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A bilateral free trade agreement is between two sides, where each side could be a country (or other customs territory), a trade bloc or an informal group of countries, and creates a free trade area.
Note that every customs union, common market, economic union, customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union is also a free trade area, and there are several fully multilateral free trade agreements not included below.
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List of agreements between two states, two blocs or a bloc and a state.
Afghanistan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Armenia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1] [2]
ASEAN has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Australia has bilateral agreements with the following countries: [1]
Azerbaijan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Bhutan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Brunei has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
China has bilateral trade agreements with the following blocs, countries, and its two special administrative regions: [13]
Colombia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs (date it took effect): [17]
Costa Rica has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs (date it took effect):
The Eurasian Economic Union consisting of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan has following free trade agreements, see further here.
EFTA [18] has bilateral agreements with the following countries – including dependent territories – and blocs:
The European Union has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [21]
The Faroe Islands have bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Georgia has bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs: [25]
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
Hong Kong has bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs: [31]
India has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1] [32] [33] [34]
Indonesia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Israel has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [35]
Japan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Jordan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Kazakhstan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
The Kyrgyz Republic has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
Lebanon has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Laos has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Malaysia has bilateral agreements with the following countries: [51]
Marshall Islands has signed a bilateral agreement with Taiwan in 2019, this agreement has been approved in 2023 and will take effect at a future date: [53]
Maldives has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
Mexico has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Micronesia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Morocco has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
New Zealand has bilateral agreements with following countries: countries and blocs:
Pakistan has bilateral free trade agreements with:
Panama has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
Peru has bilateral agreements with the following countries:
Serbia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Singapore has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
South Korea has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [62]
Switzerland (which has a customs union with Liechtenstein, sometimes included in agreements[ citation needed ]) has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [63]
Republic of China (Taiwan) has bilateral agreements with the following countries: [64]
Tajikistan has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs: [1]
Thailand has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Tunisia has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Turkey has bilateral and multilateral agreements with:
The United Kingdom has bilateral agreements: [67] [68]
United States has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:
See also: Vietnam free trade agreements
Vietnam has bilateral free trade agreements with the following countries and blocs:
Agreements that have been negotiated and signed by the respective heads of states of each country, but not yet ratified by the country's legislative body.
Agreement | Country | Country | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Chile–Peru Free Trade Agreement | Chile | Peru | August 22, 2006 |
Chile–Honduras Free Trade Agreement | Chile | Honduras | |
Colombia–Panama Free Trade Agreement | Colombia | Panama | September 13, 2013 |
Economic Partnership Agreement | European Union | Caribbean Community | November 1, 2008 [109] |
Malaysia–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement [110] | Malaysia | New Zealand | October 26, 2009 |
Peru-Australia Free Trade Agreement | Peru | Australia | February 12, 2018 |
European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement | Vietnam | European Union | August 1, 2020 |
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List of agreements in negotiation. Agreements that are so far only discussed without any formal action by the parties involved are not listed.
The following bilateral free trade agreements are no longer active. [149]
Parties | Signed | Effective | Obsolete | Superseded by | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() ![]() | 23 January 1860 | 23 January 1860 | 1 January 1892 | — | [150] [151] |
![]() ![]() | 23 July 1862 | 23 July 1862 | 1 August 1897 | — | [152] [153] |
![]() ![]() | 6 December 1948 | 1 April 1949 | 1 January 1955 | — | [154] |
![]() ![]() | 28 June 1962 | 9 May 1962 | 31 December 1966 | — | [155] |
![]() ![]() | 31 August 1965 | 1 January 1966 | 1 January 1983 | ANZCERTA | [156] [157] |
![]() ![]() | 19 December 1965 | 1 July 1966 | 1 January 1973 | ![]() | [158] [159] |
![]() ![]() | 2 January 1988 | 1 January 1989 | 1 January 1994 | NAFTA ![]() ![]() ![]() | [160] |
![]() ![]() | 10 December 1991 | 1 April 1992 | 1 October 2021 | Revised FTA between the two parties. | [161] [162] |
![]() ![]() | 30 September 1992 | 25 March 1993 | 17 October 2012 | ![]() | [163] |
![]() ![]() | 8 October 1992 | 24 April 1993 | 13 December 2013 | ![]() | [164] |
![]() ![]() | 29 October 2001 | 1 March 2002 | 1 July 2013 | ![]() | [165] |
![]() ![]() | 21 June 2001 | 1 April 2002 | 24 November 2013 | ![]() | [166] [167] |
![]() ![]() | 13 March 2002 | 1 July 2003 | 1 July 2013 | ![]() | [168] [169] |
![]() ![]() | 13 November 2003 | 1 June 2001 | 1 January 2007 | — | [170] |
![]() ![]() | 14 June 2004 | 1 July 2004 | 1 May 2007 | — | [171] |
![]() ![]() | 23 December 2003 | 1 July 2004 | 1 January 2007 | — | [172] |
![]() ![]() | 13 November 2003 | 1 September 2004 | 1 May 2007 | — | [173] |
![]() ![]() | 13 November 2003 | 1 September 2004 | 1 May 2007 | — | [174] |
![]() ![]() | 22 December 2004 | 1 December 2009 | 22 November 2018 | — | [175] [176] [177] |
![]() ![]() | 16 June 2006 | 1 January 2008 | 1 July 2022 | — | [178] [179] |
![]() ![]() | 18 October 2019 | 1 January 2021 | 28 June 2021 | Andean Countries![]() | [180] [181] |
For an interactive list of bilateral and multilateral free trade instruments see the TREND-Analytics website. [182]
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The organization operates in parallel with the European Union (EU), and all four member states participate in the European Single Market and are part of the Schengen Area. They are not, however, party to the European Union Customs Union.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is an inter-governmental forum for 21 member economies in the Pacific Rim that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Following the success of ASEAN's series of post-ministerial conferences launched in the mid-1980s, APEC started in 1989, in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world; it aimed to establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe. Headquartered in Singapore, APEC is recognized as one of the highest-level multilateral blocs and oldest forums in the Asia-Pacific region, and exerts significant global influence.
A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU), its Member States and a non-EU country that creates a framework for co-operation between them. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links.
At present, there are six multi-lateral free trade areas in Europe, and one former free trade area in recent history. Note that there are also a number of bilateral free trade agreements between states and between trade blocks; and that some states participate in more than one free trade area.
The European Union-Mediterranean Free Trade Area, also called the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area or Euromed FTA, is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The Barcelona Process, developed after the Barcelona Conference in successive annual meetings, is a set of goals designed to lead to a free trade area in the Mediterranean Region and the Middle East by 2010.
The United States is party to many free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.
New Zealand is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.
The Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) is a Japanese led proposal for trade co-operation, free trade agreement, among the 16 present member countries of the East Asia Summit. All those movements and efforts were taken over by the following Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
A commercial policy is a government's policy governing international trade. Commercial policy is an all encompassing term that is used to cover topics which involve international trade. Trade policy is often described in terms of a scale between the extremes of free trade on one side and protectionism on the other. A common commercial policy can sometimes be agreed by treaty within a customs union, as with the European Union's common commercial policy and in Mercosur. A nation's commercial policy will include and take into account the policies adopted by that nation's government while negotiating international trade. There are several factors that can affect a nation's commercial policy, all of which can affect international trade policies.
The European Union has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs) and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others. The European Union negotiates free trade deals on behalf of all of its member states, as the member states have granted the EU has an "exclusive competence" to conclude trade agreements. Even so, member states' governments control every step of the process :
The free trade agreements of Canada represents Canada's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and plays a large role in the Canadian economy. Canada is regularly described as a trading nation, considering its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP. Of that total trade, roughly 75% is done with countries that are part of free trade agreements with Canada—primarily the United States through the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA), and its predecessor the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). By the end of 2014, Canadas bilateral trade hit Can$1 trillion for the first time. Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 different countries.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership is a free trade agreement among the Asia-Pacific countries of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The 15 member countries account for about 30% of the world's population and 30% of global GDP, making it the largest trade bloc in history. Signed in November 2020, RCEP is the first free trade agreement among the largest economies in Asia, including China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea.
The future enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is theoretically open to any of the post-Soviet states and potentially any country of Europe or Asia. In order to accede, a state must fulfill certain economic and political requirements. Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is also subject to the consent of all existing members and the candidate's adoption of existing EEU laws and implementing previous decisions made by the Eurasian Economic Commission. The present agenda of the enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union is primarily focused on Tajikistan. Meanwhile, Moldova was granted Observer Status in April 2017, followed by Uzbekistan and Cuba in December 2020. The process of enlargement is referred to as Eurasian integration or Eurasianism. This term is also used to refer to the intensification of economic cooperation between Eurasian Economic Union member states.
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), initially abbreviated as TPP11 or TPP-11, is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. It evolved from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which was never ratified due to the withdrawal of the United States. The eleven members have combined economies representing 13.4 percent of global gross domestic product, at approximately US$13.5 trillion, making the CPTPP one of the world's largest free trade areas by GDP, along with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, the European single market, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The United Kingdom and the present members formally signed an accession protocol on 16 July 2023, and will join the agreement when it has been ratified by all parties, or after 15 months if the UK and a majority of CPTPP parties have ratified it.
Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements. Withdrawal ended 47 years of membership during which all its trading agreements were negotiated by the European Commission on behalf of the bloc. The UK did not actually withdraw from the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union until 31 December 2020.
The free trade agreements of Israel represent Israel's cooperation in multinational trade pacts and participation in the global economy. Israel's first free trade agreement was signed in 1985 with the United States of America. Since then, Israel has signed 16 free trade agreements with 48 countries and economic blocks such as the European Union, the European Free Trade Association and Mercosur.
India is party to free trade agreements (FTAs) and other trade agreements with many countries and trade blocs, and is negotiating with many others. As of 2022, India has preferential access, economic cooperation and FTA with more than 50 individual countries.
Vietnam, although a relatively young and small nation, has successfully established trade relations with dozens of countries worldwide. This is especially evident in the number of free trade agreements (FTAs) that the country has signed and is participating in. Being part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), economic opportunities for Vietnam expands beyond bilateral trade agreements, with specific countries in order to include multilateral trade agreements via the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).
China is party to several free trade agreements (FTAs) worldwide.