Related Research Articles
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. Usually congenital, this vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system, but can appear anywhere in the body. The symptoms of AVMs can range from none at all to intense pain or bleeding, and they can lead to other serious medical problems.
Angioplasty, also known as balloon angioplasty and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis.
Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control. They become a disease when swollen or inflamed; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease. The signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on the type present. Internal hemorrhoids often result in painless, bright red rectal bleeding when defecating. External hemorrhoids often result in pain and swelling in the area of the anus. If bleeding occurs, it is usually darker. Symptoms frequently get better after a few days. A skin tag may remain after the healing of an external hemorrhoid.
Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. Modern angiography is performed by injecting a radio-opaque contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging using X-ray based techniques such as fluoroscopy.
Interventional radiology (IR) is a medical specialty that performs various minimally-invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance, such as x-ray fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound. IR performs both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures through very small incisions or body orifices. Diagnostic IR procedures are those intended to help make a diagnosis or guide further medical treatment, and include image-guided biopsy of a tumor or injection of an imaging contrast agent into a hollow structure, such as a blood vessel or a duct. By contrast, therapeutic IR procedures provide direct treatment—they include catheter-based medicine delivery, medical device placement, and angioplasty of narrowed structures.
Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which vascular diseases involving the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, are managed by medical therapy, minimally-invasive catheter procedures and surgical reconstruction. The specialty evolved from general and cardiovascular surgery where it refined the management of just the vessels, no longer treating the heart or other organs. Modern vascular surgery includes open surgery techniques, endovascular techniques and medical management of vascular diseases - unlike the parent specialities. The vascular surgeon is trained in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting all parts of the vascular system excluding the coronaries and intracranial vasculature. Vascular surgeons also are called to assist other physicians to carry out surgery near vessels, or to salvage vascular injuries that include hemorrhage control, dissection, occlusion or simply for safe exposure of vascular structures.
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. It was pioneered in 1927 by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, who also helped develop thorotrast for use in the procedure.
Embolization refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream. It may be of natural origin (pathological), in which sense it is also called embolism, for example a pulmonary embolism; or it may be artificially induced (therapeutic), as a hemostatic treatment for bleeding or as a treatment for some types of cancer by deliberately blocking blood vessels to starve the tumor cells.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive procedure performed in interventional radiology to restrict a tumor's blood supply. Small embolic particles coated with chemotherapeutic drugs are injected selectively through a catheter into an artery directly supplying the tumor. These particles both block the blood supply and induce cytotoxicity, attacking the tumor in several ways.
Uterine artery embolization is a procedure in which an interventional radiologist uses a catheter to deliver small particles that block the blood supply to the uterine body. The procedure is primarily done for the treatment of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. Since uterine fibroids are the most common indication, it is also often referred to as uterine fibroid embolization. Compared to surgical treatment for fibroids such as a hysterectomy, in which a woman's uterus is removed, uterine artery embolization may be beneficial in women who wish to retain their uterus. Other reasons for uterine artery embolization are postpartum hemorrhage and uterine arteriovenous malformations.
Ischemic colitis is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply (ischemia). Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.
The superior rectal artery is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum.
Retroperitoneal bleeding is an accumulation of blood in the retroperitoneal space. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal or upper leg pain, hematuria, and shock. It can be caused by major trauma or by non-traumatic mechanisms.
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids.
Percutaneous intentional extraluminal revascularization is a percutaneous technique used in interventional radiology for limb salvage in patients with lower limb ischemia due to long superficial femoral artery occlusions. This method is intended for those patients who make poor candidates for infrainguinal arterial bypass surgery. A guide wire is intentionally introduced in the subintimal space, after which balloon dilatation is performed to create a new lumen for the blood to flow through. The technique is not without complications but may serve as a "temporary bypass" to provide wound healing and limb salvage.
Hepatic artery embolization, also known as trans-arterial embolization (TAE), is one of the several therapeutic methods to treat primary liver tumors or metastases to the liver. The embolization therapy can reduce the size of the tumor, and decrease the tumor's impact such its hormone production, effectively decreasing symptoms. The treatment was initially developed in the early 1970s. The several types of hepatic artery treatments are based on the observation that tumor cells get nearly all their nutrients from the hepatic artery, while the normal cells of the liver get about 70-80 percent of their nutrients and 50% their oxygen supply from the portal vein, and thus can survive with the hepatic artery effectively blocked. In practice, hepatic artery embolization occludes the blood flow to the tumors, achieving significant tumor shrinkage in over 80% of people. Shrinkage rates vary.
Interventional oncology is a subspecialty field of interventional radiology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cancer-related problems using targeted minimally invasive procedures performed under image guidance. Interventional oncology has developed to a separate pillar of modern oncology and it employs X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help guide miniaturized instruments to allow targeted and precise treatment of solid tumours located in various organs of the human body, including but not limited to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and bones. Interventional oncology treatments are routinely carried out by interventional radiologists in appropriate settings and facilities.
Prostatic artery embolization is a non-surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Transarterial bland embolization is a catheter-based tumor treatment of the liver. In this procedure, embolizing agents can be delivered through the tumor's feeding artery in order to completely occlude the tumor's blood supply. The anti-tumor effects are solely based on tumor ischemia and infarction of tumor tissue, as no chemotherapeutic agents are administered. The rationale for the use of bland embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and/or other hyper-vascular tumors is based on the fact that a normal liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery (25%) and the portal vein (75%). As the tumor grows, it becomes increasingly dependent on the hepatic artery for blood supply. Once a tumor nodule reaches a diameter of 2 cm or more, most of the blood supply is derived from the hepatic artery. Therefore, bland embolization and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) consist of the selective angiographic occlusion of the tumor arterial blood supply with a variety of embolizing agents, with or without the precedence of local chemotherapy infusion. The occlusion by embolic particles results in tumor hypoxia and necrosis, without affecting the normal hepatic parenchyma.
Bronchial artery embolization is a treatment for hemoptysis, abbreviated as BAE. It is a kind of catheter intervention to control hemoptysis by embolizing the bronchial artery, which is a bleeding source. Embolic agents are particulate embolic material such as gelatin sponge or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and liquid embolic material such as NBCA, or metallic coils.
References
- 1 2 "Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization (HAE)". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Panneau, Julien; Mege, Diane; Di Biseglie, Mathieu; Duclos, Julie; Habert, Paul; Bartoli, Axel; Vidal, Vincent; Tradi, Farouk (2022). "Rectal Artery Embolization for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Anatomy, Evaluation, and Treatment Techniques". RadioGraphics. 42 (6): 1829–1844. doi:10.1148/rg.220014. ISSN 0271-5333. PMID 36190848.
- 1 2 UCLA Health (2024-06-24). Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Internal Hemorrhoids . Retrieved 2024-07-17– via YouTube.
- 1 2 Zakharchenko, A.; Kaitoukov, Y.; Vinnik, Y.; Tradi, F.; Sapoval, M.; Sielezneff, I.; Galkin, E.; Vidal, V. (November 2016). "Safety and efficacy of superior rectal artery embolization with particles and metallic coils for the treatment of hemorrhoids (Emborrhoid technique)". Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 97 (11): 1079–1084. doi:10.1016/j.diii.2016.08.002. PMID 27597728.
- 1 2 Falsarella, Priscila Mina; Nasser, Felipe; Affonso, Breno Boueri; Galastri, Francisco Leonardo; Motta-Leal-Filho, Joaquim Mauricio da; Valle, Leonardo Guedes Moreira; Cunha, Marcela Juliano Silva; Araújo, Sergio Eduardo Alonso; Garcia, Rodrigo Gobbo; Katz, Marcelo (May 2023). "Embolization of the Superior Rectal Arteries versus Closed Hemorrhoidectomy (Ferguson Technique) in the Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 34 (5): 736–744.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.01.022. PMID 36736690.
- ↑ Moussa, N.; Bonnet, B.; Pereira, H.; Pechmajou, L.; Pellerin, O.; Abed, A.; del Giudice, C.; Dean, C.; Bouda, D.; de Parades, V.; Fathallah, N.; Sapoval, M. (July 2020). "Mid-Term Results of Superior Rectal Artery and Coils for Hemorrhoidal Embolization with Particles Bleeding". CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 43 (7): 1062–1069. doi:10.1007/s00270-020-02441-5. ISSN 0174-1551. PMID 32342155.
- ↑ Bagla, Sandeep; Pavidapha, Alex; Lerner, Jade; Kasimcan, Mustafa O.; Piechowiak, Rachel; Josovitz, Kenneth; Marathe, Atul; Isaacson, Ari; Sajan, Abin (May 2023). "Outcomes of Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization from a Multidisciplinary Outpatient Interventional Center". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 34 (5): 745–749. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.01.023. ISSN 1051-0443. PMID 36736822.
- ↑ De Gregorio, Miguel A.; Guirola, Jose A.; Serrano-Casorran, Carolina; Urbano, José; Gutiérrez, Carolina; Gregorio, Abel; Sierre, Sergio; Ciampi-Dopazo, Juan Jose; Bernal, Roman; Gil, Ismael; De Blas, Ignacio; Sánchez-Ballestín, Maria; Millera, Alfonso (2023-07-17). "Catheter-directed hemorrhoidal embolization for rectal bleeding due to hemorrhoids (Goligher grade I–III): prospective outcomes from a Spanish emborrhoid registry". European Radiology. 33 (12): 8754–8763. doi:10.1007/s00330-023-09923-3. ISSN 1432-1084. PMID 37458757.