Gretsch

Last updated

Gretsch
Type Private
Industry Musical instruments
Founded1883;140 years ago (1883) in Brooklyn, New York City
FounderFriedrich Gretsch
Headquarters,
Key people
List
    • Friedrich Gretsch (founder, d. 1885) [1]
    • Fred Gretsch Sr. (Friedrich's successor) [1]
    • Fred Gretsch Jr. [1]
    • William Walter "Bill" Gretsch (former President) [1]
    • Fred W. Gretsch (President) [1]
Products
Divisions
Website Gretsch.com

Gretsch is an American company that manufactures and markets musical instruments. The company was founded in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York by Friedrich Gretsch, a 27-year-old German immigrant, shortly after his arrival to the United States. Friedrich Gretsch manufactured banjos, tambourines, and drums until his death in 1895. In 1916, his son, Fred Gretsch Sr. moved operations to a larger facility where Gretsch went on to become a prominent manufacturer of American musical instruments. Through the years, Gretsch has manufactured a wide range of instruments, though they currently focus on electric, acoustic and resonator guitars, basses, ukuleles, [2] and drums. [3]

Contents

Gretsch instruments enjoyed market prominence by the 1950s. In 1954, Gretsch began a collaboration with guitarist Chet Atkins to manufacture a line of electric guitars with Atkins' endorsement, resulting in the Gretsch 6120 hollowbody guitar and other later models such as the Country Gentleman. Electric guitars before 1957 used single coil pickups that have significant hum problems as an inherent part of their design. Frustration with the hum of these pickups prompted Atkins to collaborate with American inventor and engineer Ray Butts on the development of a new "humbucking" pickup by connecting two single-coil pickups serially and out of phase. This resulted in what may have been the first humbucker pickup (a claim lost to Gibson Guitars because Gibson was able to file a patent for their humbucker design first). Butts' design became the Gretsch Filter'Tron and was used on Gretsch guitars beginning in 1957, and is highly regarded for its unique sound properties. The popularity of Gretsch guitars soared in the mid-1960s because of its association with Beatles guitarist George Harrison, who played Gretsch guitars beginning in the band's early years.

In 2002, Gretsch entered a business agreement with Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Under the terms of the agreement Fred W. Gretsch retains ownership while Fender has the exclusive rights to develop, produce, market and distribute Gretsch guitars worldwide. [4]

History

Beginnings

A G6122-1962 Chet Atkins Country Gentleman model. Gretsch G6122-1958.jpg
A G6122-1962 Chet Atkins Country Gentleman model.

Gretsch was founded in 1883 by Friedrich Gretsch, a young German immigrant who opened his own musical instrument shop on 128 Middleton Street in Brooklyn, New York that year. [5] His shop was designed for the manufacture of tambourines and drums. [6] The operation moved to South 4th Street in 1894. In 1895, Gretsch died at the age of 39 and the company was taken over by his wife and fifteen-year-old son Fred. [7]

Fred Gretsch expanded the business, adding Gretsch Building #1 at 109 South 5th Street in 1903, Gretsch Building #2 at 104-114 South 4th Street in 1910, and a new ten-story Gretsch Building #4 at 60 Broadway in 1916. [8] The company ultimately owned or operated six properties in the immediate area, including a warehouse on Dunham Place. Gretsch Building #4 was owned by the Gretsch family until 1999. Guitar production by the Gretsch Company began in the early 1930s, and Gretsch guitars became highly sought after, most notably in the 1950s and 1960s.

1950s, 1960s, 1970s

1955 Chet Atkins 6120. Gretsch 6120 G- Brand 1955 vintage.jpg
1955 Chet Atkins 6120.
Bono playing a Gretsch Irish Falcon. Bono-guitar-U2 360 Tour.JPG
Bono playing a Gretsch Irish Falcon.
Former Monkees guitarist Michael Nesmith plays his signature model Gretsch Model 6076 NesmithLive2018.jpg
Former Monkees guitarist Michael Nesmith plays his signature model Gretsch Model 6076

Fred Gretsch Sr. handed over the family business to his son, Fred Gretsch Jr., after retiring in 1942. Soon after taking over, Fred Jr. left to serve in WWII as a Navy commander, leaving the business in the hands of his younger brother, William Walter "Bill" Gretsch. Bill Gretsch died in 1948 and the company was again run by Fred Jr. [9] [10]

By the mid-1950s the company introduced several models, including the 6120 "Nashville," and the Duo Jet chambered "solid body", which was played by Bo Diddley. [11] Two other models were introduced - the Country Club, and the White Falcon. [12] [13]

During this time, Chet Atkins became an endorser of Gretsch and they sold guitars with Atkins' name on the pickguard. [14]

Sale to Baldwin, Gretsch family regains interest

Fred Gretsch never found a suitable successor, and in 1967 Gretsch was sold to Baldwin Pianos, [15] becoming a subsidiary of that firm. Mid-1969, Baldwin moved Gretsch instrument manufacturing operations from Brooklyn to a plant in DeQueen, Arkansas. [5]

In 1983, Baldwin's holding company and several of its subsidiaries were forced into bankruptcy. At the time it was the largest bankruptcy ever, with a total debt of over $9 billion. [16] In 1984, former Baldwin CEO Richard Harrison bought the Baldwin music divisions and brought back former Gretsch employee, Duke Kramer, to run the Gretsch division. [17] [18]

In 1985, the Gretsch company once again came under the leadership of the Gretsch family when Fred W. Gretsch, great-grandson of Friedrich and nephew of Fred Gretsch Jr, assumed presidency of the company. [18] [19] The first Gretsch guitars after Fred W Gretsch became president were released in 1988. They were a series of Traveling Wilburys commemorative guitars, which bore little resemblance to prior Gretsch models. In 1989, Gretsch restarted large-scale production of new guitars based on classic Gretsch models. [20] [17]

Fender control

In late 2002, Gretsch and the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation reached an agreement giving Fender control over marketing, production, and distribution of guitars, with the Gretsch family retaining ownership of the company. [21]

Guitars

Models

Drums

See also

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electric guitar</span> Electrical string musical instrument

An electric guitar is a guitar that requires external amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard acoustic guitar. It uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals, which ultimately are reproduced as sound by loudspeakers. The sound is sometimes shaped or electronically altered to achieve different timbres or tonal qualities from that of an acoustic guitar via amplifier settings or knobs on the guitar. Often, this is done through the use of effects such as reverb, distortion and "overdrive"; the latter is considered to be a key element of electric blues guitar music and jazz, rock and heavy- metal guitar playing. Designs also exist combining attributes of the electric and acoustic guitars: the semi-acoustic and acoustic-electric guitars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fender Stratocaster</span> Solid body electric guitar

The Fender Stratocaster, colloquially known as the Strat, is a model of electric guitar designed between 1952 and 1954 by Leo Fender, Bill Carson, George Fullerton, and Freddie Tavares. The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation has continuously manufactured the Stratocaster since 1954. It is a double-cutaway guitar, with an extended top "horn" shape for balance. Along with the Gibson Les Paul, Gibson SG, and Fender Telecaster, it is one of the most-often emulated electric guitar shapes. "Stratocaster" and "Strat" are trademark terms belonging to Fender. Guitars that duplicate the Stratocaster by other manufacturers are sometimes called S-Type or ST-type guitars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fender (company)</span> American musical instrument manufacturer

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semi-acoustic guitar</span> Type of electric guitar

A semi-acoustic guitar, also known as a hollow-body electric guitar, is a type of electric guitar designed to be played with a guitar amplifier featuring a fully or partly hollow body and at least one electromagnetic pickup. First created in the 1930s, they became popular in jazz and blues, where they remain widely used, and the early period of rock & roll, though they were later largely supplanted by solid-body electric guitars in rock.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gretsch 6120</span> An electric guitar manufactured by Gretsch Guitars

The Gretsch 6120 is a hollow body electric guitar with f-holes, manufactured by Gretsch and first appearing in the mid-1950s with the endorsement of Chet Atkins. It was quickly adopted by rockabilly artists Eddie Cochran, Duane Eddy, and later by Eric Clapton, Brian Setzer, Reverend Horton Heat, and many others. Pete Townshend received one as a gift from Joe Walsh in 1970, which he would later use on recordings for Who's Next and Quadrophenia. Poison Ivy Rorschach of The Cramps notably played a 1958 Gretsch 6120, which she bought in 1985. She said it was her favourite guitar to play. After George Harrison played Gretsch Country Gentleman and Tennessean models, Gretsch found that they could scarcely keep up with demand.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kay Musical Instrument Company</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gretsch White Falcon</span>

The Gretsch White Falcon is an electric hollow-body guitar introduced in 1954 by Gretsch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gretsch Drums</span>

Gretsch Drums is a division of American musical instrument manufacturer Gretsch. The company was founded in Brooklyn, New York, in 1883. Gretsch drum kits have been used by many notable drummers including Max Roach, Tony Williams, Art Blakey, Vinnie Colaiuta, Mark Guiliana, Phil Collins, Charlie Watts, Taylor Hawkins, Mitch Mitchell and Steve Ferrone.

The Gibson ES series of semi-acoustic guitars are manufactured by the Gibson Guitar Corporation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gretsch 6128</span>

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Classical electric guitars, also known as nylon-string electric guitars, represent a unique fusion of traditional classical guitar design and modern electric guitar technology. These instruments combine the rich and warm tonal qualities of nylon-stringed classical guitars with the versatility and amplified sound capabilities of electric guitars. By integrating nylon strings with onboard electronics, pickups, and preamp systems, classical electric guitars offer musicians a wide range of sonic possibilities for various musical genres and performance settings.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Remembering Bill and Sylvia Gretsch | Gretsch". Gretsch.com. Retrieved September 8, 2012.[ non-primary source needed ]
  2. "Folk & Bluegrass". Gretschguitars.com. Retrieved September 8, 2012.[ non-primary source needed ]
  3. "Gretsch Guitars". Gretschguitars.com. Retrieved September 8, 2021.[ non-primary source needed ]
  4. "Gretsch & Fender Join Forces, Iconic Companies Ink Global Deal". Gretsch.com. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
  5. 1 2 "Brooklyn Walking Tour: Traveling Through Gretsch History Today | Gretsch". Gretsch.com. Retrieved September 8, 2012.[ non-primary source needed ]
  6. "Gretsch History: Best performances start with Gretsch guitars & drums, on stage since 1883. A music-industry leader since 1883. Learn about our many music industry firsts!". Gretsch.com. Retrieved December 20, 2012.[ non-primary source needed ]
  7. "Where Are Gretsch Guitars Made? – From Workshop to World Stage Source". primesound.org. Alicia Steen. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  8. "These Luxury Lofts Are Home to Rock History and a Rocket-Related Mystery". Bedfordandbowery.com. December 30, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  9. Swearingen, Cynthia (October 1, 2019). "A Brief History Of Gretsch Guitars". Vintage Guitar Masters. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  10. ""That Great Gretsch Sound!"". www.gretschguitars.com. Retrieved September 17, 2021.[ non-primary source needed ]
  11. Hilmar, Jim (December 31, 2013). "Gretsch Jet Firebird". Vintageguitar.com. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  12. "Gretsch History". ChasingGuitars. May 15, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  13. March 2021, Dave Hunter 24 (March 24, 2021). "Classic Gear: Gretsch 6196 Country Club". Guitar Player. Retrieved September 17, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. "Gretsch 6120 models: Gretsch-GEAR: The Gretsch Pages". Gretschpages.com. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  15. Gjörde, Per (2001). Pearls and Crazy Diamonds. Göteborg, Sweden: Addit Information AB. pp. 35–37.
  16. Blumstein, Michael (September 27, 1983). "BALDWIN, A CASUALTY OF FAST EXPANSION, FILES FOR BANKRUPTCY". The New York Times . Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  17. 1 2 "Gretsch". Acousticmusic.org. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  18. 1 2 "Remembering Duke Kramer". Gretsch.com. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  19. "About Fred Gretsch, Jr., Music Pioneer". The Richmond Hill Historical Society. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  20. "Gretsch History: The Gretsch Pages". Gretschpages.com. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  21. Tim Baxter/APTgroup. "Gretsch History". The Gretsch Pages. Retrieved December 20, 2012.