Ginbuna | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Cypriniformes |
Family: | Cyprinidae |
Subfamily: | Cyprininae |
Genus: | Carassius |
Species: | C. langsdorfii |
Binomial name | |
Carassius langsdorfii | |
Synonyms | |
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The ginbuna (Carassius langsdorfii), sometimes referred to as silver crucian carp or Japanese silver crucian carp, is a species of freshwater fish in the carp family (family Cyprinidae). [1] [2] It is native to lakes and rivers in Japan. [3]
Ginbuna is a deep- and thick-bodied fish with a terminal mouth and a large caudal fin. It possesses 5 anal fin rays, 41–57 gill rakers, and has 28–31 large lateral line scales. [1] It reaches a maximum length of 39 centimetres (15 in). [2]
This species is parasitized by myxozoan cnidarians of the genus Myxobolus , which infest their gills. [4]
The ginbuna can be difficult to distinguish from the common goldfish (Carassius auratus), to which it is closely related. [1] In fact, it has often been treated as a subspecies of goldfish. However, current genetic data suggests that the ginbuna is a distinct species. [5] The ginbuna commonly hybridizes with other species in its genus where they come into contact, as well as with the closely related common carp. [6]
It is believed that the ginbuna originated as a hybrid of two different species, although the parent species are unknown. [7]
The ginbuna is native to Japan, where it is widespread, [5] but has been introduced to many other parts of the world. In Europe it has been confirmed in the Elbe River system in the Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, Ukraine, Italy, and the Neretva basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [8] [9] Haplotype data indicates that European ginbuna derive from populations in either Honshu Island or the Ryukyu Islands, suggesting multiple introduction events. [9] Additionally, a 2018 study using mtDNA discovered the fish in Lake Tahoe, California and in a pond on the campus of the University of British Columbia, the first time this species has been found in North America. [6] Also in 2020, this species was reported for the first time in Iran after several specimens were collected from Siah Palas stream in Lar National Park. This is also the first record of this species from the Asian mainland. [10] These introductions may have been a result of ginbuna being unintentionally included with imports of goldfish or koi carp. [8]
It is a demersal species, [2] favoring confluences of tributaries and still downstream waters of rivers, as well as marshes. [11] Muddy substrates are preferred. [12]
Ginbuna are omnivorous. They eat benthic organisms, algae, zooplankton, and will opportunistically consume other items. [11]
Unusually among vertebrates, the ginbuna species has two different reproductive modes. The diploid form practices the usual sexual reproduction. However, the triploid and rare tetraploid forms practice a type of asexual reproduction known as gynogenesis, in which the sperm contributes no genetic material, but its presence is required for egg development. [3] [13]
The clonal nature of polyploid ginbuna makes them an ideal model fish for studying diseases of other cyprinid species. [14] This usefulness derives from the absence of genetic variance within the clone. [13]
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos.
Koi, or more specifically nishikigoi, are colored varieties of carp that are kept for decorative purposes in outdoor koi ponds or water gardens.
The term carp is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized quarries and are valued as both food and ornamental fish in many parts of the Old World, they are considered trash fish and invasive pests in many parts of Africa, Australia and most of the United States.
The Eurasian carp or European carp, widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The native wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but the species has also been domesticated and introduced into environments worldwide, and is often considered a destructive invasive species, being included in the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family, Cyprinidae.
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The goldfish is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have become an invasive pest in parts of North America and Australia.
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