Harvey Kushner

Last updated
Harvey Kushner
Harvey Kushner.jpg
Born
Harvey Wolf Kushner

(1941-12-09) December 9, 1941 (age 82)
New York City, U.S.
Alma mater Queens College, City University of New York
New York University
SpouseSara Yerich
ChildrenMeredith Hope
Parents
  • Albert Kushner (father)
  • Iryne Kushner (mother)
Scientific career
Fields Terrorism, Criminal Justice, Cyber Security
Institutions Long Island University
Website www.harveykushner.com

Harvey Wolf Kushner (born December 9, 1941) is an American scholar of global terrorism. [1] [2] [3] [4] Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice, The Roosevelt School, Long Island University, Brookville, New York. [5] Author of numerous writings and five books on terrorism including the multi-award winning Encyclopedia of Terrorism (SAGE Publications). Chairman of the Praesidium and Academician of the European Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. [6] Member of the international editorial board of the American Behavioral Scientist . [7]

Contents

Early life and education

Kushner was born in 1941 in New York City, NY; son of Albert and Iryne (Fieman) Kushner. He graduated from Queens College of the City University of New York in 1969 with a B.A. in political science. He received his M.S. degree in 1970 and his Ph.D with distinction in political science in 1974 from New York University. [8] [9]

Career

Long Island University

In 1974, he joined Long Island University, where he held various administrative positions ranging from the Coordinator of Graduate Studies for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences to the Director of the Homeland Security and Terrorism Institute. [10]

As professor and chair of the Department of Criminal Justice and longtime director of the Homeland Security and Terrorism Institute, Kushner has always been an innovator in curricula development for his students. Decades ago, before other institutions of higher learning thought it important, he brought in two agents of what may be the most hated form of law enforcement, the Internal Revenue Service, to teach a course on financial investigations. As the New York Times wrote, “It’s a course designed to teach snoops-in-training to shine the cold light of the law on the murkiest corners of Form 1040 or the most subtly laundered ill-gotten gains.” [11]

In more recent times, Kushner has emphasized the importance of cyber technologies and their impact on society and criminality. He has called for more cooperation between the public and private sectors. [12] He has been a strong advocate for this within the media. [13] Kushner believes through money and education we can address the issues brought about by the cyber age. [14]

In addition to his innovative course development and his desire to meet technological progress head on, Kushner has always organized numerous symposia on national security and criminal justice topics to both educate and train the academic and professional communities alike. [15] His students have gone on to head, for example, the New York State’s Office of Public Safety after the September 11 attacks and one of the largest county police agencies in the United States, i.e., the Nassau County Police Department. [16] [17]

New York's law enforcement agencies

Prior to the September 11 attacks and continuing until today, Kushner advised, educated, and trained police personnel throughout the State of New York. [8] He has held terrorism training seminars for law enforcement agencies within New York State including the New York State Association of Chiefs of Police, New York State Crime Prevention Coalition, Mid-Hudson Crime Prevention Association, Long Island Association of Crime Prevention Officers, New York State Park Police, New York State Police, Orangeburg Police Department, Nassau Сounty Police Department, Suffolk County Police Department, Freeport Police Department, Rockville Centre Police Department, Old Brookville Police Department, Hempstead Police Department, Port Washington Police District to name a few. [18] [19] [20] Kushner currently serves as the Education Advisor for the Nassau County Municipal Police Chiefs Association, a post he has held since 1991. [21]

Work with federal agencies

Prior to the September 11 attacks, Kushner had close ties to a number of federal agencies. [22] In 1993, Kushner was retained by the Federal Aviation Administration to identify transnational and international terrorists that might target civil aviation. [23] In 1998, he advised the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit on identifying and developing a protocol to identify transnational terrorist threats within the United States. [24] [25] In both 1995 and 1997, he trained the staff of the U.S. Probation Department of the Eastern District on how to identify possible terrorists under their supervision. [26] In 1996, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration had him train their agents on drug trafficking and its relationship to terrorism.

Work with Nassau County District Attorney

By the mid 1990s, crime in Nassau County had dropped sharply; however, the public’s perception said otherwise. [27] [28] County residents feared going out at night and businesses were suffering. District Attorney Denis Dillon turned to Kushner to determine the reason for this unwarranted fear of crime. Covering the period 1975 to 1994, Kushner used statistical crime data for Broward County, Fla., near Miami; Oakland County, Mich., near Detroit; Terrant, Tex., near Dallas County, and Orange County, Calif., near Los Angeles.” [27] [28] Kushner found that Nassau County’s crime data were much lower than his national sample due to the county’s favorable societal factors that correlate with low crime such as “older, richer population with a high prevalence of two-parent families.” [27] [29] In his report released on November 21, 1995, at a press conference with District Attorney Dillon and Nassau County Police Commissioner Donald Kane, Kushner attributed the unwarranted fear of crime to “an eager media [that] spends a disproportionate amount of air time playing the ‘crime card.’ Cleary, a blitzkrieg of media coverage is bound to make people fearful of crime.” [28] Kushner also stated, “There was this perception, because we had a few major and very famous crimes like Colin Ferguson and [Joel] David Rifkin and Joey Buttafuocco, that people couldn't leave the house.” [29]

Crime Stoppers International

From 1995 - 1998, Kushner served as a special consultant on terrorism to Crime Stoppers International. [8] The latter is a private group that gathers anonymous tips for local police departments via the telephone and to a lesser extent the Internet. In 1996, Kushner and Thomas Oberle approached the FBI with a well financed plan to establish a National Crime Stoppers program in conjunction with the FBI. They would build a national toll-free hotline that could be used by the FBI to gather tips related to federal crimes and the growing threat of terrorism in the United States. [30] After going back and forth negotiating with the FBI for almost two years, the offer was declined in March 1998. [31]

Terrorism 1999 Anniversaries Calendar

In 1989 and in conjunction with the International Association of Counter Terrorism and Security Professionals, Kushner authored the "Terrorism 1999 Anniversaries Calendar". [32] The Calendar, as the New York Times wrote, “documents the histories and anniversaries of bombings, assassinations, hijackings and standoffs affecting Americans over the past 30 years with the graphic detail of an action movie.” [33] The calendar was used by law enforcement agencies throughout the world to keep a keen eye on dates that might trigger a terrorist attack. [34]

Ancillary Meeting at the United Nations 10th Congress on the Prevention of Crime

In 2000, Kushner was invited to serve as an individual expert and chair an international panel on victimization for the United Nations in Vienna, Austria, at their Ancillary Meeting at the United Nations 10th Congress on the Prevention of Crime (Terrorist Victimization: Prevention, Control, and Recovery). [35]

Post 9/11

Kushner at National Security Bureau, Poland Harvey Kushner and Wladyslaw Stasiak at the National Security Bureau.jpg
Kushner at National Security Bureau, Poland

From 2001 to 2008, he provided data analytics on Al Qaeda and the September 11, 2001 attacks for the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, RI; U.S. Air Force Special Operations School, MacDill AFB, FL; U.S. Coast Guard, Jones Beach, NY; U.S. Marine Corps Base, Quantico, VA; and the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, Fort Bragg, NC. [36] The FBI, U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Customs Service, U.S. Probation for the Middle District of Florida, and the U.S. Pretrial Services also called on him to provide data analytics. He also evaluated equipment requests for countering terrorist events for the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency from 2005 to 2008. [23] [37] [38]

At the behest of Władysław Stasiak the head of the National Security Bureau, Republic of Poland, Professor Kushner worked with top officials at the National Security Bureau’s Headquarters in Warsaw on December 2, 2008, on the subject of criminality and cyber terrorism. [39] In 2010, Kushner served as an expert for the Polish Parliamentary Committee tasked with investigating the April 10, 2010, plane crash that killed Polish President Lech Kaczynski. [40] Also in 2008, at the behest of the Commissioner of Civil Rights Protection of the Republic of Poland, Janusz Kochanowski, Kushner represented the United States at the International Session of the 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp, Oswiecim, Poland. [41]  

U.S. Probation Department

From 2002 to 2005, Kushner worked as the terrorist analyst for the U.S. Probation Department of the Eastern District of New York. [35] [42] His duties included providing intelligence analyses to the chief federal probation officer on all matters related to domestic, transnational, and international terrorism and developing protocols to monitor individuals with suspected terrorist ties while they were under the supervision of the probation department. [43]

Expert testimony

Immediately following the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, Kushner gave expert testimony on terrorism and safety in New York City public spaces before the Committee of Public Safety of the Council of the New York City. [36] In 2004, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (aka 9/11 Commission) invited him to participate in the VIP briefing prior to the release of its final report. [44] Kushner also appeared as a terrorism expert before the Department of Homeland Security’s Homeland Security Advisory Council’s Future of Terrorism Task Force in 2006. [45] At their annual training conference in 2015, the New York State Chiefs of Police had Kushner address the current terrorist threat and what it means to local police. [20]

Expert witness testimony

As an expert witness, Kushner has experience with several high-profile international terrorism-related court cases. In 1997, Kushner served as plaintiffs’ expert witness and wrote the expert’s report for a successful multimillion-dollar civil litigation arising out of the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center (Duffy v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey and Pesce v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey). [1] [42] From 2000-2001, he served as an expert during the U.S. Embassy Bombing trial (U.S. vs. Usama bin Laden, et al.). [1] [2] In 2001, he wrote the expert’s report in a landmark matrimonial case (Micheline Charpie v. Pierre Allain Lucien Charpie) in which the plaintiff argued that it was safe for her children to remain with her in New York City after the terror attacks of September 11, 2001. [1] [46] He also served as an expert from 2001 to 2003 in a civil litigation involving airport security procedures at New York’s MacArthur Airport (Andrew P. Oliveri v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 815 and John R. Cuite).

Kushner has also provided counsel and expert witness advise to families of the 9/11 attacks, the Pan Am 103 bombing, suicide bombings in Israel, and the Empire State Building shooting. [47] He also consulted on cases involving terrorism in Egypt and state sponsored terrorism involving the Islamic Republic of Iran. [35]

Media

Kushner broadcasting after 9/11 attacks on his show on 77 TalkRadio WABC Kushner.jpg
Kushner broadcasting after 9/11 attacks on his show on 77 TalkRadio WABC

On the morning of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, the media immediately turned to Kushner for his expertise. [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] In the days following the attacks, he was called on to host a weekly call-in talk show on terrorism for one of the most-listened-to radio stations in the country, 77 TalkRadio WABC in New York. [42] Kushner’s profiling skills were featured in the Mugshots episode entitled “Mohammed Atta: Soldier of Terror.” [57]

Prior to the 9/11 attacks, the media went to Kushner for anything that smacked of terrorism. [58] [59] [60] [61] The print media especially relied on him for analyses of Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. [33] [62] [63] [64] [65]

From exposing terrorists on the FOX News Channel’s The O’Reilly Factor [66] to explaining the meaning of high alert on the Oprah Winfrey Show to discussing airport security on CNN’s Larry King Live, [67] [68] Kushner has appeared on all the major cable and television networks. [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] Kushner has also worked as a guest host and contributor for the FOX News Channel’s millennium coverage in 2000 and MSNBC’s New Year’s Eve 2001 celebrations in Times Square, NY. [42]

On the radio, Kushner was a frequent guest of the “Heavy Hundred,” Talkers Magazine’s most important radio talk show hosts. [77] He also did commentary for Michael Savage on his “Savage Nation,” which at the time was the second most-listened to radio show in the United States with 20 million listeners. For many years, the Dr. Harvey Kushner Show was a fixture on WGBB 1240 AM, Long Island’s first radio station and one of the oldest in the country. [1]

As a credentialed member of the working press from 1997-2012, Kushner wrote an aviation security column entitled The Middle of the Runway for the Airport Press and was the paper's associate editor. [78]

Kushner’s editorials generated much controversy from the liberal media. For example, MSNBC’s Countdown with Keith Olbermann criticized Kushner for his column in Human Events on CNN’s Jack Cafferty’s remarks on Senator John McCain’s condemnation of Russia’s invasion of Georgia in 2008. On August 19, 2008, Olbermann awarded Kushner the dubious distinction of being his “Worst Person in the World,” a highly controversial segment of his nightly show that supposedly identified evil. Olbermann mockingly stated, “But our winner is Harvey Kushner of the woeful HumanEvents.com–ugh, ugh!” [79]

Awards and honors

The following is a partial list of some of Kushner’s awards and honors:

Publications

Professor Kushner’s many writings on terrorism and related matters have appeared in academic, professional, and trade publications throughout the world. He has served as an editor and member of the editorial boards for a number of journals. He currently serves on the international boards of the American Behavioral Scientist (2001- ) [82] and the Journal of Applied Security Research (2005 -). [83] As a referee and critical reviewer, Kushner has contributed to numerous journals and publishers. Below is a small sample of his work.

Books

Edited journals

Other publications

Related Research Articles

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State terrorism refers to acts of terrorism which a state conducts against another state or against its own citizens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism</span> Use of violence against non-combatants to achieve aims

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Counterterrorism</span> Activity to defend against or prevent terrorist actions

Counterterrorism, also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, businesses, and intelligence agencies use to combat or eliminate terrorism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear terrorism</span> Terrorism involving nuclear material or weapons

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aftermath of the September 11 attacks</span> Effects and subsequent events of the September 11 attacks

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joint Terrorism Task Force</span> Multi-agency law enforcement partnerships in the United States

A Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) is an American locally-based multi-agency partnership between various federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies tasked with investigating terrorism and terrorism-related crimes, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and U.S. Department of Justice. The first JTTFs were established before the September 11 attacks, with their numbers increasing dramatically in the years after.

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In the United States, domestic terrorism is defined as terrorist acts that were carried out within the United States by U.S. citizens and/or U.S. permanent residents. As of 2021, the United States government considers white supremacists to be the top domestic terrorism threat.

Terrorism financing is the provision of funds or providing financial support to individual terrorists or non-state actors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Right-wing terrorism</span> Terrorism motivated by right-wing and far-right ideologies

Right-wing terrorism, hard right terrorism, extreme right terrorism or far-right terrorism is terrorism that is motivated by a variety of different right-wing and far-right ideologies. It can be motivated by Ultranationalism, neo-Nazism, anti-communism, neo-fascism, ecofascism, ethnonationalism, religious nationalism, anti-immigration, anti-semitism, anti-government sentiment, patriot movements, sovereign citizen beliefs, and occasionally, it can be motivated by opposition to abortion, and homophobia. Modern right-wing terrorism largely emerged in Western Europe in the 1970s, and after the Revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it emerged in Eastern Europe and Russia.

Terrorism in Australia deals with terrorist acts in Australia as well as steps taken by the Australian government to counter the threat of terrorism. In 2004 the Australian government has identified transnational terrorism as also a threat to Australia and to Australian citizens overseas. Australia has experienced acts of modern terrorism since the 1960s, while the federal parliament, since the 1970s, has enacted legislation seeking to target terrorism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War on terror</span> Military campaign following 9/11 attacks

The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is a global counterterrorist military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks and is the most recent global conflict spanning multiple wars. Some researchers and political scientists have argued that it replaced the Cold War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in the United Kingdom</span>

Terrorism in the United Kingdom, according to the Home Office, poses a significant threat to the state. There have been various causes of terrorism in the UK. Before the 2000s, most attacks were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict. In the late 20th century there were also attacks by Islamic terrorist groups. Since 1970, there have been at least 3,395 terrorist-related deaths in the UK, the highest in western Europe. The vast majority of the deaths were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict and happened in Northern Ireland. In mainland Great Britain, there were 430 terrorist-related deaths between 1971 and 2001. Of these, 125 deaths were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict, and 305 deaths were linked to other causes, including 270 in the Lockerbie bombing. Since 2001, there have been almost 100 terrorist-related deaths in Great Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in the United States</span>

In the United States, a common definition of terrorism is the systematic or threatened use of violence in order to create a general climate of fear to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change. This article serves as a list and a compilation of acts of terrorism, attempts to commit acts of terrorism, and other such items which pertain to terrorist activities which are engaged in by non-state actors or spies who are acting in the interests of state actors or persons who are acting without the approval of foreign governments within the domestic borders of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in Germany</span>

Germany has experienced significant terrorism in its history, particularly during the Weimar Republic and during the Cold War, carried out by far-left and far-right German groups as well as by foreign terrorist organisations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)</span> Bureaus of the Pakistani provincial police forces

The Counter Terrorism Department (Urdu: سررشتہِ تحقیقاتِ جرائم ، پاکستان; CTD) formerly known as the Crime Investigation Department (CID), are crime scene investigation, interrogation, anti-terrorism, and intelligence bureaus of the provincial police services of Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic terrorism in Europe</span> Islamic terrorist attacks and plots in Europe

Islamic terrorism in Europe has been carried out by the Islamic State (ISIL) or Al-Qaeda as well as Islamist lone wolves since the late 20th century. Europol, which releases the annual EU Terrorism Situation and Trend report (TE-SAT), used the term "Islamist terrorism" in the years 2006–2010, "religiously inspired terrorism" 2011–2014, and has used "jihadist terrorism" since 2015. Europol defines jihadism as "a violent ideology exploiting traditional Islamic concepts".

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Tomlin, Natasha. "Library Guides: Archives and Special Collections: Archive of Harvey Wolf Kushner, Ph.D." liu.cwp.libguides.com. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  2. 1 2 Finn, Robin (2001-10-02). "PUBLIC LIVES; Like Nostradamus, but Carrying Anthrax Pills". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  3. ↑ "Dr. Harvey Kushner on Dr. Carole's Couch | Tuesday, August 17, 2021". The VoiceAmerica Talk. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  4. ↑ "Did Terrorist Case Busy NYC Bus Terminal?". ABC News.
  5. ↑ "LIU Kushner, Harvey". liu.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  6. ↑ "Academicians". Academicians. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  7. ↑ "American Behavioral Scientist". SAGE Publications Inc. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Kushner, Harvey W(olf) 1941- | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  9. ↑ Matthews, Tracey (2006). Contemporary authors new revision series. [electronic resource] : bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields. Internet Archive. Detroit, Mich. : Gale. ISBN   978-1-4144-0544-5.
  10. ↑ Relations, LIU Public. "Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Harvey Kushner" . Retrieved 2023-02-18.
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  14. ↑ "Technology and its Impact on the Academy". CXOTech Magazine. 2022-12-28. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
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  18. ↑ Edelman, Susan (2001-09-23). "N.J. A PERFECT PLACE TO HIDE 'NICE' TERRORISTS BLENDED WITH ARAB COMMUNITY". nypost.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  19. ↑ "Maintaining close watch on crimes; Pair of killings jarred residents; police offer reassurance; 'Perception is a real issue'; Drug use, proximity to Baltimore, D.C. seen as detriments". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  20. 1 2 "APB: All Points Bulletin". www.nychiefs.org. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  21. ↑ "OFFICERS". Nassau County Municipal Police Chiefs Association. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  22. ↑ "U.S. Borders on High Alert". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  23. 1 2 "Making a federal case out of an obscure leaf". NBC News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  24. ↑ Widlanski, Michael (2012-03-06). Battle for Our Minds: Western Elites and the Terror Threat. Simon and Schuster. ISBN   978-1-4516-5905-4.
  25. ↑ "King: Suffolk focus of terror investigators for 'years'". Newsday. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  26. ↑ Kushner, Harvey W. (2006). Holy War on the Home Front: The Secret Islamic Terror Network in the United States. Sentinel. ISBN   978-1-59523-018-8.
  27. 1 2 3 Rather, John (1997-03-16). "Mirroring a Nationwide Trend, Crime on Island Drops Sharply". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  28. 1 2 3 McQuiston, John T. (1995-11-21). "Nassau Is Maligned on Crime Rate, Study Says". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  29. 1 2 "Bail reforms will generate needless fear on Long Island". Newsday. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  30. ↑ "Checkbook Justice: Police Snag Fugitives Using Big Bounties". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN   0882-7729 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  31. ↑ Guernsey, Lisa (2002-02-21). "Where Tips Meet Truth (Sometimes)". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  32. ↑ "International Association for Counterterrorism and Security Professionals - Powerbase". powerbase.info. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  33. 1 2 Fischler, Marcelle S. (1998-12-27). "LONG ISLAND JOURNAL; Helping to Lift the Cover Off Terrorism". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  34. ↑ Finn, Robin (2001-10-02). "PUBLIC LIVES; Like Nostradamus, but Carrying Anthrax Pills". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  35. 1 2 3 "Bio: Harvey W. Kushner, Ph.D." Fox News. 2015-03-25. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  36. 1 2 "Kushner, Harvey". SAGE Publications Inc. 2023-02-21. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  37. ↑ Kushner, Harvey W.; Davis, Bart (2004). Holy war on the home front: the secret Islamic terror network in the United States. New York: Sentinel. ISBN   978-1-59523-002-7.
  38. ↑ Thomas, Cal. "'Holy War' a 'chilling reality check' for U.S." The Stockton Record. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  39. ↑ Narodowego, Biuro Bezpieczeństwa. "Harvey W. Kushner - referat o przestępczości". Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  40. ↑ "Smolensk Crash Was Like No Other In History of Aviation, Says Terrorism Expert Harvey Kushner". www.smolenskcrashnews.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  41. ↑ "Harvey Wolf Kushner". Harvey Wolf Kushner. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 "HarveyKushner.com". www.harveykushner.com. Retrieved 2023-02-26.
  43. ↑ Kushner, Harvey W.; Davis, Bart (2004). Holy War on the Home Front: The Secret Islamic Terror Network in the United States. Sentinel. ISBN   1595230025.
  44. ↑ Kushner, Harvey W. (2022). "Terrorism in America in the Twenty-First Century: Revisiting My Prognostications". American Behavioral Scientist: 00027642221108938. doi:10.1177/00027642221108938. S2CID   249972921.
  45. ↑ "REPORT OF THE FUTURE OF TERRORISM TASK FORCE" (PDF). 2007.
  46. ↑ Williams, Erin McCormick, Lance (2001-11-15). "Custody case hangs on safety of kids in New York City / Dad's request to move children angers some". SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-02-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ↑ "LIU Magazine Fall 2017 by Long Island University - Issuu". issuu.com. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  48. ↑ "WCBS-AM COVERAGE OF TERRORIST ATTACKS". www.paleycenter.org. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  49. ↑ "CIA taking heat from all sides | The Seattle Times". archive.seattletimes.com. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  50. ↑ "USATODAY.com - Americans react to terrorist attacks". usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  51. ↑ Goode, Erica (2001-09-12). "A DAY OF TERROR: THE PSYCHOLOGY; Attackers Believed To Be Sane". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-28.
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