HMS Maidstone (1758)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Maidstone.

Maidstone was built to the same design as HMS Carysfort, (pictured)
History
Great Britain
Name	HMS Maidstone
Namesake	Maidstone, Kent
Ordered	3 September 1756
Builder	Thomas Seward, Rochester
Laid down	1 October 1756
Launched	9 February 1758
Completed	7 April 1758 at Chatham Dockyard
Commissioned	January 1758
Fate	Taken to pieces at Sheerness July 1794
General characteristics
Class and type	28-gun Coventry-class sixth-rate frigate
Tons burthen	59314⁄94 bm
Length	Overall: 118 ft 4 in (36.1 m) Keel: 97 ft 5 in (29.7 m)
Beam	33 ft 10 in (10.3 m)
Depth of hold	10 ft 6 in (3.2 m)
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Complement	200
Armament	Upperdeck: 24 × 9-pounder guns QD: 4 × 3-pounder guns + 12 × ½-pdr swivel guns

HMS Maidstone was a 28-gun Coventry-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1758 and taken to pieces in 1794.

Construction

The vessel was named after Maidstone, a county town in Kent, England, 32 miles (51 km) south-east of London. In selecting her name the Board of Admiralty continued a tradition dating to 1644 of using geographic features for ship names; overall, ten of the nineteen Coventry-class vessels were named after well-known regions, rivers or towns. ^{[1] [2]} With few exceptions the remainder of the class were named after figures from classical antiquity, following a more modern trend initiated in 1748 by John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich in his capacity as First Lord of the Admiralty. ^{[1] [2] [lower-alpha 1]}

In sailing qualities Maidstone was broadly comparable with French frigates of equivalent size, but with a shorter and sturdier hull and greater weight in her broadside guns. She was also comparatively broad-beamed with ample space for provisions and the ship's mess, and incorporating a large magazine for powder and round shot. ^{[lower-alpha 2]} Taken together, these characteristics would enable Maidstone to remain at sea for long periods without resupply. ^{[4] [5]} She was also built with broad and heavy masts, which balanced the weight of her hull, improved stability in rough weather and made her capable of carrying a greater quantity of sail. The disadvantages of this comparatively heavy design were a decline in manoeuvrability and slower speed when sailing in light winds. ^[6]

Her designated complement was 200, comprising two commissioned officers – a captain and a lieutenant – overseeing 40 warrant and petty officers, 91 naval ratings, 38 Marines, and 29 servants and other ranks. ^{[7] [lower-alpha 3]} Among these other ranks were four positions reserved for widow's men – fictitious crew members whose pay was intended to be reallocated to the families of sailors who died at sea. ^[7]

Service

Sometime in 1776, probably late in 1776 under the command of Alan Gardner, she captured schooner "Nancy". On 4 November, 1776 she captured brig "Yarmouth". On 10 November, she captured schooner "Polly" and sloop "Betsy". On 12 November she captured sloop "Pacificate". On 20 November she captured schooner "Marianna". She also captured on unknown date between late November and early December, 1776 sloop "Postillion". Between December, 1776 and early March, 1777 she captured on unknown dates brig "Hazard" and sloop "Reliance". ^[8] On 20 April 1778 she captured Rhode Island privateer sloop Greenwich off New England. On 10 May 1778 recaptured sloop "Nancy" at ( 40°26′N68°16′W / 40.433°N 68.267°W / 40.433; -68.267 ). On 12 May 1778 captured, with HMS Apollo, schooner "Jack & Harry" off Nantucket. ^[9]

Notes

1. The exceptions to these naming conventions were Hussar, Active and the final vessel in the class, Hind ^{[1] [3]}
2. Maidstone's dimensional ratios 3.57:1 in length to breadth, and 3.3:1 in breadth to depth, compare with standard French equivalents of up to 3.8:1 and 3:1 respectively. Royal Navy vessels of equivalent size and design to Maidstone were capable of carrying up to 20 tons of powder and shot, compared with a standard French capacity of around 10 tons. They also carried greater stores of rigging, spars, sails and cables, but had fewer ship's boats and less space for the possessions of the crew. ^[4]
3. The 29 servants and other ranks provided for in the ship's complement consisted of 20 personal servants and clerical staff, four assistant carpenters an assistant sailmaker and four widow's men. Unlike naval ratings, servants and other ranks took no part in the sailing or handling of the ship. ^[7]

Citations

1. Winfield 2007, pp. 227–231
2. Manning, T. Davys (1957). "Ship Names". The Mariner's Mirror. Portsmouth, United Kingdom: Society for Nautical Research. 43 (2): 93–96. doi:10.1080/00253359.1957.10658334.
3. Winfield 2007, p. 240
4. Gardiner 1992, pp. 115–116
5. Gardiner 1992, pp. 107–108
6. Gardiner 1992, pp. 111–112
7. Rodger 1986, pp. 348–351
8. "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 European THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 American: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
9. "NAVAL DOCUMENTS OF The American Revolution" (PDF). history.navy.mil. Retrieved 21 October 2021.

References

• Gardiner, Robert (1992). The First Frigates: Nine-Pounder and Twelve-Pounder Frigates, 1748–1815. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN   0851776019.
• Rodger, N. A. M. (1986). The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN   0870219871.
• Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth. ISBN   9781844157006.