Harewood House | |
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Arms of the Trelawny family | |
Location within Cornwall | |
OS grid reference | SX4368 |
Civil parish |
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Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | CALSTOCK GUNNISLAKE |
Postcode district | PL18 |
Dialling code | 01822 |
Police | Devon and Cornwall |
Fire | Cornwall |
Ambulance | South Western |
UK Parliament | |
Harewood House was an ancient manor house, built originally by the Saxons, in Cornwall, England. Harewood Estate is surrounded by old mine workings, so the house faces towards Morwellham Quay.
In Saxon times Calstock was in the Kingdom of Cornwall, which resisted the spread of Wessex from the east. In 838 CE Wessex had spread as far as the River Tamar, and a battle for independence was fought near Calstock. Following the Norman Conquest, Calstock manor was recorded in the Domesday Book. The Saxon manor (held by Asgar) was taken over, and in the 14th century became part of the Duchy of Cornwall: one of the 17 Antiqua maneria.
At the time of Domesday Book (1086) the manor was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There were two and a half hides of land and land for 12 ploughs. Reginald held one virgate of land with 2 ploughs and 12 serfs. 30 villeins and 30 smallholders had the rest of the land with 6 ploughs. There were 100 acres of woodland, 3 square leagues of pasture and 3 pigs. The value of the manor was £3 sterling though it had formerly been worth £6. [1]
During the civil war, the house was commandeered by the cavalier army fighting the roundheads in Devon. The house was strategically located close to Gunnislake New Bridge, the site of the Battle of Gunnislake New Bridge on 20 July 1664. The garrison based at Harewood House was commanded by Capt. Thomas Southcot (1608-1657). [2]
The manor was sold by the Duchy to John Williams of Scorrier House circa 1807. [3] 1807 saw Sir William Lewis Salusbury-Trelawny, 8th Baronet, of the Salusbury-Trelawny baronets, purchase the estate.
A granite cross at the eastern end of the churchyard marks the grave of Sir William Lewis Salusbury-Trelawny, 8th Baronet, of Harewood House, Calstock, part of Salusbury-Trelawny baronets, who was for some time the Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall and M.P. for East Cornwall. He died at Harewood in 1856, aged seventy five years. Folklore says that Sir William didn't want his body ever to leave his estate and so he was carried in through the back gate to his current resting spot, closest to his estate. Inside the church, just north of the pulpit, are two plaques:
Harewood House has since been changed. The house is now only two storeys tall as the roof height has been lowered. The building is divided east and west by a rather out-of-place looking large stone doorway. Whilst West Harewood House is a single residential property the East comprises two.
Callington is a civil parish and town in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom about 7 miles (11 km) north of Saltash and 9 miles (14 km) south of Launceston.
Calstock is a civil parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, on the border with Devon. The village is situated on the River Tamar 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Tavistock and 10 miles (16 km) north of Plymouth.
The hundreds of Cornwall were administrative divisions or Shires (hundreds) into which Cornwall, the present day administrative county of England, in the United Kingdom, was divided between c. 925 and 1894, when they were replaced with local government districts.
Boconnoc is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, approximately four miles (6 km) east of the town of Lostwithiel. According to the 2011 census the parish had a population of 96.
Pelynt is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth and four miles (6.5 km) west-northwest of Looe. Pelynt had a population of around 1,124 at the 2001 census which increased to 1,296 at the 2011 census. In addition, an electoral ward with the same name exists but extends towards Widegates avoiding Looe at all times. The population in 2011 for this ward was 4,453.
The Manor of Alverton was a former manorial estate located in the hundred of Penwith, west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
Gunnislake is a large village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in the Tamar Valley approximately ten miles (16 km) north of Plymouth The first woman cabinet minister in the British Empire, Mary Ellen Smith, was born here in 1863.
The Trelawny, later Salusbury-Trelawny Baronetcy, of Trelawny in the County of Cornwall, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 1 July 1628 for John Trelawny of Trelawny in the parish of Pelynt in Cornwall. The family derived much of their political power from their patronage of the nearby pocket borough of East Looe. The second Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for East Looe, Cornwall and Liskeard. The third Baronet was a clergyman and one of the Seven Bishops imprisoned by James II. The fourth Baronet represented West Looe, Liskeard and East Looe in the House of Commons. The fifth Baronet was Member of Parliament for East Looe. The sixth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for West Looe and served as Governor of Jamaica. The eighth Baronet was Member of Parliament for East Cornwall 1832–1837 and Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. In 1802 he assumed the additional surname of Salusbury. The ninth Baronet represented Tavistock and East Cornwall in Parliament.
The Williams family of Caerhays, Burncoose and Scorrier were owners of mines and smelting works for several generations during the Cornish Industrial Revolution. A branch of the family settled in Port Hope, Ontario.
Efford is an historic manor formerly in the parish of Eggbuckland, Devon, England. Today it has been absorbed by the city of Plymouth to become a large, mostly post-World War II, eastern suburb of the city. It stands on high ground approximately 300 feet above the Laira estuary of the River Plym and provides views over long distances: to the north across Dartmoor, to the east and south-east across the South Hams. It consists predominantly of local authority and housing association properties. Before this land was built upon it was known as 'The Wilds of Efford', and was largely unspoilt countryside and marsh land. That a deer park may have been attached to the manor is suggested by the survival of the street name "Deer Park Drive".
John Hearle Tremayne was a member of a landed family in the English county of Cornwall, and owner of the Heligan estate near Mevagissey. He was a member of the UK Parliament for the constituency of Cornwall, a Justice of the peace, and High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1831. He was also the second of four successive members of the Tremayne family who are credited with the creation of the gardens around Heligan House that are now well known as the Lost Gardens of Heligan.
Sir William Lewis Salusbury-Trelawny, 8th Baronet, was a British politician.
Sir John Salusbury Salusbury-Trelawny, 9th Baronet, was a British Liberal politician.
St Mellion is a village and rural civil parish in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish is about 3 miles (5 km) south of Callington and is in the St Germans Registration District. To the north, the parish is bordered by Callington and St Dominick parishes, to the east and south by Pillaton parish, and to the west by St Ive parish.
Members of the Basset family were amongst the early Norman settlers in the Kingdom of England. It is currently one of the few ancient Norman families who has survived through the centuries in the paternal line. They originated at Montreuil-au-Houlme in the Duchy of Normandy.
Trenant Park is a Grade II listed country house in the civil parish of Duloe in east Cornwall, England, UK. It is surrounded by a large park and woodland. It is sited on a tongue of land between the East and West Looe rivers. The house was possibly built in the early 17th century, remodelled in the early 18th century, extended in the mid 19th century and divided into flats in the 20th century.
Trelawne is an historic manor in the parish of Pelynt in Cornwall, England, situated 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, Devon and four miles (6.4 km) west-northwest of Looe, Cornwall. It was long the seat of the Trelawny family, later Trelawny baronets, one of the most eminent of Cornish gentry families, much of whose political power derived from their control of the pocket borough of nearby East Looe. The surviving grade II* listed manor house known as Trelawne House is today used for holiday accommodation and entertainment, under the name "Trelawne Manor Holiday Park".
St Andrew's is the Anglican parish church of Calstock in Cornwall and dates to the 14th century. It is a Grade I listed building.
Southcott is a surname of an ancient and prominent family from the English counties of Devon and Cornwall.
Trelawny or Trelawney is a habitational surname that originated in Cornwall. The family are said to have descended from Haemlin, who held several manors from Robert, Count of Mortain, according to the Domesday Book.