Garden Mountain Cluster

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Garden Mountain Cluster
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Aerial view of Garden Mountain where it encircles Burke's Garden
USA Virginia relief location map.svg
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Location of Garden Mountain Cluster in Virginia
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Garden Mountain Cluster (the United States)
Location Bland, Tazewell,
Smyth Counties
Virginia, United States
Nearest town Tazewell, Virginia
Coordinates 37°6′27″N81°20′28″W / 37.10750°N 81.34111°W / 37.10750; -81.34111
AdministratorU.S. Forest Service

The Garden Mountain Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats extending along the east, south and west of Burke's Garden. The cluster, part of the Appalachian Mountains in southwest Virginia, connects wildlands in the high country of Garden Mountain and adjacent streams and ridges in one of the most remote areas of Virginia. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

The Garden Mountain Cluster contains seven wildlands with different degrees of protection: wilderness areas, a study area and two areas recognized by the Wilderness Society as "Mountain Treasures", areas that are worthy of protection from logging and road construction. [1]

The areas in the cluster are:

Location and access

Panorama of Burkes Garden - panoramio.jpg
Panorama view of Burke's Garden

The cluster extends around the western, southern and eastern sides of Burke's Garden. VA 16, on the southern side, and VA 42, on the eastern side, intersect with roads leading into the cluster. Access from Burke's Garden is somewhat restricted because of the steep rise of the slopes around the bowl forming the garden.

The Appalachian Trail passes through the full length of the cluster for 26.6 miles. From north to south, the trail crosses Va 615, Suiter Road, to enter the cluster at Hunting Camp Creek Wilderness. The trail climbs Brushy Mountain, then descends to cross Hunting Camp Creek, passes by Jenkins Shelter, climbs Garden Mountain, continues along the ridge of Garden Mountain with views of Burke's Garden, passes by Davis Farm Campsite, and crosses Va 623. The trail then enters Garden Mountain Wilderness continuing along the ridge of Garden Mountain. After leaving Garden Mountain Wilderness, the trail passes by Chestnut Ridge Shelter, goes along the boundary of Beartown Wilderness then turns south, descends through Beartown Wilderness Addition B, crosses USFS road 222, Poor Valley Road, to reach Lick Creek. Now the trail enters Lynn Camp Creek Wilderness Study Area, crosses over Lynn Camp Mountain reaching Lynn Camp Creek, then ascends Brushy Mountain passing Knot Maul Branch Shelter before descending to VA 42 to exit the cluster at the boundary of the wilderness study area. [3]

Roads and trails in the cluster are shown on National Geographic Map 787 (Blacksburg, New River Valley). [4] A great variety of information, including topographic maps, aerial views, satellite data and weather information, is obtained by selecting the link with the wild land's coordinates in the upper right of this page.

Biological significance

Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis.jpg
Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

The land form, climate, soils and geology of the Appalachian highlands, as well as its evolutionary history, have created one of the most diverse collection of plants and animals in the deciduous forests of the temperate world. The cluster's large tract of land supports species, such as black bear and some bird species, that require extensive tracts of unbroken forest for survival. [5]

The cluster provides habitat and watershed for species that are critically imperiled (G1), imperiled (G2) or vulnerable (G3), as indicated by their NatureServe conservation status. The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program gives a list of these species for the counties included in the cluster, Bland, Smyth and Wythe. Among these are: [6] [7]

Animals

Mammals:

Amphibians:

Fish:

Annelida (segmented worms):

Arachnida (spiders and pseudoscorpions):

Bivalvia (mussels):

Crustacea (amphipods, isopods and decapods):

Gastropoda (snails):

Turbellaria (flatworms):

Coleoptera (beetles):

Diplopoda (millipedes):

Diplura (diplurans):

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths):

Mecoptera (scorpionflies):

Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies):

Plecoptera (stoneflies):

Plants

Non-vascular plants:

Vascular plants:

Natural communities

Plant communities include:

Geologic history

The cluster is in the Ridge and Valley Province that extends along the western boundary of Virginia. The Ridge and Valley Province is composed of long, relatively level-crested, ridges with highest elevations reaching over 3,600 feet (1,100 m). The province marks the eastern boundary in the Paleozoic era of an older land surface on the east. It was uplifted and eroded during the Paleozoic with extensive folding and thrust-faulting. Resistant quartzite, conglomerates and sandstones form the ridge caps while less resistant shales and limestones eroded to form the intervening valleys. [5] [122] : 60  The province is part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Garden Mountain extends from Abingdon to the New River, where the ridge of Garden Mountain continues across the river but is now named Sinking Creek Mountain. [123] The mountain completely surrounds Burkes Garden, an unusual geologic formation. From above Burke's Garden looks like the remnant of a volcano or a large lake. It is about 10 miles long and 5 miles wide (16 × 8 km). Called the Great Swamp by Native Americans, it was probably too wet for crops. There are several proposals about its creation. One claims the valley was a lake drained by a creek, Burke's Garden Creek, flowing through the gap on the western edge. Another claims it was a 6,500-foot (2,000 m) dome formed by a sandstone cap. Eroded by water, the cap cracked forming a flat valley below. [124]

The Tennessee Valley Divide passes through the cluster along the southern rim of Burke's Garden, dividing the drainage for the Tennessee River and the New River. Roaring Fork, Lick Creek and Lynn Camp Creek, on the southwest, flow into the North Holston River which then flows into the Tennessee. Hunting Camp Creek, on the northeast, is part of the New River drainage. Both the New River and Tennessee River flow into the Ohio River. [4] [125]

Cultural history

Burke's Garden Burkes Garden, VA - God's Land - panoramio.jpg
Burke's Garden
Tazewell, Virginia Tazewell, Virginia (8127447726).jpg
Tazewell, Virginia

According to legend, Burke's Garden was discovered in about 1748 by James Burk while chasing a wounded elk. After eating some potatoes, he covered the peelings with dirt in order to hide his presence from Indians. Later explorers, finding a large patch of potatoes that had sprouted from the peelings, named the place as "Burk's Garden". The "e" on the end of the name was added at a later time. The area was settled by German Lutherans who were so attached to the area that they refused to sell their land to George Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt, looking for a place to build a home, moved to North Carolina where he built the largest private home in America, the Biltmore Estate. [124]

Tazewell, the largest town near the cluster and the seat of Tazewell County, has served as the financial center for the agricultural and coal mining interests in the region. Evidence of prosperity is given by the large homes built on several hills. The town was incorporated in 1866. The county was named for Henry Tazewell, who served from 1794 to 1799 as a United States senator. [126]

Other clusters

Other clusters of the Wilderness Society's "Mountain Treasures" in the Jefferson National Forest (north to south):

Animals

Plants

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Washington and Jefferson National Forests</span> Pair of National Forests in the United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests</span> Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Appalachian–Blue Ridge forests</span> Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of the United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascades (conservation area)</span> Conservation area in Virginia, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garden Mountain Wilderness</span> Protected area in Virginia, US

Garden Mountain Wilderness is a U.S. wilderness area in the Eastern Divide Ranger District of the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. It is a small wilderness area in western Virginia, consisting of an area of 3,331 acres (13.48 km2) and bordering the Beartown and Hunting Camp Creek Wilderness. It was designated as wilderness area in 2009 by Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009. The wilderness area also borders a portion of the Appalachian Trail.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Creek (conservation area)</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clinch Ranger District Cluster</span> Protected natural area in Virginia, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Craig Creek Cluster</span> Protected natural area in Virginia, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinking Creek Valley Cluster</span> Protected natural area in Virginia, United States

The Sinking Creek Valley Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its unique recreational and scenic values as well as the importance of its watershed protection for Johns Creek and Craig Creek. Sinking Creek Valley is one of the most scenic valleys in Virginia.

Mill Creek, a wildland in the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of western Virginia, has been recognized by the Wilderness Society as a special place worthy of protection from logging and road construction. The Wilderness Society has designated the area as a "Mountain Treasure".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angels Rest Cluster</span> Protected natural area in Virginia, United States

The Angels Rest Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats with steep mountains, an isolated valley, a waterfall and wetlands. It is named after a high point on Pearis Mountain with views of the New River and surrounding area. It contains two large wild areas connected by the Appalachian Trail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walker Mountain Cluster</span> Protected natural area in Virginia, United States

The Walker Mountain Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats extending along Walker Mountain. The mountain, part of the Appalachian Mountains in southwest Virginia, borders the western side of the Great Valley of Virginia. Interstate 81 traverses the Great Valley as it takes travelers between Tennessee and West Virginia.

The Kimberling Creek Cluster is a region in the Jefferson National Forest recognized by The Wilderness Society for its diversity of habitats extending along parts of Brushy and Hogback Mountains. Kimberling Creek, with headwaters in the cluster, flows into Big Walker Creek, a tributary of the New River.

References

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  102. ↑ "Danthonia compressa - (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata) Grassland". NatureServe Explorer.
  103. ↑ "Menziesia pilosa - Vaccinium (erythrocarpum, simulatum, corymbosum) - Sorbus americana Shrubland". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  104. ↑ "Northern Hardwood Forests". Virginia Department of Conservation nd Recreation. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  105. ↑ "Betula alleghaniensis - Fagus grandifolia / Viburnum lantanoides / Eurybia chlorolepis - Dryopteris intermedia Forest". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  106. ↑ "High-Elevation Cove Forests". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  107. ↑ "Aesculus flava - Betula alleghaniensis - Acer saccharum / Caulophyllum thalictroides - Actaea podocarpa Forest". NatureServe Explorer.
  108. ↑ "Rich Cove Forests". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  109. ↑ "Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum - (Tilia americana var. heterophylla) / Hydrophyllum canadense - Solidago flexicaulis Forest". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  110. ↑ "Tilia americana var. heterophylla - Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum / Cystopteris bulbifera - Asarum canadense Forest". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  111. ↑ "Montane Mixed Oak and Oak - Hickory Forests". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  112. ↑ "Quercus rubra - Quercus montana - Magnolia (acuminata, fraseri) / Acer pensylvanicum Forest". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  113. ↑ "Quercus montana - Quercus rubra - Carya ovalis / Carex pensylvanica - (Calamagrostis porteri) Forest". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  114. ↑ "Mountain / Piedmont Acidic Woodlands". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  115. ↑ "Quercus montana - Pinus virginiana - (Pinus pungens) / Schizachyrium scoparium - Dichanthelium depauperatum Woodland". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  116. ↑ "Pinus rigida - Quercus montana / Gaylussacia baccata / Carex pensylvanica Woodland". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  117. ↑ "Mountain / Piedmont Cliffs". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  118. ↑ "(Hydrangea arborescens) / Heuchera villosa - Asplenium trichomanes - Thalictrum clavatum / Conocephalum salebrosum Cliff Shrubland". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  119. ↑ "Montane Woodland Seeps". Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  120. ↑ "Diphylleia cymosa - Saxifraga micranthidifolia - Laportea canadensis Forested Herbaceous Seep". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  121. ↑ "Bolboschoenus robustus - Juncus gerardii - Hordeum jubatum - Atriplex patula Saline Marsh". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  122. ↑ Chew, Collins (1988). Underfoot: A Geologic Guide to the Appalachian Trail. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Appalachian Trail Conference. ISBN   0-917953-25-8.
  123. ↑ Winegar, Deane and Garvey (1998). Highroad Guide to the Virginia Mountains. Marietta, Georgia: Longstreet Press, Inc. p.  102. ISBN   1-56352-462-7.
  124. 1 2 Tennis, Joe (2004). Southwest Virginia Crossroads. Johnson City, Tennessee: Overmountain Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN   1570722560.
  125. ↑ "Virginia's Rivers". Geology of Virginia. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  126. ↑ Virginia Writers Project (1940). Virginia, A Guide to the Old Dominion. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 435.

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