HM Prison Reading

Last updated

HMP Reading
Reading Prison 1.JPG
The prison in 2007
HM Prison Reading
Location Reading, Berkshire
Coordinates 51°27′23″N00°57′50″W / 51.45639°N 0.96389°W / 51.45639; -0.96389
Security class Young offenders Institution
Opened1844
Closed2014
Managed by HM Prison Services
Website Reading at justice.gov.uk

HM Prison Reading, popularly known as Reading Gaol, is a former prison located in Reading, Berkshire, England. The prison was operated by His Majesty's Prison Service until its closure at the start of 2014. It is a Grade II listed building and sits on the site of Reading Abbey. [1]

Contents

History

Reading Gaol in 1844 Reading Gaol 19thc.jpg
Reading Gaol in 1844

HM Prison Reading was built in 1844 as the Berkshire County Gaol in the heart of Reading on the site of the former county prison, alongside the ruins of Reading Abbey and beside the River Kennet.

Designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Boynthon Moffatt, it was based on London's New Model Prison at Pentonville [2] with a cruciform shape, and is a good example of early Victorian prison architecture. The Pentonville Prison design of 1842 was based on the design of Eastern State Penitentiary of 1829 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

It was designed to carry out what was the very latest penal technique of the time, known as the separate system. [2] As a county gaol, its forecourt served as the site for public executions, the first one in 1845 before a crowd of 10,000; after 1868 executions took place inside, the last one in 1913.

Cell occupied by Oscar Wilde, as seen during Reading's 2016 Year of Culture Oscar Wilde Prison Cell Reading 2016.jpg
Cell occupied by Oscar Wilde, as seen during Reading's 2016 Year of Culture

It was used to hold Irish prisoners involved in the 1916 Easter Rising, for internment in both World Wars, as a borstal and for a variety of other purposes. Most of those interned during the First World War were of German origin but there were also Latin Americans, Belgians, and Hungarians. In 1969 the wing where the Irish had been held was demolished. [3]

In 1973 Reading was re-designated as a local prison, and around that time its old castle wall was removed. The building was designated as Grade II listed in 1978. [2] In 1992 it became a Remand Centre and Young Offenders Institution, [2] holding prisoners between the ages of 18 and 21 years.

Accommodation at the prison consisted of a mixture of single and double occupancy cells, on three wings. There was also a residential unit (Kennet wing) of single occupancy cells for low-security 'open' prisoners. There were two education departments at the prison, one run by the Prison service and one by Milton Keynes College. The remand centre library was run by Reading Borough Libraries.

The historic records of the prison are housed at the Berkshire Record Office and are the subject of a project focused on the history of ‘ordinary’ men in Berkshire charged with indecent assault/gross indecency between 1861-1967, the Broken Futures project, funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund and managed and delivered by Support U, the LGBT+ support and wellbeing charity in the Thames Valley.

Closure

Graffiti by Banksy painted overnight 28 February/1 March 2021. Banksy Create Escape.jpg
Graffiti by Banksy painted overnight 28 February/1 March 2021.

On 4 September 2013, it was announced that HM Prison Reading would close by the end of that year, [5] and the prison formally closed in January 2014 under The Closure of Prisons Order 2014. [6]

There have been calls for the prison building to be preserved as an arts and cultural hub, and Reading Borough Council have confirmed that they would like to retain the complex. [7] In June 2014 it was proposed that the site could be converted into a theatre venue. [8] However, in November 2015 it was announced by Chancellor George Osborne and Justice Secretary Michael Gove that the site was to be sold to housing developers. [9]

In May 2016, it was announced that the former prison would be made available as an arts venue for the Reading 2016 Year of Culture programme. [10] An exhibition curated by Artangel attracted tens of thousands of visitors.

There have been concerted efforts by campaigners wanting a permanent arts and cultural hub at the gaol. [11] These include a petition started by local MP Matt Rodda and the "Reading Gaol Hug" in which about 1000 people surrounded the gaol linking hands. However in October 2019 the Ministry of Justice announced that the site was to be sold. [12] A "March to the Gaol" scheduled for March 2021 had to be cancelled at the last moment due to the Coronavirus Pandemic.

Reading Borough Council put forward a bid to turn the gaol into an arts and cultural hub. Artisan Real Estate was the successful bidder but in November 2020 it was announced that the sale had fallen through. [13]

Reading Borough Council were then given a period of exclusivity to prepare a new bid for the gaol by mid March 2021 [14]

On the night of 28 February 2021, graffiti artist Banksy painted a mural on the wall of the prison depicting a prisoner escaping on a rope made of bedsheets tied to a typewriter, speculated to be a reference to Wilde's imprisonment. Banksy uploaded a video of the creation titled "Create Escape" on 5 March, mixed over a narration by Bob Ross. Damian Jones of NME noted the possible link to the ongoing campaign to save the gaol building as an arts hub, and local MP Matt Rodda also expressed the hope that the artwork would become a part of this. [15] [16]

In May 2021, it was announced that Reading Borough Council's bid for the gaol had been turned down by the Ministry of Justice because the offer of £2.6 million was too low.

In January 2024, the property was sold for £7 million to the non-profit Ziran Education Foundation, run by the Chinese-born businessman Channing Bi. [17]

Notable former inmates

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Holloway</span> Prison in London, England

HM Prison Holloway was a closed category prison for adult women and young offenders in Holloway, London, England, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. It was the largest women's prison in western Europe, until its closure in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Wandsworth</span> Mens prison in London, England

HM Prison Wandsworth is a Category B men's prison at Wandsworth in the London Borough of Wandsworth, South West London, England. It is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service and is one of the largest prisons in the UK.

<i>The Ballad of Reading Gaol</i> 1897 poem by Oscar Wilde

The Ballad of Reading Gaol is a poem by Oscar Wilde, written in exile in Berneval-le-Grand and Naples, after his release from Reading Gaol on 19 May 1897. Wilde had been incarcerated in Reading after being convicted of gross indecency with other men in 1895 and sentenced to two years' hard labour in prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Stafford</span> Mens prison in Stafford, England

HM Prison Stafford is a Category C men's prison, located in Stafford, Staffordshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. In 2014 it became a sex offender-only jail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shrewsbury Prison</span> Former prison in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom

HM Prison Shrewsbury was a Category B/C men's prison in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. It was decommissioned in March 2013, and is now open to the public.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison The Verne</span> Mens prison in Dorset, England

HM Prison The Verne is a Category C men's prison located within the historic Verne Citadel on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. Operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, HMP The Verne was established in 1949 and occupies the southern part of the citadel. After a brief spell as an Immigration Removal Centre in 2014–2017, HMP The Verne re-opened in 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Durham</span> Prison in the city of Durham, England

HM Prison Durham is a Georgian era reception Category B men's prison, located in the Elvet area of Durham in County Durham, England. Built in 1819, the prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Its women prisoners were all moved out to other prisons in 2005 due to overcrowding and suicides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Thomas Wooldridge</span>

Charles Thomas Wooldridge was a Trooper in the Royal Horse Guards who was executed in Reading Gaol for uxoricide and who, as 'C.T.W', was the dedicatee of Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Leeds</span> Prison in West Yorkshire, England

HM Prison Leeds is a Category B men's prison, located at Gloucester Terrace in the Armley area of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, which opened in 1847. Leeds Prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, and is still known locally as Armley Gaol, the historical name of the prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Shepton Mallet</span> Former prison in Shepton Mallet, UK

HMP Shepton Mallet, sometimes known as Cornhill, is a former prison in Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England. When it closed in 2013, it was the United Kingdom's oldest operating prison, following the closure of HMP Lancaster Castle in 2011. Before closure, Shepton Mallet was a category C lifer prison holding 189 prisoners. The prison building is Grade II* listed, while the former gatehouse and perimeter walls are Grade II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Winchester</span>

HM Prison Winchester is a Category B men's prison, located in Winchester, Hampshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Kingston</span>

HM Prison Kingston is a former Category B/C men's prison, located in the Kingston area of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England. Prior to closure, the prison was operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. In 2020, work began to convert the site to residential use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Liverpool</span> Mens prison in Liverpool, England

HM Prison Liverpool is a category B local men's prison in Walton, Liverpool, England. It is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Exeter</span> Prison in Devon, England

HM Prison Exeter is a category B local and resettlement men's prison, located in Exeter in the county of Devon, England. It holds men sentenced by the courts of Devon, Cornwall, Dorset and Somerset. There are also prisoners from further afield who have been transferred from other prisons. Exeter Prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Canterbury</span> Former prison in Canterbury, England

HMP Canterbury is a former prison in Canterbury, Kent, England. The prison was operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service. The former prison site was bought by Canterbury Christ Church University in April 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Chelmsford</span> Prison in Essex, England

HM Prison Chelmsford is a Category B men's prison and Young Offenders Institution, located in Chelmsford, Essex, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Gloucester</span> Former 18th-century prison in Gloucester, England

HM Prison Gloucester was a Category B men's prison located in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. It was originally opened in 1792, on the site of Gloucester Castle whose keep had been used as a prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prisons in Wales</span> Overview of prisons operating in Wales

The prisons in Wales are run by His Majesty's Prison Service, which is in turn a part of HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) which is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the correctional services in England and Wales. The objectives of prison confinement in Wales is threefold: to "hold prisoners securely", to "reduce the risk of prisoners re-offending" and to "provide safe and well-ordered establishments in which we treat prisoners humanely, decently and lawfully".

<i>Oscar</i> (opera) Opera by Theodore Morrison

Oscar is an American opera in two acts, with music by composer Theodore Morrison and a libretto by Morrison and English opera director John Cox. The opera, Morrison's first, is based on the life of Oscar Wilde, focused on his trial and imprisonment in Reading Gaol. It was a co-commission and co-production between Santa Fe Opera and Opera Philadelphia. This work received its world premiere at the Santa Fe Opera on 27 July 2013. Opera Philadelphia first presented the revised version of the opera on 6 February 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of Reading, Berkshire</span> Timeline of notable events

The following is a timeline of the history of Reading, the county town of Berkshire in England.

References

  1. ↑ "Reading Prison of Oscar Wilde fame closes early". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "Reading Gaol (main building) former Her Majesty's Prison (1321948)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Enemies of the State: Irish Patriots in Reading Gaol". Berkshire Record Office. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  4. ↑ "Instagram post by Banksy • 4 March 2021 at 3:31pm UTC". Instagram. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  5. ↑ Millward, David (4 September 2013). "Ministry of Justice announces closure of Reading Prison – Reading Post". Getreading.co.uk. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  6. ↑ "The Closure of Prisons Order 2014 - Section 2". Legislation.gov.uk . 6 January 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  7. ↑ "Call to save 'Oscar Wilde jail' in Reading". BBC. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  8. ↑ "Reading jail considered as site for new theatre". BBC. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  9. ↑ "Prison building revolution announced by Chancellor and Justice Secretary". UK Government. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  10. ↑ "HMP Reading set to be Year of Culture venue". BBC. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  11. ↑ "The Ballad of Reading Gaol: Wilde enthusiasts lead campaign to save site". Irish Times. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  12. ↑ "Reading Gaol: Oscar Wilde prison put up for sale". BBC. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  13. ↑ "Reading Prison: Sale of 'Oscar Wilde jail' falls through". BBC. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  14. ↑ "Reading Prison: Council given time to revive arts venue plan". BBC. 26 December 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  15. ↑ "Banksy Reading jail mural 'should become part of arts hub'". BBC News. 5 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  16. ↑ "Banksy confirms Reading prison artwork is his in video featuring Bob Ross". 4 March 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  17. ↑ "Reading gaol, prison home of Oscar Wilde, sold to educational foundation for £7m". the Guardian. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.