Harusavskia | |
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Scientific classification | |
Missing taxonomy template ( fix ): | Harusavskia |
Species: | Template:Taxonomy/Harusavskia H. elenkinianoides |
Binomial name | |
Template:Taxonomy/Harusavskia Harusavskia elenkinianoides S.Y.Kondr., X.Yuan Wang, S.O.Oh & Hur (2017) | |
Holotype site: Laguna del Maule, Chile |
Harusavskia is single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] It contains the little-known species Harusavskia elenkinianoides, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen. This species is known only from its original collection site near the Laguna del Maule in Chile.
Harusavskia elenkinianoides was formally described as a new species in 2017. The type specimen was collected from the Laguna del Maule in Chile at an elevation of 1,887 m (6,191 ft), where it was found growing on siliceous rock. The genus name derives its name from two key characteristics. Firstly, it references the distinctive " halo " around the ascospores , a key feature in its spore structure. Secondly, the name pays homage to its resemblance to Rusavskia elegans , to which this lichen was first included. The species epithet alludes to a resemblance with Elenkiniana gomerana , a lichen found in the Canary Islands. Phylogenetically, genus Harusavskia is in the Filsoniana clade of the subfamily Teloschistoideae in the family Teloschistaceae. [2]
In the genus Harusavskia, the thallus is areolate at the centre, meaning it has a cracked, patchy appearance, and transitions to a lobate form at the edges with well-defined lobes . The colour of the thallus ranges from yellow-brownish orange to brownish yellow-orange. The outer, or peripheral, portions are either matt or slightly shiny, featuring relatively few pseudocyphellae – small, white, porous spots. In contrast, the central area has numerous pseudocyphellae, giving it an eroded appearance with a whitish-brownish yellow-orange hue. The thallus can grow to a diameter of several centimetres. [2]
The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of Harusavskia are typically 0.4 to 1.3 mm in diameter and about 0.5 mm thick. They are lecanorine in form. This means they have a thalline exciple – a rim that is similar in composition to the thallus – coloured yellowish-brownish orange, and a disc that is usually flat and dark brownish brick-orange. The true exciple , the layer just outside the reproductive cells, has a complex or globular cellular structure with very thin cell walls. The thalline exciple's cortical layer is composed of densely packed cells. The subhymenium , the layer below the hymenium, contains numerous oil droplets. The asci (spore-bearing cells) typically contain eight spores. These spores are simple , with an undeveloped or only partially developed septum (a dividing wall), visible only in their early stages. They are surrounded by a distinct halo that is 1 to 1.2 (up to 1.5) μm wide when treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide. [2]
Chemically, Harusavskia reacts distinctly to potassium hydroxide solution (i.e., the K spot test). The thallus turns purple, while the epihymenium (the top layer above the hymenium) and the cortical layer of the thalline exciple change to a bright crimson purple. The cortex of the thalline section reacts by turning bluish, violet, or ink-purple. [2]
At the time of its original publication, Harusavskia elenkinianoides was known to occur only at its type locality in Chile, where it grows on siliceous rock.
Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.
Solitaria is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma.
Calogaya orientalis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and muscicolous lichen (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in arid steppe and desert habitats in Northwestern China, Iran, and Turkey. The thallus of this lichen is reduced, similar to species in the genus Athallia.
Pisutiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains five species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that are found in a variety of environments in the Northern Hemisphere.
Zeroviella esfahanensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in various locations across the Palearctic realm, having been recorded in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, where it grows in alpine and cold desert areas.
Franwilsia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species.
Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.
Elixjohnia bermaguiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying areoles, which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown disc.
Cerothallia subluteoalba is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was described as a new species in 2009. This species is distinguished by its numerous bright yellow to soft yellow-orange apothecia, tiny spores with slim dividers (septa), and a barely distinguishable thallus that either fades away or grows inside its host.
Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.
Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.
Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.
Caloplaca letrouitioides is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is known to occur in Victoria, Australia. The species was named for its superficial resemblance to species in the genus Letrouitia. The anatomical characteristics of Caloplaca letrouitioides, particularly the well-developed true exciple and the unexpanded paraphyses tips, along with the absence of algae in the apothecia, set it apart from other species in the genus.
Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.
Eilifdahlia sergeyana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. The lichen thallus has an uneven and scaly texture, forming patches up to 40 mm wide in dull greenish-grey or brownish-grey. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are orange to yellow, with a biatorine structure, and range from 0.5 to 1 mm wide. These apothecia have a matte surface and a cup-shaped margin containing golden-yellow crystals. The paraphyses within are slender and branched, and the asci contain ellipsoid spores.
Caloplaca patagoniensis is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Chile. It forms small thallus patches, with distinctive areoles that change from whitish or greyish-yellow to deep orange or brownish-orange, often covered by a bright orange blastidious mass. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are dark reddish-orange and initially immersed in the substrate, while its spores are ellipsoid to elongated, and the species contains parietin, turning purple when exposed to a potassium hydroxide solution.
Caloplaca kiewkaensis is a species of bark- and wood-dwelling crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Described as a new species in 2011, this lichen is found in the Far East region of Russia, specifically within Primorsky Krai.
Kaernefia kaernefeltii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.
Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.
Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen has a squamulose (scaly) thallus, with a range of bright yellow to greenish-yellow and brownish-orange colours in its soredia and apothecia, respectively. The areoles of this lichen are varied in size, slightly raised from the thallus surface, and each carries one to four apothecia. The soralia are rounded or irregularly shaped, covering most of the thallus surface as a yellow to greenish-yellow mass. The apothecia have dark brownish-orange discs, surrounded by slightly paler yellow margins, with the spore-bearing asci containing typically eight brownish-golden ascospores.