Gonocarpus micranthus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Saxifragales |
Family: | Haloragaceae |
Genus: | Gonocarpus |
Species: | G. micranthus |
Binomial name | |
Gonocarpus micranthus | |
Subspecies | |
G. micranthus subsp. micranthus G. micranthus subsp. ramosissimus Contents | |
Synonyms | |
Haloragis micrantha(Thunb.) R.Br. ex Sieb. & Zucc. [1] |
Gonocarpus micranthus commonly called creeping raspwort is a prostrate, ascending or erect perennial herb in the family Haloragaceae. [2] [3] It is native to Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, South-east Asia, Japan and the Himalaya. [4]
Gonocarpus micranthus is a prostrate, ascending or erect much branched herb 5-60cm tall. [2] Stems root at the nodes, are smooth, glabrous or rarely with few scattered hairs, or sparsely scabrous. [2] The leaves are opposite and decussate, orbicular to ovate in shape, rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous, very variable in size, 3–15mm long, 3-11mm wide, and the margins are thickened with 8-20 small crenate teeth. [4] [5] [6] The petiole is very short, 0.6-2mm in length. [4] Bracts are alternate, lanceolate, 0.5-1mm long, entire, and deciduous. [4] Bracteoles are orbicular, 0.1-0.2mm long, entire or minutely serrate, brown and deciduous. [4] The inflorescence is typically unbranched or branched only to the second order. [2] Flowers are pendent on a short pedicel 0.1-0.3mm long, with reddish petals 0.8-1.5mm long. [2] The fruit is obovoid, up to 1mm long, smooth with 8 ribs and reddish to grey in colour. [4]
Two subspecies differing in their structure and distribution are recognised.
Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. micranthus is prostrate to ascending, usually less than 20cm high. Its inflorescences are narrow and unbranched or branching to the second order and ascending. The leaves are predominantly less than 8mm. This subspecies is widespread across its distribution. [2]
Gonocarpus micranthus subsp. ramosissimus is erect, between 25-60cm in height. Its inflorescences are diffuse, spreading to the third or fourth order with the final inflorescence branches almost horizontal. The leaves are mostly longer than 8mm. This subspecies is more restricted in its distribution. [2]
Gonocarpus micranthus occurs across Australia from the Fleurieu Peninsula in S.A. through Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales and Queensland. It is also found in New Zealand, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, Japan and the Himalayas. [4] The subspecies ramosissimus is restricted to coastal regions of east coast states of Australia [4] with a number of specimens also identified in Southwest Western Australia. [7]
It is restricted from alpine to subalpine in the northern part of its range, descending to sea level in more southern regions. [4] Occurs in heath and wet swampy areas extending into open eucalypt forest on damp sandy soils. [5] In Tasmania it grows on wet peat soils from sea level to the alpine. [6]
Gonocarpus is derived from the Greek ‘gonia’ meaning angle or corner, and ‘carpos’ meaning fruit. This alludes to the ribbed nature of the fruit. [8]
G micranthus is also derived from Greek ‘micros’ meaning small and ‘anthos’ meaning flower, referring to the tiny flowers. [8]
The common name raspwort refers to the rough texture and wort derived from old English ‘wyrt’ meaning plant or herb. [8]
Haloragaceae is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.
Eucalyptus baueriana, commonly known as blue box or round-leaved box, is a tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped adult leaves, oval to diamond-shaped flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and conical fruit.
Haloragis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Haloragaceae. Some species are known commonly as seaberry and most are native to the southern hemisphere. They are annual or perennial herbs to small shrubs, and many are terrestrial wetland plants.
Olearia phlogopappa commonly known as the dusty daisy-bush or alpine daisy-bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae that is commonly found in eastern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. It is a small shrub with greyish-green foliage, daisy-like flowers in white, pink or mauve that can be seen from spring to late summer.
Hakea decurrens, commonly known as bushy needlewood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae.
Eucryphia milliganii, also known as the dwarf leatherwood, is a shrub or small tree endemic to areas of Tasmania. It grows in western and southern Tasmania, where it is most commonly found in alpine and sub-alpine heath areas. It is the sister species of the popular horticulture plant Eucryphia lucida also known as Leatherwood..
Eucalyptus spathulata, commonly known as swamp mallet, narrow leaved gimlet or swamp gimlet, is a species of mallet that is endemic to Western Australia. It has a dense crown, smooth, satin-like bark, glossy green, linear leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.
Suaeda aegyptiaca is a species of succulent plant in the family Amaranthaceae, and salt-tolerant (halophyte) plant that is distributed in eastern North Africa, the Near East and West Asia.
Gonocarpus tetragynus is an Australian herb in the watermilfoil family Haloragaceae native to eastern Australia. Common names include common raspwort. A widespread species particularly found in dry eucalyptus forests, scrubland, and heathland.
Gonocarpus montanus is a perennial, terrestrial herb in the family Haloragacae. It is native to N.S.W, Victoria, Tasmania and New Zealand. Common names include mountain raspwort and mat raspwort. Its synonym is Haloragis montana.
Gonocarpus chinensis is an accepted Australian shrub in the watermilfoil family Haloragaceae (watermilfoil) native to eastern Australia, South China, Caroline islands and North Australia. It was introduced to the Hawaiian islands, United States and California, United States. G. chinensis is considered not to be a economically impotent genus but can be used for medicine and gardening as ornamental plants. This species lives in wet tropical regions, grasslands, riverbanks and in waste lands in elevations at 100 to 800 meters but at 1800 meters in Southwest China.
Astelia alpina called pineapple grass, silver astelia, or perching lily is a commonly found species in alpine and subalpine areas of Tasmania and the Australian Alps. It is a perennial herb that typically dominates its environment by growing in dense clusters, called mats, in alpine bogs. There are two subspecies: Astelia alpina var. novae hollandiae from New South Wales and Victoria and Astelia alpina var. alpina endemic to Tasmania. Both subspecies appear very similar to each other. The species was originally described by Robert Brown.
Lomandra multiflora, also commonly known as many-flowered mat rush, mat rush and many flowered mat-lily, is a perennial, rhizomatous herb found in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The mat rush is distributed widely in the region and common within its preferred growing conditions. Its conservation status is considered not to be of concern and risk.
Lobelia anceps, commonly known as angled lobelia, is a small herbaceous plant in the family Campanulaceae it grows in several states of Australia, New Zealand, South America and South Africa. It is a small, perennial herb with blue to purple flowers.
Gonocarpus teucrioides, or forest raspwort is a common flowering herb or subshrub in the Haloragaceae, or watermilfoil family. It is native to Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania and is widespread and abundant in the understorey of wet forests. The name raspwort refers to the rough, scabrous surface of many of the Gonocarpus species.
Hymenophyllum peltatum, is a species of filmy fern widely distributed across Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, South America. Predominantly a rainforest species with delicate foliage arrangements, also known as the 'alpine filmy-fern'. Members of the Hymenophyllaceae family display almost translucent fronds, bearing thickness of just a single cell.
Pomaderris pilifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub with hairy branchlets, egg-shaped leaves, and large panicles of lemon-yellow flowers.
Myosotis lyalliisubsp. elderi is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis elderi in 1961, and Heidi Meudt and Jessie Prebble treated it as a subspecies of M. lyallii in 2018. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas with partially exserted anthers.
Leptecophylla oxycedrus, commonly referred to as coastal pinkberry or crimson berry, is a medium shrub to large tree native to Tasmania and southern Victoria. It is part of the family Ericaceae and has narrow, pointed leaves, white flowers and pale pink fruits. It was previously classified as a subspecies of Leptecophylla juniperina but has since been raised to the specific level in 2017. The species was originally described in 1805 by Jacques Labillardière in Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen which was published after his voyage through Oceania.
Gonocarpus humilis, commonly known as shade raspwort, is a small herb in the genus Gonocarpus of the family Haloragaceae. Shade raspwort is common along the eastern coast of Australia, and grows in moist and shaded locations. The leaves have a rough and scabrous surface, giving the plant the common name raspwort.
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