 2021Upgraded Protocol
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 23 October 20081 January 2009Free Trade Agreement [7]
12 November 2018Upgraded Protocol
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 28 April 20091 March 2010 Free Trade Agreement [8]
Infobox ASEAN flag.svg  ASEAN 21 November 20071 January 2010 Free Trade Area [9]
22 November 2015Upgraded Protocol
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 29 June 201012 September 2010 Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement [10] [11]
Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 8 April 20101 August 2011 Free Trade Agreement [12]
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 15 April 20131 July 2014Free Trade Agreement [13]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 6 July 20131 July 2014Free Trade Agreement [14]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 1 June 201520 December 2015 Free Trade Agreement [15]
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 17 June 201520 December 2015 Free Trade Agreement [16]
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 13 May 20171 January 2018Free Trade Agreement [17]
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 7 December 2017Under ratificationFree Trade Agreement
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 17 October 20191 January 2021Free Trade Agreement [18]
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 12 October 20201 January 2022Free Trade Agreement
RCEP
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
15 November 20201 January 2022 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 31 August 20231 January 2024Free Trade Agreement [19]
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 11 May 2023Under ratificationFree Trade Agreement
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 17 October 20231 July 2024Free Trade Agreement [20]

Negotiations

The following agreements are currently under negotiation.

Nation(s)Treaty
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Free Trade Agreement
Flag of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf.svg  Gulf Cooperation Council Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel Free Trade Agreement
Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras Free Trade Agreement

Agreements of Hong Kong

As a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong maintains its own custom territory separate from mainland China, and signs its own agreements. The following agreements are currently in effect, signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the WTO. [1]

Nation(s)/Region(s)SignedEffectiveTreatyRef.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 29 June 200329 June 2003 Closer Economic Partnership Agreement [2]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 29 March 20101 January 2011Free Trade Agreement [21]
EFTA
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland
21 June 20111 October 2012Free Trade Agreement [22]
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 7 September 20129 October 2014Free Trade Agreement [23]
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 27 October 201727 October 2017Closer Economic Partnership Agreement [24]
Infobox ASEAN flag.svg  ASEAN 28 March 201811 June 2019Free Trade Agreement [25]
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 28 June 201813 February 2019Free Trade Agreement [26]
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 26 March 201917 January 2020Free Trade Agreement [27]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Hong Kong</span>

Under the Basic Law, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs, whilst the central government of China is responsible for its foreign affairs and defence. As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign states and regions, and plays an active role in such international organisations as World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in its own right under the name of Hong Kong, China. Hong Kong participates in 16 projects of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Singapore</span>

Singapore maintains diplomatic relations with 189 UN member states. The three exceptions are the Central African Republic, Monaco and South Sudan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</span> Economic forum of Asia–Pacific nations

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of ASEAN's series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s, APEC started in 1989, in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Singapore, APEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Asia-Pacific region, and exerts significant global influence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Asia</span>

The economy of Asia comprises about 4.7 billion people living in 50 different nations. Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. Moreover, Asia is the site of some of the world's longest modern economic booms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport</span> Passport issued to permanent residents of Hong Kong who are Chinese citizens

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport is a passport issued only to permanent residents of Hong Kong who also hold Chinese citizenship. In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, since the handover in 1997, the passport has been issued by the Immigration Department of the Government of Hong Kong under the authorisation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. As the official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English, the passport is printed bilingually in both Chinese and English. In addition, unlike Chinese passport which can be issued by Chinese diplomatic missions abroad, the Immigration Department of Hong Kong is the only issuing authority for HKSAR passports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Macau</span>

Under the Basic Law, Macau's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the central government of China. Except diplomatic relations and defence, nonetheless, Macau has retained considerable autonomy in all aspects, including economic and commercial relations, customs control.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handover of Macau</span> 1999 handover of Macau from Portugal to China

The handover of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 20 December 1999. This event ended 442 years of Portuguese rule in the former settlement, which began in 1557.

The original member states of theWorld Trade Organization are the parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) after ratifying the Uruguay Round Agreements, and the European Communities. They obtained this status at the entry into force on 1 January 1995 or upon their date of ratification. All other members have joined the organization as a result of negotiation, and membership consists of a balance of rights and obligations. The process of becoming a World Trade Organization (WTO) member is unique to each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and the current trade regime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Consular missions in Hong Kong</span> List of diplomatic missions in Hong Kong

There are 122 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 61 are consulates-general and 61 are consulates and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, some consuls-general in Hong Kong report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free trade agreements of the United States</span> Laws allowing the North American superpower to lower tariffs on goods from other countries

The United States is party to many free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free trade agreements of New Zealand</span>

New Zealand is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visa policy of mainland China</span> Policy on permits required to enter mainland China

The visa policy of mainland China deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the mainland of the People's Republic of China must meet to obtain a visa from one of the Chinese diplomatic missions, which is a permit to travel to, enter, and remain in the country. Visa exemptions are based on bilateral agreements and unilateral decisions. The residents of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan with Chinese nationality may stay in Mainland indefinitely as long as their travel documents are valid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visa policy of Hong Kong</span> Policy on permits required to enter Hong Kong

The visa policy of Hong Kong deals with the requirements in which a foreign national wishing to enter Hong Kong through one of the 15 immigration control points must meet to obtain an entry permit or Visa, which depending on the traveller's nationality, may be required to travel to, enter, and remain in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Visitors from over 145 countries are permitted without Visa entry for periods ranging from 7 to 180 days, to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for tourism or certain business-related activities. All visitors must hold a passport valid for more than 1 month.

The Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) is a Japanese led proposal for trade co-operation, free trade agreement, among the 16 present member countries of the East Asia Summit. All those movements and efforts were taken over by the following Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">China–Peru relations</span> Bilateral relations

China–Peru relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Peru. Peru is the first Latin American country that China established formal ties with, which was done by the Qing dynasty in August 1875. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free trade agreements of Canada</span> Canadas membership in multinational trade pacts

The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP. Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canada's bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time. Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</span> 2020 Asia-Pacific free trade agreement

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership is a free trade agreement among the Asia-Pacific countries of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The 15 member countries account for about 30% of the world's population and 30% of global GDP, making it the largest trade bloc in history. Signed in November 2020, RCEP is the first free trade agreement among the largest economies in Asia, including China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visa policies of British Overseas Territories</span> Policies on permits required to enter the British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories maintain their own entry requirements different from the visa policy of the United Kingdom. As a general rule, British citizens do not have automatic right of abode in these territories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</span> Multilateral free trade agreement

The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), initially abbreviated as TPP11 or TPP-11, is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. It evolved from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which was never ratified due to the withdrawal of the United States. The eleven members have combined economies representing 13.4 percent of global gross domestic product, at approximately US$13.5 trillion, making the CPTPP one of the world's largest free trade areas by GDP, along with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, the European single market, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The United Kingdom and the present members formally signed an accession protocol on 16 July 2023, and will join the agreement when it has been ratified by all parties, or after 15 months if the UK and a majority of CPTPP parties have ratified it.

References

  1. 1 2 "Regional Agreements Database (China)". World Trade Organization .
  2. 1 2 "China - Hong Kong, China". World Trade Organization .
  3. "China - Macao, China". World Trade Organization .
  4. "Chile - China". World Trade Organization .
  5. "Pakistan - China". World Trade Organization .
  6. "China - New Zealand". World Trade Organization .
  7. "China - Singapore". World Trade Organization .
  8. "China - Peru". World Trade Organization .
  9. "ASEAN - China". World Trade Organization .
  10. Hogg, Chris (29 June 2010). "Taiwan and China sign landmark trade agreement". BBC News . Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  11. "Historic Taiwan-China trade deal takes effect". BBC News . 12 September 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  12. "China - Costa Rica". World Trade Organization .
  13. "Iceland - China". World Trade Organization .
  14. "Switzerland - China". World Trade Organization .
  15. "China - Korea, Republic of". World Trade Organization .
  16. "Australia - China". World Trade Organization .
  17. "China - Georgia". World Trade Organization .
  18. "China - Mauritius". World Trade Organization .
  19. Lopez, Ismael (1 January 2024). "Free trade agreement between Nicaragua and China begins". Reuters . Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  20. "(BRF2023) China, Serbia sign free trade agreement". Xinhua News Agency . 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  21. "Hong Kong, China - New Zealand". World Trade Organization .
  22. "EFTA - Hong Kong, China". World Trade Organization .
  23. "Hong Kong, China - Chile". World Trade Organization .
  24. "Hong Kong, China - Macao, China". World Trade Organization .
  25. "ASEAN - Hong Kong, China". World Trade Organization .
  26. "Hong Kong, China - Georgia". World Trade Organization .
  27. "Hong Kong, China - Australia". World Trade Organization .