Harpullia pendula

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Tulipwood
Harpullia pendula - fruiting tree.jpg
Fruit and leaves
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Harpullia
Species:
H. pendula
Binomial name
Harpullia pendula
Harpullia pendulaDistA13.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Habit in a Brisbane street S tulipwood.jpg
Habit in a Brisbane street

Harpullia pendula, commonly known as tulipwood, mogun-mogun, tulip lancewood, Queensland tulipwood, black tulipwood or black tulip, [1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, greenish yellow flowers, and yellow to reddish capsules.

Contents

Description

Harpullia pendula is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to 15 m (49 ft) with a dbh 60 cm (24 in), its new growth with soft, fawn-coloured hairs. Its leaves are paripinnate, 100–300 mm (3.9–11.8 in) long with 4 to 8 elliptic to egg-shaped, thin, leathery leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 55–105 mm (2.2–4.1 in) long and 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) wide on a petiolule 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. The flowers are borne in panicles in leaf axils up to 280 mm (11 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The sepals are oblong to more or less round, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and covered with hairs. The petals are greenish yellow, 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long, and there are usually 8 stamens. The ovary is covered with woolly hairs and the style is 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long and twisted. The fruit is a yellow-orange to red capsule 13–25 mm (0.51–0.98 in) long, with a single seed in each locule. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Harpullia pendula was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria from an unpublished description by Jules Émile Planchon, of plants in the forests of Moreton Bay. [6] [7] The specific epithet (pendula) means 'hanging' or 'drooping', referring to the fruit bunches. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Tulipwood grows in dry rainforest on basalt between Coen in Queensland and the Bellinger River in north-eastern New South Wales, at altitudes up to 850 m (2,790 ft). [2] [3]

Ecology

The larval stages of Deudorix epijarbas feed on this species of tree. [3]

Uses

Timber

The timber of H. pendula is well regarded. Excellent for turnery and cabinet timber. Fine grained, tough, heavy and durable. [5]

Use in horticulture

Harpullia pendula is a popular ornamental tree. Seeds germinate easily from two weeks to two months. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulipwood</span>

Most commonly, tulipwood is the greenish yellowish wood yielded from the tulip tree, found on the Eastern side of North America and a similar species is found in some parts of China. In the United States, it is commonly known as tulip poplar or yellow poplar, even though the tree is not related to the poplars. It is notable for its height, which can exceed 190 feet. The wood is very light, around 490 kg per cubic meter, but very strong and is used in many applications, including furniture, joinery and moldings. It can also be stained very easily and is often used as a low-cost alternative to walnut and cherry in furniture and doors.

<i>Harpullia</i> Genus of trees

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. Plants in the genus Harpullia are usually dioecious shrubs or trees covered with simple or star-shaped hairs. The leaves are paripinnate and the flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, usually with 5 petals, 5 to 8 stamens and a 2-locular ovary. The fruit is a 2-lobed capsule.

<i>Pleiogynium timoriense</i> Species of tree in the family Anacardiaceae

Pleiogynium timoriense, commonly known as the Burdekin plum, sweet plum, tulip plum, or in the Djabugay language guybalum, is a medium-sized fruit-bearing tree in the cashew and mango family Anacardiaceae native to Malesia, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

<i>Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum</i> Species of tree

Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum, known as thorny yellow-wood, satinwood, satin tree or scrub mulga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a rainforest shrub or tree with thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and prickles on the branches, pinnate leaves, and male and female flowers arranged in panicles.

<i>Cupaniopsis anacardioides</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis anacardioides, commonly known as tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind or green-leaved tamarind, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Sapindaceae, and is native to eastern and northern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 8 egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, or elliptic leaves, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical golden yellow capsule.

<i>Flindersia bennettii</i> Species of tree

Flindersia bennettii, commonly known as Bennett's ash, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with between three and nine leaflets, cream-coloured flowers arranged on the ends of branchlets and woody fruit containing winged seeds.

<i>Cupaniopsis newmanii</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis newmanii, commonly known as long-leaved tuckeroo, is a species of flowering tree in the soapberry family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a rainforest tree with paripinnate leaves with 16 to 24 narrowly egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a rust-coloured capsule flushed with pink.

<i>Harpullia frutescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia frutescens, commonly known as dwarf harpullia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to North Queensland. It is a shrub with paripinnate leaves with 6 to 8 leaflets, white flowers with a pink tinge, and crimson capsules containing 2 seeds with a yellow aril.

<i>Cupaniopsis wadsworthii</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis wadsworthii, sometimes commonly named duckfoot, or dwarf tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to Queensland. It is a slender shrub or small tree with paripinnate leaves with two to eight broadly wedge-shaped or broadly lobed leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in raceme-like thyrses, the fruit a capsule with a seed with an orange aril.

<i>Harpullia arborea</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Harpullia arborea, commonly known as Cooktown tulipwood in Australia, is species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae is native to the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka throughout Mainland Southeast Asia and Malesia to Queensland in Australia and the Western Pacific. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 6 to 10 leaflets, small pink or pale green flowers arranged in leaf axils or on old woody stems, and orange-yellow to red capsules containing shiny black seeds.

<i>Harpullia hillii</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia hillii, commonly known as tulipwood, blunt-leaved tulip or oblong-leaved tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic to egg-shaped and papery with the narrower end towards the base, white flowers, and orange capsules containing a seed nearly enclosed in a red aril.

<i>Harpullia alata</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia alata, commonly known as winged tulip or wing-leaved tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic with teeth on the edges, white flowers and capsules containing a seed with a yellow to reddish aril.

<i>Harpullia leichhardtii</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia leichhardtii is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to the Northern Territory. It is a tree with 4 to 8 paripinnate leaves, the leaflets oblong to elliptic, curved and papery, greenish-yellow flowers, and yellow-orange capsules.

<i>Flindersia bourjotiana</i> Species of tree

Flindersia bourjotiana, commonly known as Queensland silver ash, northern silver ash, or white ash, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs and with between four and eight narrow egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, greenish white flowers arranged in panicles, and fruit studded with short, rough points.

<i>Harpullia ramiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia ramiflora, commonly known as the Claudie tulipwood or Cape York tulipwood, is a tree in the Sapindaceae family native to north east Queensland, New Guinea and parts of Malesia.

<i>Cupaniopsis dallachyi</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis dallachyi is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to north-east Queensland. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 14 elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets with domatia along the midrib, separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a brown capsule containing a reddish-brown seed with a brown aril.

Cupaniopsis papillosa, commonly known as Tully Falls tamarind, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to a restricted area near Ravenshoe. It is a shrub or small tree with paripinnate leaves with 5 to 7 elliptic, egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, separate male and female, white flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a fawn-yellow capsule.

<i>Cupaniopsis serrata</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis serrata, commonly known as smooth tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 6 to 12 oblong to egg-shaped leaflets with a pointed tip, and separate male and female flowers arranged in racemes, the fruit a more or less spherical capsule containing a seed with an orange aril.

<i>Cupaniopsis simulata</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis simulata, commonly known as northern tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to eastern Queensland. It is a rainforest tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 12 elliptic leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in a thyrse, the fruit a brownish orange capsule.

<i>Cupaniopsis tomentella</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis tomentella, commonly known as Boonah tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to south-eastern Queensland. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with usually 6 to 8 elliptic or oblong leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in a panicle, the fruit an orange-yellow capsule with a red flush.

References

  1. "Species profile —Harpullia pendula". Queensland Government, Department of Education and Science. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Reynolds, Sally T. "Harpullia pendula". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 "Harpullia pendula". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  4. Harden, Gwen J. "Harpullia pendula". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Floyd, A. G. (2008). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia (2nd, Revised ed.). Lismore, New South Wales: Terania Rainforest Publishing. p. 395. ISBN   978-0-958943-67-3 . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  6. "Harpullia pendula". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  7. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). "Diagnostic notes on new or imperfectly known Australian plants". Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria. 3: 26. Retrieved 18 August 2024.