Haplogroup B (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup B
Peopling of eurasia.jpg
Possible time of origin50,000 YBP
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia
Ancestor R11'B
DescendantsB4, B5, B7
Defining mutations8281-8289d [1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup B is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Contents

Origin

Haplogroup B is believed to have arisen in Asia some 50,000 years before present. Its ancestral haplogroup was Eurasian haplogroup R.

The greatest variety of haplogroup B is in China. It is therefore likely that it underwent its earliest diversification in mainland East or South East Asia. [2]

Distribution

Basal B was found in Upper Paleolithic Tianyuan man. [3]

Haplogroup B is now most common among populations native to Southeast Asia, [4] as well as speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages and Austronesian languages.

A subclade of B4b (which is sometimes labeled B2) is one of five haplogroups found among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, C, D, and X.

Because the migration to the Americas by the ancestors of indigenous Americans is generally believed to have been from northeastern Siberia via Beringia, it is surprising that Haplogroup B and Haplogroup X have not been found in Paleo-Siberian tribes of northeastern Siberia. [5] However, Haplogroup B has been found among Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic populations of Siberia, such as Tuvans, Altays, Shors, Khakassians, Yakuts, Buryats, Mongols, Negidals, and Evenks. [6] This haplogroup is also found among populations in China, Indonesia, Iran, [6] Iraq, [7] Japan, Korea, Laos, [8] Madagascar, Malaysia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Mongolia, the Philippines, Polynesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. [9] [10]

Although haplogroup B in general has been found in many Siberian population samples, the subclade that is phylogenetically closest to American B2, namely B4b1, has been found mainly in populations of southern China and Southeast Asia, especially Filipinos and Austronesian speakers of eastern Indonesia (approx. 8%) and the aborigines of Taiwan and Hainan (approx. 7%). [11] [12] [13] However, B4b1 has been observed in populations as far north as Turochak and Choya districts in the north of Altai Republic (3/72 = 4.2% Tubalar), [14] Miyazaki and Tokyo, Japan (approx. 3%), [15] South Korea (4/185 = 2.2%), [10] Tuva (1/95 = 1.1% Tuvan), [14] and Hulunbuir (1/149 = 0.7% Barghut). [16]

Table of Frequencies of MtDNA Haplogroup B

PopulationFrequencyCountSourceSubtypes
Carolinian (Saipan)1.00017[ citation needed ]B4a1a1a=15, B4a1a(xB4a1a1a)=2
Hawaiians 0.994160 [17] B4a1a1, B4a1a1a1, B4a1a1a3
Dingban Yao (Mengla, Yunnan)0.60010[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=3, B4a=1, B4e=1, B4f=1
Iu Mien (Mengla, Yunnan)0.48127[ citation needed ]B4a=7, B4b1=5, B5a=1
Bapai Yao (Liannan, Guangdong)0.42935[ citation needed ]B5a=7, B4e=3, B4b1=2, B4a=1, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=1, B(xB4, B5)=1
Filipino 0.42264 [11] B4a1a(xB4a1a1)=8, B5b=7, B4b1=6, B4c1b=4, B4a1a1=1, B5a=1
Tu Yao (Hezhou, Guangxi)0.39041[ citation needed ]B5a=7, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=6, B4a=3
Guoshan Yao (Jianghua, Hunan)0.37524[ citation needed ]B5a=7, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=2
Cham (Bình Thuận, Vietnam)0.369168 [18] B5a=27, B4c2=18, B4c1b2=3, B4h=3, B4a1(xB4a1a)=2, B4g=2, B5b2a=2, B4a(xB4a1)=1, B4a1a=1, B4b1=1, B4c1b(xB4c1b2)=1, B5b1=1
Huatou Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.36819[ citation needed ]B5a=3, B4a=2, B4b1=1, B4e=1
Filipino (Luzon)0.367177 [11] B4a1a(xB4a1a1)=20, B5b=18, B4b1=13, B4c1b=10, B5a=2, B4a(xB4a1a)=1, B7=1
Hmong (Wenshan, Yunnan)0.33339[ citation needed ]B5a=8, B4a=5
Dong (Tianzhu County, Guizhou)0.32128[ citation needed ]B4a=6, B5a=2, B4c=1
Kinh (Vietnamese)0.317139[ citation needed ]B4=24, B5=19, B6=1
Mien (Shangsi, Guangxi)0.31332[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B5a=3, B4e=2
Kim Mun (Malipo, Yunnan)0.30040[ citation needed ]B5a=5, B4a=3, B4e=2, B4b1=1, B5(xB5a, B5b)=1
Dai (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.29341[ citation needed ]B5a=4, B(xB4, B5a, B5b)=4, B4a=3, B4(xB4a)=1
Bunu (Dahua & Tianlin, Guangxi)0.28025[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B5a=2
Filipino (Visayas)0.277112 [11] B4a1a(xB4a1a1)=11, B4b1=8, B4c1b=7, B5b=5
Lanten Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.26926[ citation needed ]B4a=3, B5a=2, B4b1=1, B4f=1
Laos 0.262214 [8] B5a=26, B4g=7, B4c2=6, B4a'g*=3, B4a1*=3, B4b1a2a=2, B4e=2, B4*=1, B4a1b=1, B4b1*=1, B4b1a1'2*=1, B4c1b=1, B5b=1, B6=1
Wuzhou Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.25831[ citation needed ]B4a=4, B5a=3, B4b1=1
Lahu (Simao, Yunnan)0.25032[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=3
Pan Yao (Tianlin, Guangxi)0.25032[ citation needed ]B5a=4, B4a=2, B4f=1, B5b=1
Yi (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.25016[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B4a=1, B5(xB5a, B5b)=1, B5a=1
Naxi (Lijiang, Yunnan)0.24445[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=3, B5a=3
Filipino (Mindanao)0.24370 [11] B4a1a(xB4a1a1)=7, B4b1=5, B5b=3, B4a(xB4a1a)=1, B4a1a1=1
Lowland Yao (Fuchuan, Guangxi)0.23842[ citation needed ]B4a=3, B4b1=3, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=2, B5a=1, B5b=1
Han (Taiwan)0.234111[ citation needed ]B4+C16261T+G16129A!=6, B5a1=3, B4+C16261T=2, B4b1a2=2, B4b1b'c=2, B4c1b2a(xB4c1b2a2)=2, B4g=2, B4a1a(xB4a1a1a)=1, B4a4=1, B4b1a3=1, B4c1b+A16335G=1, B4c1c=1, B5b(xB5b2a)=1, B5b2a=1
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.22631[ citation needed ]B4a=3, B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=2, B4b=1, B5a=1
Bai (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.21119[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2, B4a=1, B5a=1
Han (Taipei, Taiwan)0.20991[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=13, B5=6
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.206102[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B4b1=5, B5a=5, B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c, B4e, B4f, B4g)=3, B5b=2, B4c=1
Korean (South Korea)0.204103 [6] B4=13, B5=8
CHS (Han from Hunan & Fujian)0.20055[ citation needed ]B5=6, B4=5
Lahu (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.20015[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B4a=1, B4b1=1
Han (Southern California)0.192390[ citation needed ]B=75
Dai (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.19021[ citation needed ]B4a=2, B4(xB4a)=1, B5b=1
Han (Southwest China; pool of 44 Sichuan, 34 Chongqing, 33 Yunnan, and 26 Guizhou)0.190137[ citation needed ]B4b'd=9, B4a=6, B5a=4, B4c=3, B(xB4a, B4b'd, B4c, B5a, B5b, B6)=2, B5b=1, B6=1
Tujia (western Hunan)0.18864[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B5b=3, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2, B5a=2
Hmong (Jishou, Hunan)0.184103[ citation needed ]B5a=6, B4a=5, B4b1=3, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4e, B4f)=2, B4e=1, B4f=1, B5b=1
Hani (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.18233[ citation needed ]B5a=2, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B4a=1, B4b1=1, B5b=1
Xiban Yao (Fangcheng, Guangxi)0.18211[ citation needed ]B4a=1, B4b1=1
Korean (Seoul & Daejeon, South Korea)0.180261[ citation needed ]B(xB5)=32, B5=15
Han (Taiwan)0.1791117[ citation needed ]B=200
CHD (Han from Denver, Colorado)0.17873[ citation needed ]B4=12, B5=1
Hui (Xinjiang)0.17845[ citation needed ]B4a=4, B5a=2, B4b1=1, B6=1
Yi (Shuangbai, Yunnan)0.17540[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=5, B4a=1, B4b1=1
Tujia (Yanhe County, Guizhou)0.17229[ citation needed ]B4b=3, B5a=2
Thailand 0.171105[ citation needed ]B(xB5a1)=13, B5a1=5
Tibetan (Zhongdian, Yunnan)0.17135[ citation needed ]B5a=4, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2
Aini (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.16050[ citation needed ]B4a=4, B(xB4, B5)=2, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B5a=1
Chinese (Shenyang, Liaoning)0.156160[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=15, B5=10
Daur (Evenk Autonomous Banner)0.15645[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b)=4, B4a=3
Korean (Seoul National University Hospital)0.155633[ citation needed ]B=98
Yi (Hezhang County, Guizhou)0.15020[ citation needed ]B4b=1, B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=1, B6=1
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.14947 [6] B4=5, B5=2
Korean (South Korea)0.148203[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=24, B5=6
Korean (South Korea)0.146185 [10] B4a=11, B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=7, B4b1=4, B5a=2, B5b=2, B4c=1
Vietnamese 0.14342 [10] B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=3, B4a=1, B4b(xB4b1)=1, B5a=1
Okinawa 0.141326[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=28, B4f=10, B5=8
CHB (Han from Beijing Normal University)0.140121[ citation needed ]B4=14, B5=3
JPT (Japanese from Tokyo)0.136118[ citation needed ]B4=11, B5=5
Tujia (Yongshun, Hunan)0.13330[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2, B5a=2
Japanese (Hokkaidō)0.129217[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=18, B4f=5, B5=5
Japanese (Tōkai)0.124282[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=26, B5=9
Japanese (Gifu)0.1211617[ citation needed ]B=196
Negidal 0.12133 [14] B5b2=4
Japanese (Tōhoku)0.119336[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=24, B5=15, B4f=1
Korean (northern China)0.11851 [10] B4a=2, B4b(xB4b1)=2, B5a=1, B5b=1
Telengit (Altai Republic)0.11371 [6] B4=8
Jino (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan)0.11118[ citation needed ]B4a=1, B5a=1
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.11154[ citation needed ]B4a=5, B5b=1
Japanese (northern Kyūshū)0.109256[ citation needed ]B4(xB4f)=19, B5=8, B4f=1
Japanese 0.109211[ citation needed ]B4b1=14, B5b=4, B5a=2, B4a=1, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B5(xB5a, B5b)=1
Evenk (New Barag Left Banner)0.10647[ citation needed ]B4b=4, B5b=1
Korean (Arun Banner)0.10448[ citation needed ]B4b=2, B5b=2, B4(xB4a, B4b)=1
Mongol (New Barag Left Banner)0.10448[ citation needed ]B4b=3, B4a=1, B5a=1
Han (Beijing)0.10040 [10] B(xB4, B5a, B5b)=2, B4b(xB4b1)=2
Nu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.10030[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=3
Thai 0.10040 [10] B5a=3, B(xB4, B5a, B5b)=1
Yi (Luxi, Yunnan)0.09731[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2, B(xB4, B5)=1
Japanese (Miyazaki)0.090100 [15] B4b1a1=3, B4(xB4a, B4b1)=2, B4a=2, B5b=2
Khakassian (Khakassia)0.08857 [6] B4=5
Han (Xinjiang)0.08547[ citation needed ]B5a=2, B4b1=1, B5b=1
Kyrgyz (Sary-Tash, Kyrgyzstan)0.08547[ citation needed ]B5a=2, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4c)=1, B4a=1
Mongolian (Ulan Bator)0.08547 [10] B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=2, B4a=1, B5b=1
Tuvan 0.08495 [14] B4a1c2=4, B5=2, B4(xB4a1c2, B4b1a, B4d1a)=1, B4b1a=1
Tibetan (Nyingchi, Tibet)0.08324[ citation needed ]B=2
Barghut (Hulunbuir)0.081149 [16] B4c1a2(xB4c1a2a)=4, B4f1=2, B5b(xB5b2)=2, B4c1a2a=1, B4b1a3a1a=1, B4d1=1, B5b2=1
Chamorro (85 Guam, 14 Saipan, & 6 Rota)0.076105[ citation needed ]B4a1a1a=7, B4b1=1
Manchurian 0.07540 [10] B4(xB4a, B4b, B4c)=2, B4a=1
Uzbek (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.07540[ citation needed ]B=3
Uyghur (Penjim, Panfilov District, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan)0.07355[ citation needed ]B5a=3, B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4c)=1
Buryat 0.071126[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b)=5, B5b=2, B(xB4, B5a, B5b)=1, B4b=1
Khamnigan (Buryatia)0.07199 [6] B4=5, B5=2
Dungan (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.06316[ citation needed ]B=1
Persian (eastern Iran)0.06182 [6] B4=4, B5=1
Nogai (Dagestan)0.06133[ citation needed ]B=2
Tibetan (Nagchu, Tibet)0.05735[ citation needed ]B=2
Kazakh (Kegen Valley, Almaty Province, Kazakhstan)0.05555[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4c)=1, B4a=1, B5b=1
Lisu (Gongshan, Yunnan)0.05437[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1, B5(xB5a, B5b)=1
Tharu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.053133[ citation needed ]B5a=7
Uzbek (Xinjiang)0.05258[ citation needed ]B4b1=2, B4c=1
Bukharan Arab (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.05020[ citation needed ]B=1
Filipino (Palawan)0.05020[ citation needed ]B4a1a=1
Tajik (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.05020[ citation needed ]B=1
Turkmen (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.05020[ citation needed ]B=1
Shor (Kemerovo Oblast)0.04982 [6] B4=4
Va (Simao, Yunnan)0.04522[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a)=1
Altai Kizhi 0.04490 [6] B4=3, B5=1
Bai (Dali, Yunnan)0.04468[ citation needed ]B5a=2, B4b1=1
Tofalar 0.04346 [14] B4a1c2=2
Kyrgyz (Bakay-Ata, Kyrgyzstan)0.04248[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1, B4c)=1, B5b=1
Tubalar 0.04272 [14] B4b1a=3
Evenk (Krasnoyarsk Krai)0.04173 [6] B4=3
Kazakh (Kosh-Agach, Altai Republic)0.04198 [16] B5b2=3, B4c1b=1
Buryat (Kushun, Nizhneudinsky, Irkutsk Oblast)0.04025 [14] B4d1a=1
Kazakh (Xinjiang)0.03853[ citation needed ]B4a=2
Teleut (Kemerovo Oblast)0.03853 [6] B4=2
Kalmyk (Kalmykia)0.036110 [6] B4=3, B5=1
Tibetan (Chamdo, Tibet)0.03429[ citation needed ]B4a=1
Buryat (Buryatia)0.034295 [6] B4=9, B5=1
Lahu (Lancang, Yunnan)0.02935[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1
Pumi (Ninglang, Yunnan)0.02836[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1
Va (Ximeng & Gengma, Yunnan)0.02836[ citation needed ]B5a=1
Yakut (Yakutia)0.02836 [6] B4=1
Tharu (Morang, Nepal)0.02540[ citation needed ]B5a=1
Tibetan (Deqin, Yunnan)0.02540[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b1)=1
Oroqen (Oroqen Autonomous Banner)0.02344[ citation needed ]B4(xB4a, B4b)=1
Uyghur (Xinjiang)0.02147[ citation needed ]B(xB4, B5, B6)=1
Oirat Mongol (Xinjiang)0.02049[ citation needed ]B4b1=1
Ainu 0.02051[ citation needed ]B4f1=1
Tuvinian (Tuva)0.019105 [6] B4=2
Tibetan (Qinghai)0.01856[ citation needed ]B4a=1
Nogai (Nogaysky, Dagestan & Adyge-Khabalsky, Karachay-Cherkessia)0.015206[ citation needed ]B=3
Tibetan (Shannan, Tibet)0.01474[ citation needed ]B4a=1
Yakut 0.012423[ citation needed ]B4(xB4b1)=3
B4b1=1
B5b2=1
Bashkir 0.009221[ citation needed ]B=2
Chukchi (Anadyr)0.00015 [6] –
Uyghur (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00016[ citation needed ]–
Crimean Tatar (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00020[ citation needed ]–
Iranian (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00020[ citation needed ]–
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00020[ citation needed ]–
Kazakh (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00020[ citation needed ]–
Kyrgyz (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.00020[ citation needed ]–
Hindu (Chitwan, Nepal)0.00024[ citation needed ]–
Nganasan 0.00024 [14] –
Tibetan (Diqing, Yunnan)0.00024[ citation needed ]–
Kurd (northwestern Iran)0.00025 [6] –
Andhra Pradesh (tribal)0.00029[ citation needed ]–
Tibetan (Shigatse, Tibet)0.00029[ citation needed ]–
Batak (Palawan)0.00031[ citation needed ]–
Ket 0.00038 [14] –
Tajik (Tajikistan)0.00044 [6] –
Tibetan (Lhasa, Tibet)0.00044[ citation needed ]–
Evenk (Buryatia)0.00045 [6] –
Udege (Gvasiugi, Imeni Lazo, Khabarovsk Krai)0.00046 [14] –
Itelmen 0.00047 [14] –
Chuvash 0.00055[ citation needed ]–
Nivkh (northern Sakhalin)0.00056 [14] –
Komi-Zyryans 0.00062[ citation needed ]–
Mansi 0.00063[ citation needed ]–
Chukchi 0.00066 [14] –
Evenk (53 Stony Tunguska basin & 18 Tuguro-Chumikan)0.00071 [14] –
Tatar (Aznakayevo)0.00071[ citation needed ]–
Komi-Permyaks 0.00074[ citation needed ]–
Siberian Eskimo 0.00079 [14] –
Ulchi 0.00087 [14] –
Mansi 0.00098 [14] –
Udmurt 0.000101[ citation needed ]–
Mordvinian 0.000102[ citation needed ]–
Khanty 0.000106[ citation needed ]–
Yakut 0.000117[ citation needed ]–
Tatar (Buinsk)0.000126[ citation needed ]–
Mari 0.000136[ citation needed ]–
Koryak 0.000155 [14] –
Tatar 0.000228[ citation needed ]–

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup B subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [1] and subsequent published research.

In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve , Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Ina.

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)  
L0 L1–6 
L1 L2   L3    L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

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Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT, is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup. The clade and its subclades constitute over 90% of paternal lineages outside of Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup N-M231</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in North Eurasia

Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup defined by the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker M231.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup O-M175</span> Haplogroup O. Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in Asia.

Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is primarily found among populations in Southeast Asia and East Asia. It also is found in various percentages of populations of the Russian Far East, South Asia, Central Asia, Caucasus, Crimea, Ukraine, Iran, Oceania, Madagascar and the Comoros. Haplogroup O is a primary descendant of haplogroup NO-M214.

Haplogroup O-M122 is an Eastern Eurasian Y-chromosome haplogroup. The lineage ranges across Southeast Asia and East Asia, where it dominates the paternal lineages with extremely high frequencies. It is also significantly present in Central Asia, especially among the Naiman tribe of Kazakhs.

In human genetics, Haplogroup O-M268, also known as O1b, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup O-M268 is a primary subclade of haplogroup O-F265, itself a primary descendant branch of Haplogroup O-M175.

In human genetics, Haplogroup O-M119 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup O-M119 is a descendant branch of haplogroup O-F265 also known as O1a, one of two extant primary subclades of Haplogroup O-M175. The same clade previously has been labeled as O-MSY2.2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M217</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup C-M217, also known as C2, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the most frequently occurring branch of the wider Haplogroup C (M130). It is found mostly in Central Asia, Eastern Siberia and significant frequencies in parts of East Asia and Southeast Asia including some populations in the Caucasus, Middle East, South Asia, East Europe. It is found in a much more widespread area with a low frequency of less than 2%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup Y</span> Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Y is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barga Mongols</span> Subgroup of Mongols from east of Lake Baikal

The Barga are a subgroup of the Buryats which gave its name to the Baikal region – "Bargujin-Tukum" – "the land's end", according to the conception of Mongol peoples in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Haplogroup C-M48 also known as C2b1a2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup O-M117</span> Descendant branch of haplogroup O2a (formerly O3a)

Haplogroup O2a2b1a1-M117 or Haplogroup O2a2b1a1-M117 is a subclade of O2a2b1-M134 that occurs frequently in China and in neighboring countries like Bhutan, Nepal, and Korea, also found among Sino-Tibetan language speaking people.

References

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