HNoMS Hitra

	HNoMS Hitra entering Scalloway harbour in the Shetland Islands, June 2003
History
United States
Name	SC-718
Builder	Fisher Boat Works, Detroit
Laid down	22 September 1942
Launched	31 March 1943
Commissioned	25 May 1943
Fate	Transferred to Royal Norwegian Navy, October 1943
Norway
Name	Hitra
Namesake	Island of Hitra
Commissioned	26 October 1943
Decommissioned	8 December 1954
Identification	MMSI number: 257039200 ; Callsign: JWFL;
Fate	Sold to civilian interests in 1958, gifted to the Royal Norwegian Navy Museum in Horten in 1981; Museum ship
General characteristics
Displacement	125 tons
Length	110.6 ft (33.71 m)
Beam	18.8 ft (5.73 m)
Draft	6 ft (1.83 m)
Propulsion	Two General Motors diesel engines with 1,200 hp, two shafts. After 1999: Two retrofitted 550 hp MTU 8V 183 TE72 diesel engines.
Speed	20 knots (37.04 km/h). Cruising speed after 1999, with MTU engines: 15,2 knots (25.93 km/h)
Range	2,500 nautical miles (4,630.00 km) at 10 knots (18.52 km/h)
Complement	24 men
Armament	1 × Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun ; 1 × 2 pounder pom-pom ; 2 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon ; 2 × 12.7 mm Colt ; anti-aircraft machineguns ;
Notes	All the above listed information, unless otherwise noted, was acquired from

Last updated May 16, 2024

HNoMS Hitra is a Royal Norwegian Navy submarine chaser that saw action during World War II. She is named after the Norwegian island of Hitra.

History

Wartime service

Hitra was originally built as a SC-497 class submarine chaser for the United States Navy. She was laid down on 22 September 1942 by the Fisher Boat Works of Detroit and launched on 31 March 1943. She was commissioned into the US Navy as USS SC-718 on 25 May 1943.^[2]

In August 1943 US Admiral Harold R. Stark, commander of US Naval Forces Europe, ordered SC-718 and two other SC-class subchasers - SC-683 and SC-1061 - to be transferred to Britain. Stationed in Miami at the time, the three subchasers received top secret orders to report to Brooklyn Navy Yard where they were to await further orders. When they arrived at the Naval Yard, the vessels' commanders were ordered to warn their crews to observe strict silence about their movements and were told that the three ships had been picked for a "special purpose".^[3]

The three subchasers were hoisted aboard three Liberty Ships and secured as deck cargo, SC-718 being carried by the Liberty Ship SS Willard Hall, and preparations made to transport them and their crews to an undisclosed location. It was only when the ships were under way that the crews were told that they were bound for Belfast.^[3]

The ships arrived in Belfast in early October 1943, where the three subchasers were lifted back into the water, and on 14 October the three ships sailed up the Firth of Clyde to the US Naval base at Rosneath naval base, where a group of exiled Norwegian sailors of the Shetland Bus organisation were awaiting the vessels' arrival. It was not until the three ships moored that their US crews finally learned that the purpose of their journey was to train the Norwegians in the operation of the subchasers' equipment, and that upon completion of the training they were to hand their ships over to Norwegian command. The training lasted just a week, then the transfer of command was completed.^[4]

After assuming command at Rosneath, the Norwegian crews sailed their new vessels first to Derry, and then to Scalloway in Shetland, where they completed their fitting-out. The subchasers' depth charge racks, Mousetrap anti-submarine rocket launchers, and K-gun depth charge projectors were removed, and an additional set of davits were installed so that each ship could carry two boats, whose motors were equipped with specially muffled exhausts for ultra-quiet running. They also removed one of the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon from amidships and installed a 2-pounder gun aft and two cal .50 machine guns on the flying bridge. The ships were christened Hitra (SC-718), Hessa (SC-683), and Vigra (SC-1061).^[2]

Hitra and her sister vessels superseded the famous fleet of civilian fishing boats that had formerly run naval operations between Shetland and Norway. During the final two years of World War II the three ships performed a total of 114 missions to occupied Norway, and apart from one incident when a Canadian aircraft fired on Hessa, the voyages were uneventful and there were no casualties.^[3] For 43 of her 45 trips to Norway Hitra was under the command of Ingvald Eidsheim.^{[ citation needed ]}

Late in the war an observer from Admiral Stark's office wrote:^[5]

It would be difficult to sum up the value of these three craft in their contribution to the [Allies]. Hundreds of tons of stores and supplies have been delivered to Resistance groups. An enemy plane has been shot down. Countless agents have been taken in and out and great numbers of marooned allied airmen, including Americans, have been helped to evade the Gestapo. Despite very heavy weather the ships have required minimum repairs.

Postwar

After the war Hitra performed coast guard duties until 1953. All three submarine chasers were mothballed at Marvika and formally decommissioned in 1959.^{[ citation needed ]}

She seemingly ended her days in Karlskrona, Sweden when she sank after someone had opened the bottom valves. It was not until 1981, when the Soviet submarine U 137 (Whiskey on the rocks) ran aground, that S. Moen, the director of the Royal Norwegian Navy Museum in Horten saw the abandoned Hitra in a newspaper image. Subsequently, she was raised and shipped back to Norway, where she was restored to her original condition in 1983–1987.^[6]

Today, while still under naval command, Hitra is a museum ship home ported at Haakonsvern, Bergen, touring the Norwegian coast in the summer months.^[6]

Notes

↑ Abelsen 1986, p. 278
1 2 Priolo, Gary P. "SC-718". Submarine Chaser Photo Archive. NavSource Naval History.
1 2 3 Treadwell, p.87
↑ Treadwell, p.88
↑ Treadwell, p.89
1 2 "Åpent skip på KNM Hitra". Norwegian Armed Forces (in Norwegian). 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2009.

Related Research Articles

A submarine chaser or subchaser is a small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.

The Shetland Bus was the nickname of a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Mainland Shetland in Scotland and German-occupied Norway from 1941 until the surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945. From mid-1942, the group's official name was the Norwegian Naval Independent Unit (NNIU). In October 1943, it became an official part of the Royal Norwegian Navy and was renamed the Royal Norwegian Naval Special Unit (RNNSU). The unit was operated initially by a large number of small fishing boats and later augmented by three fast and well-armed submarine chasers – Vigra, Hessa and Hitra.

HNoMS Draug was the lead ship of the three-ship Draug class of destroyers built for the Royal Norwegian Navy in the years 1908–1913. The four-stacked destroyer was kept in service long after she was obsolete, and took part in the defence of Norway during the German invasion in 1940.

The Shetland bus was the name given to a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Shetland, Scotland, and German-occupied Norway. From mid-1941 until the end of the war it operated a number of vessels, mostly Norwegian fishing boats.

The SC-497-class submarine chasers were a class of 438 submarine chasers built primarily for the United States Navy from 1941–1944. The SC-497s were based on the experimental submarine chaser, USS SC-453. Submarine chasers of this variety were collectively nicknamed "the splinter fleet" due to their wooden hulls.

USS SC-500 was a United States Navy SC-497-class submarine chaser in commission from 1942 to 1945 during World War II. She later served in the Soviet Navy as BO-319.

The SC-1 class was a large class of submarine chasers built during World War I for the United States Navy. They were ordered in very large numbers in order to combat attacks by German U-boats, with 442 boats built from 1917 to 1919.

The Japanese submarine chaser CH-24 was a No.13-class submarine chaser of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. She was built by the Ōsaka Iron Works, Sakurajima and completed on 20 December 1941. On 24 August 1942, she left Rabaul as part of Operation RE, for the landings at Milne Bay. On March 15, 1943 she, along with CH-22 and Satsuki, sank a submarine, possibly USS Triton, north west of the Admiralty Islands.

The HNoMS Vigra was a Royal Norwegian Navy submarine chaser that saw action during World War II. She was named after the Norwegian island of Vigra.

The HNoMS Hessa was a Royal Norwegian Navy submarine chaser that saw action during World War II. She was named after the Norwegian island of Hessa.

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USS SC-95, prior to July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 95 or USS S.C. 95, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. She operated as part of the Otranto Barrage during the war. Postwar, she saw service in the Adriatic Sea, in North Russia, and in the clearance of the North Sea Mine Barrage. After her U.S. Navy service, she became a private motor yacht.

USS SC-151, prior to July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 151 or USS S.C. 151, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. She operated as part of the Otranto Barrage during the war.

USS SC-227, prior to July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 227 or USS S.C. 227, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. She operated as part of the Otranto Barrage during the war.

References

Abelsen, Frank (1986). Norwegian naval ships 1939-1945 (in Norwegian and English). Oslo: Sem & Stenersen AS. ISBN 82-7046-050-8.
Treadwell, Theodore R. (2000). Splinter Fleet: The Wooden Subchasers of World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-817-8.

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[Abelsen86_278-1] Abelsen 1986, p. 278

[priolo-2] 1 2 Priolo, Gary P. "SC-718". Submarine Chaser Photo Archive. NavSource Naval History.

[treadwell-3] 1 2 3 Treadwell, p.87

[4] Treadwell, p.88

[5] Treadwell, p.89

[mil.no-6] 1 2 "Åpent skip på KNM Hitra". Norwegian Armed Forces (in Norwegian). 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2009.

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