Grevillea stenobotrya | |
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Grevillea stenobotrya habit | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Grevillea |
Species: | G. stenobotrya |
Binomial name | |
Grevillea stenobotrya | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Grevillea livea Ewart & M.E.L.Archer Contents |
Grevillea stenobotrya is a shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae that is endemic to arid regions of Australia. Common names include rattle-pod grevillea, sandhill grevillea, sandhill oak and sandhill spider flower. [2] [3]
Plants typically grow to a height of 1.5 to 6 m (4 ft 11 in to 19 ft 8 in) and branch near the base [2] and have smooth grey coloured bark [4] and a rounded habit. [5] The evergreen leaves are green on top and silver underneath with a linear shape. The long and thin leaves are linear and entire, or occasionally divided with a length of 6 to 28 cm (2.4 to 11.0 in) and a width of 0.7 to 2.5 mm (0.028 to 0.098 in). Flowers are cream, pale yellow or pale pink. [6] These appear in clustered spikes at the end of branches between May and December in the species' native range. [6] [7] The erect inflorescences are 8 to 25 cm (3.1 to 9.8 in) in length with multiple cylindrical to narrow-subconical branches with a cream to pale yellow coloured perianth that is sparsely silky on the outside and with erect hairs or glabrous on the inside. [2] The fruits which follow are hard, flattened and rounded and have a short beak. [7]
The species was formally described in 1875 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the ninth volume of his Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae . [8] Mueller's description was based on plant material collected in the MacDonnell Ranges in central Australia during an expedition by Ernest Giles. [9] The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words stenos (narrow) and botrys (bunch of grapes). [10] [11] It occurs in red sandhill country in association with other shrub and Triodia species. [6] The Australian Plant Census lists two synonyms; Grevillea simulans Morrison (1912) and Grevillea livea Ewart & M.E.L.Archer (1917). [1]
In Western Australia the plant is found in the Gascoyne, Pilbara, north-eastern Mid West, south Kimberley and north-eastern Goldfields regions. It is found as far west as Denham to between Port Hedland and Broome in the north and down to around the Great Victoria Desert in the south. The range extends as far east as the border with the Northern Territory and South Australia. It is commonly found situated on sand dunes growing in red sandy soils. [11] It is also found in central and southern parts of the Northern Territory [4] and northern parts of South Australia on sand flats, sand dunes and swales where it is can be a dominant or co-dominant plant in sclerophyllous woodland or shrubland communities. [12] The range extends into south western parts of Queensland and north western parts of New South Wales in the east. In New South Wales it is confined to a small area around Tibooburra where it is situated in sandhill country usually on or near the crests of active or stable dunes as a part of shrubland and Triodia communities. [2]
The plant is available commercially is seed form and is suitable for arid areas and can be used as a screen or hedge which will flower in winter and spring. It prefers an open sunny position in a well drained soil and is frost and drought tolerant. It is unsuitable for wet or humid areas. [5]
Indigenous Australians used the leaves for medicinal purposes and the seeds as a food source. The dried seed pods were also used for rattles as part of ceremonial processes. [4]
Acacia tetragonophylla, commonly known as curara, kurara or dead finish, is a tree in the family Fabaceae that is endemic to arid and semi-arid parts of central and western Australia.
Acacia acanthoclada, commonly known as harrow wattle, is a low, divaricate, highly branched and spinescent shrub that is endemic to Australia.
Grevillea erectiloba is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to inland areas of south-west of Western Australia. It is dense, rounded shrub with divided leaves with up to fifteen linear lobes, and groups of bright red flowers that are green in the bud stage.
Acacia maitlandii, also known as Maitland's wattle, is a perennial tree native to Australia.
Grevillea angustiloba, commonly known as dissected holly-leaf grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a prostrate, low-lying or erect shrub with deeply divided pinnate leaves and usually red, sometimes orange or pale yellow flowers.
Grevillea plurijuga is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying or dense mounded to erect shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes and loose clusters of hairy, red or pink flowers.
Eucalyptus gamophylla, commonly known as warilu, blue-leaved mallee, twin-leaf mallee, twin-leaved mallee or blue mallee, is a species of mallee that is native to Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory. It usually has smooth bark, mostly only juvenile leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of three, whitish flowers and cylindrical to barrel-shaped fruit that is four-sided in cross-section.
Acacia dictyophleba, also known as the sandhill wattle, waxy wattlefeather veined wattle, and spear tree, is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. The Nyangumarta peoples know the plant as Langkur or Lungkun; the Thalanyji know it as Jabandi; and the Pintupi know it as mulyati.
Acacia quadrisulcata is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae endemic to Western Australia.
Acacia trineura, known colloquially as three-nerve wattle or three nerved wattle or green wattle, is a species of Acacia native to south eastern Australia.
Hakea francisiana, commonly called the emu tree, grass-leaf hakea or bottlebrush hakea, is a shrub or tree of the genus Hakea native to Western Australia and South Australia.
Grevillea commutata is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It is a spreading, open to dense shrub with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white, cream-coloured, and pinkish-green flowers.
Grevillea disjuncta is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is low, mounded or spreading shrub with linear to more or less needle-shaped leaves and small groups of pale orange to bright red and green or yellow flowers.
Grevillea oligantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It is dense shrub with many erect branches, egg-shaped, lance-shaped or linear leaves, and groups of up to six brownish-yellow, orange or reddish-brown flowers with a pale yellow to reddish style.
Grevillea paradoxa, commonly known as the bottlebrush grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading, prickly shrub with pinnatipartite leaves, the lobes linear, widely spreading and sharply pointed, and with cylindrical clusters of pale to dark pink or cream-coloured flowers with a pinkish-red style.
Grevillea patentiloba is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect, spreading to straggling shrub with divided leaves, and down-turned clusters of red to deep pink and cream-coloured to bright yellow flowers with a red to deep pink style.
Grevillea sparsiflora, commonly known as sparse flowered grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with crowded, linear leaves and pinkish-red flowers arranged singly or in groups of up to five.
Grevillea trachytheca, commonly known as vanilla grevillea or the rough-fruit grevillea is a shrub of the genus Grevillea native to an area in the Mid West and Gascoyne regions of Western Australia.
Dicrastylis lewellinii is a species of plant within the genus, Dicrastylis, in the family Lamiaceae. It is found in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia.
Daviesia arthropoda is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Central Australia. It is a glabrous shrub with widely spreading branches, sharply-pointed, narrowly egg-shaped phyllodes with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow flowers with faint red markings.