Harpullia

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Harpullia
Harpullia pendula - fruiting tree.jpg
Harpullia pendula :
fruits, seeds and foliage (above), habit (below)
S tulipwood.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Subfamily: Dodonaeoideae
Genus: Harpullia
Roxb. [1] [2]
Type species
Harpullia cupanioides
Roxb.
Species

See text

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Contents

The major centre of diversity, of about twenty species, occurs throughout New Guinea including its surrounding islands and region. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Australia harbours another centre of smaller diversity, of about eight species, growing naturally from northeastern New South Wales through eastern Queensland to Cape York Peninsula and coastal Northern Territory. Of the eight Harpullia species which grow naturally Australia six occur only (endemic) in Australia. [2] They have the common name tulipwoods and were prized for their dark coloured timber. [7] The one most commonly known to Australian horticulture is Harpullia pendula which is widely planted as a street tree along the east coast. H. frutescens is a small shrub with horticultural potential. [7]

Naming, descriptive studies and classifications

European science formally published the name and description of this genus and its H. cupanioides type specimen from India, in 1824, authored by Scottish botanist William Roxburgh. [1] [2] [6] The genus name, Harpullia, derives from "Harpulli, "the vernacular name at Chittagong". [1]

Recently in 2011 Japanese–American botanist Wayne Takeuchi formally published the name and description of H. mabberleyana, the "first member of the genus to be discovered in New Guinea since 1940". [3]

In 2003 Dutch botanists R. M. Buijsen, Peter C. van Welzen and R. W. J. M. van der Ham published a morphological phylogenetics analysis and biogeography study of the whole genus. [5] In 1995 Buijsen published a leaf anatomy study. [8]

In 1994, 1985 and 1982 Dutch botanists Pieter W. Leenhouts and M. Vente published the treatment in Flora Malesiana , a natural species groups classification attempt and a taxonomic revision, respectively. [6] [9] [10]

In 1985 and 1981 Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds published updated names, known records and descriptions of the eight Australian species, in the Flora of Australia (series) and her scientific article, respectively. [11] [12]

In 1985 J. Mueller published a pollen anatomy and evolution study of the genus. [13]

Also numerous studies of various Harpullia species' chemical constituents, often the saponins, have been published.

Species

This listing was sourced from the Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census , [2] published peer reviewed scientific journal articles, [3] [5] [10] [12] Flora Malesiana , [6] the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea, [4] the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system, [14] Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest, [15] the Flora of NSW online, [16] the Flora of Australia (series), [11] and the Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia.: [17]

Harpullia arborea.jpg
H. arborea fruits
Harpfrutescens.JPG
H. frutescens young foliage
Harpullia hillii CBG.jpg
H. hillii fruits and foliage
Formerly included here

Related Research Articles

<i>Alectryon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.

<i>Cupaniopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia. Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.

<i>Jagera</i> (plant) Genus of trees

Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Diploglottis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Diploglottis is a genus of 10 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests and margins of adjoining humid forests in eastern Australia and New Guinea. Some species are known as native tamarind or small-leaved tamarind; they have no direct relationship with the true tamarind.

<i>Arytera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Atalaya</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Atalaya is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs of the plant family Sapindaceae. As of 2013 fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.

<i>Elattostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Lepiderema</i> Genus of trees

Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.

<i>Mischocarpus</i> Genus of trees

Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.

<i>Sarcopteryx</i> Genus of trees

Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.

Tristiropsis is a genus of about 14 flowering trees species, of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Harpullia arborea</i> species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Harpullia arborea is a tree in the family Sapindaceae that grows up to 33 metres (108 ft) tall. It is found from India and Sri Lanka throughout Southeast Asia and Malesia to Australia and the Western Pacific.

<i>Mischarytera</i> Genus of plants

Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.

<i>Sarcotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Sarcotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Rhysotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Lepidopetalum is a genus of six species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Dictyoneura is a genus of 2–3 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Alectryon connatus</i> Species of flowering plant

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Roxburgh, William; Wallich, Nathaniel (1824). "Harpullia Roxb.; Harpullia cupanioides Roxb.". In Carey, William (ed.). Flora indica; or descriptions of Indian plants by the late William Roxburgh. 2. Serampore, India: Mission Press. pp. 441–4. Retrieved 21 Dec 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Harpullia%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Takeuchi, Wayne N. (March 2011). "Notes on Papuasian Sapindaceae: Harpullia mabberleyana sp. nov., Harpullia rhachiptera and Lepisanthes mixta". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 68 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1017/s0960428610000247.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Conn, Barry J. (2008). "Harpullia". Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea. (search result listing, matching all starting with "Harpullia", via www.pngplants.org). Retrieved 19 Dec 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Buijsen, J. R. M.; Welzen, Peter C. van; Ham, R. W. J. M. van der (2003). "A phylogenetic analysis of Harpullia (Sapindaceae) with notes on historical biogeography". Systematic Botany. 28 (1): 106–17. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-28.1.106. JSTOR   3093941.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia Roxb. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  7. 1 2 Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (1990). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 5. Port Melbourne: Lothian Press. pp. 254–55. ISBN   978-0-85091-285-2.
  8. ↑ Buijsen, R. M. (1995). "Leaf anatomy of Harpullia, Majidea and Conchopetalum (Sapindaceae)". Blumea. 40: 345–36.
  9. ↑ Leenhouts, W. (1985). "An attempt towards a natural system of Harpullia". Blumea. 31: 219–23.
  10. 1 2 Leenhouts, W.; Vente, M. (1982). "A taxonomic revision of Harpullia (Sapindaceae)". Blumea. 28 (1): 1–51.
  11. 1 2 Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online "Harpullia Roxb" . Retrieved 21 Dec 2013.
  12. 1 2 Reynolds, Sally T. (1981). "Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, I.". Austrobaileya. 1 (4): 388–419. JSTOR   41738625.
  13. ↑ Mueller, J. (1985). "Pollen morphology and evolution of the genus Harpullia (Sapindaceae-Harpulliea)". Blumea. 31: 161–21.
  14. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Sapindaceae". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. pp. 491–493. ISBN   9780958174213 . Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  16. ↑ Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. "Harpullia". July 2001. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  17. 1 2 Morat, P.; Jaffré, T.; Tronchet, F.; Munzinger, J.; Pillon, Y.; Veillon, J.-M.; Chalopin, M. (Dec 2012). "The taxonomic database "Florical" and characteristics of the indigenous Flora of New Caledonia" (PDF). Adansonia. sér. 3. 34 (2): 177–219. Retrieved 19 Dec 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  18. ↑ Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. "Harpullia alata F.Muell". July 2001. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  19. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Harpullia arborea". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  20. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  21. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia camptoneura Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  22. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia carrii Leenh. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  23. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia cauliflora K.Schum & Laut. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  24. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia crustacea Roxb. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  25. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia cupanioides Roxb. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  26. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Harpullia frutescens". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  27. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Harpullia giganteacapsula Vente" . Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  28. ↑ Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. "Harpullia hillii F.Muell". July 2001. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  29. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia hirsuta Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  30. ↑ Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online "Harpullia leichhardtii F.Muell. ex Benth" . Retrieved 21 Dec 2013.
  31. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia leptococca Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  32. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia longipetala Leenh. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  33. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia myrmecophila Merr. & L.M.Perry. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  34. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia oococca Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  35. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia peekeliana Melch. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  36. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Harpullia pendula". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  37. ↑ Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. "Harpullia pendula Planch. ex F.Muell". July 2001. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  38. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia petiolaris Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  39. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Harpullia ramiflora". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  40. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia ramiflora Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  41. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia rhachiptera Radlk. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  42. ↑ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Harpullia rhyticarpa". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  43. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia solomonensis Vente. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.
  44. ↑ Leenhouts & Vente (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online Harpullia vaga Merr. & L.M.Perry. Noordhoff-Kolff. 1994. Retrieved 20 Dec 2013.

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