| Grylloblatta campodeiformis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Notoptera |
| Family: | Grylloblattidae |
| Genus: | Grylloblatta |
| Species: | G. campodeiformis |
| Binomial name | |
| Grylloblatta campodeiformis Walker, 1914 | |
Grylloblatta campodeiformis, also known as the northern rock crawler, is an omnivorous species of insect in family Grylloblattidae. [1] Like other species in the genus Grylloblatta , it is endemic to North America.
This species was the first grylloblatid discovered and formally described in the scientific literature by Edmund Walker in 1914. [2] It was originally placed in the order Orthoptera but has since been placed in the order Notoptera.
There are currently four subspecies: [3]
Adults are typically 3 cm (1.2 in) long, excluding ovipositors and cerci, and are fairly elongate, wingless insects. They are a uniform honey-yellow in colour and covered with very short hair. Unlike some other species of grylloblatid, G. campodeiformis has eyes which have roughly 70 facets. The head is fairly flat and rounded. The thorax is elongate and over a third of the body length. The abdomen is composed of 10 segments and over half the body length. The legs are long and narrow (cursorial) with stout coxae and long femora. [2] Their antennae are long ~9 mm (0.35 in) and thread-like. In adults the number of antennal subsegments is variable ranging from 24 to 27. [4]
Diet
Rock crawlers are nocturnal predators and scavengers that actively search for small, invertebrate prey. They also venture onto snowfields, foraging for “insect-fallout” carried and deposited there by wind.
This species was originally discovered on Sulphur Mountain, Alberta in the Canadian Rockies at an altitude of 6,500 feet (2,000 m). [2] Subsequently it has been recorded from British Columbia (Canada), Montana, Washington (USA). [5]
They are ground dwelling animals, living between small stones and debris during the day. [6] While they can survive warmer temperatures of up to 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) they are typically nocturnal, becoming active on snow fields at cooler temperatures of around 0 °C (32 °F) making them psychrophilic. [5]
Like other North American grylloblattids, G. campodeiformis is at some risk of extinction due to its habitat requirements and reduced mobility. [5]
Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs, or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. They belong, along with Mantophasmatidae, to the order Notoptera. Grylloblattids are wingless insects mostly less than 3 cm long, with a head resembling that of a cockroach, with long antennae and having elongated cerci arising from the tip of their abdomen. They cannot tolerate warmth and many species have small distribution ranges.
Grylloblatta chirurgica is a species of insect in family Grylloblattidae. Like other species in the genus, it is endemic to the United States. This species is also known as the Mount Saint Helens grylloblatid, and is found at high elevations and in ice caves in south-western Washington state, especially in Skamania County around Mount St. Helens. It has also been found in the Chinook Pass area of Yakima County.
Grylloblatta is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae. It contains 15 species, including Grylloblatta chirurgica, almost exclusively from high-altitude and high-latitude regions of the United States, living in ice caves and glaciers.
The wingless insect order Notoptera, a group first proposed in 1915, had been largely unrecognized since its original conception, until resurrected in 2004. As now defined, the order comprises five families, three of them known only from fossils, two known from both fossil and living representatives, and fewer than 60 known species in total.
Grylloblatta barberi is a North American species of wingless insect in the genus Grylloblatta. It is a rock crawler that lives at high altitudes in crevices under snow or glaciers. It was first described by Andrew Nelson Caudell in 1924.
Grylloblatta chintimini is a species of rock crawler in the family Grylloblattidae. It is found in the state of Oregon in the United States.
Grylloblatta bifratrilecta is a species of rock crawler in the family Grylloblattidae. It is found in North America, including Sonora Pass and Carson Pass in the Sierra Nevada.
Grylloblatta scudderi, also known as Scudder's rock crawler, is a species of Grylloblattidae. It was first described in 1979. It is endemic to British Columbia, Canada, and is unranked by NatureServe as of January 2021.
Galloisiana is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae found in East Asia. It contains 12 species.
Grylloblatta chandleri is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is an ice cave in Eagle Lake in California, United States.
Grylloblatta gurneyi is a species of wingless insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is Lava Beds National Monument in northeastern California, United States.
Grylloblatta marmoreus is a species of cave-dwelling insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is in the Marble Mountains of California, United States.
Grylloblatta newberryensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. It is found in central Oregon, United States.
Grylloblatta oregonensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is in Oregon Caves National Monument in the United States.
Grylloblatta rothi is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae found in Oregon. Its type locality is Happy Valley in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is also known from Mount Hood and Crater Lake.
Grylloblatta sculleni is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is found in Oregon, United States. Its type locality is Scott Camp in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States.
Grylloblatta siskiyouensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is in Oregon Caves National Monument in the United States.
Grylloblatta washoa is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is Echo Summit in the Sierra Nevada of California, United States. Specimens have also been collected in Placer County and Nevada County.
Grylloblattella sayanensis is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae found in the Sayan Mountains of Russia. Its type locality is Sambyl Pass in Siberian Russia.
Namkungia magna is a species of cave-dwelling insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is Balgudeok Cave in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea.
