| Haplogroup Q | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Possible time of origin | ~50,000 bp |
| Possible place of origin | Possibly Oceania |
| Ancestor | M29'Q |
| Descendants | Q1'2, Q3 |
| Defining mutations | 4117 5843 8790 12940 16129 16241 [1] |
In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup Q is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup typical for Oceania. It is a subgroup of haplogroup M29'Q.
Haplogroup Q is a descendant of haplogroup M.
Today, mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Q is found in the southern Pacific region, especially in New Guinea, Melanesia [2] and indigenous Australians. [3] Haplogroup Q is very diverse and frequently occurring among Papuan and Melanesian populations, with an inferred coalescence time of approximately 50,000 years before present. The frequency of this haplogroup among the populations of the islands of Wallacea in eastern Indonesia is quite high, indicating some genetic affinity between the populations of these islands and the indigenous peoples of New Guinea. Haplogroup Q has also been found at higher frequencies, among modern populations of Sundaland but in moderate frequencies Micronesia, and Polynesia. In Southeast Asia it is found in lower frequencies. Malaysians 1.8%, [4] It's also found in Indonesians, Filipinos (especially in Surigaonon people it's 4.17% [5] ), Balinese 1.2%, Borneans 1.3%. [6]
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Q subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [1] and subsequent published research.
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to haplogroup T. Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Haplogroup R is a widely distributed human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup R is associated with the peopling of Eurasia after about 70,000 years ago, and is distributed in modern populations throughout the world outside of sub-Saharan Africa.
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In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread around the globe.
Haplogroup JT is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L0 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Y is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup P is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
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Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. It was previously known as L1e.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L6 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a small haplogroup lcoal to the Ethiopian highlands and Yemen.
Haplogroup R0 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M30 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M8 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.