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An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time.[1] An import embargo or import ban is essentially a zero-level import quota.[2][3] Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are typically used to benefit the producers of a good in that economy (protectionism).
On April 20, 2026, the United States government launched a new automated refund system to allow thousands of companies to file claims for recovering billions in "illegally collected" tariffs. The system went live at 8:00 AM ET, though users reported initial technical glitches during high traffic.[4]</ref>
Enforcement
Import quotas are usually implemented by awarding licenses to companies or individuals according to a specific catalogue of criteria, either free of charge, for a fee, or in the form of an auction.[5] Importers without licences are not allowed to import at all,[2] or in certain cases, can import only for a very high tariff premium.[6] In the case of a quantity quota, imports are restricted directly for importers based on the imports of the previous year, for example by setting weights, quantities and dimensions, etc.
Quota share
The quota share is a specified number or percentage of the allotment as a whole quota, that is prescribed to each individual entity.
For example, the United States imposes an import quota on cars from Japan. The Japanese government may see fit to impose a quota share program to determine the number of cars each Japanese car manufacturer may export to the United States. Any extra number that a manufacturer wishes to export must be negotiated with another manufacturer that did not or cannot maximize its share of the quota.
12Grant, Warren R.; Williams, Gary W. (November 1, 1990). Trade Distorting Policies in the World Rice Market: Some Factors for Consideration in Trade Negotiations (Report). College Station, Texas: Texas Agricultural Market Research Center. p.3.
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